US3871623A - Apparatus for mixing materials - Google Patents

Apparatus for mixing materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US3871623A
US3871623A US274762A US27476272A US3871623A US 3871623 A US3871623 A US 3871623A US 274762 A US274762 A US 274762A US 27476272 A US27476272 A US 27476272A US 3871623 A US3871623 A US 3871623A
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mixing
vessel
mixing apparatus
side wall
vertical
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US274762A
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English (en)
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Dietmar Boenisch
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Individual
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Priority to US469399A priority Critical patent/US3894721A/en
Priority to US05/557,347 priority patent/US3958795A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
    • B22C5/04—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by grinding, blending, mixing, kneading, or stirring
    • B22C5/0404—Stirring by using vibrations while grinding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/80—Falling particle mixers, e.g. with repeated agitation along a vertical axis
    • B01F25/90—Falling particle mixers, e.g. with repeated agitation along a vertical axis with moving or vibrating means, e.g. stirrers, for enhancing the mixing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F31/00—Mixers with shaking, oscillating, or vibrating mechanisms
    • B01F31/60—Mixers with shaking, oscillating, or vibrating mechanisms with a vibrating receptacle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
    • B01F35/712—Feed mechanisms for feeding fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
    • B01F35/717—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer
    • B01F35/71805—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer using valves, gates, orifices or openings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/75—Discharge mechanisms
    • B01F35/753—Discharging at the upper side of the receptacle, e.g. by pressurising the liquid in the receptacle or by centrifugal force

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method for mixing fluent materials, especially such as components for foundry molding compositions, by establishing at least two circularly moving regions of material, preferably more or less parallel streams advancing with respective vortex-like motions, with transfer of material between the regions or streams; and as basic apparatus therefor, a container driven with an orbital type oscillation, and having internal vertical partitioning to define said regions or vertical paths for the vortex streams, with communication between the defined paths or regions.
  • Apparatus elaborations afford pluralities of containers feeding serially one to another or in parallel discharging to a common acceptor, for batch or continuous operations, permitting simultaneous mixing of all components, either all brought together at once or, as for reactive component mixing, in parallel diverse component group mixing flows, joined for final mixing bringing the reactive components together.
  • the present invention is concerned with a method and apparatus for mixing of materials, particularly the constitutents for foundry molding compositions, by means of a mixing apparatus, subjected to oscillation involving motion in a circular sense about a substantially vertical axis, not what is usually called rotational oscillation, but what is here termed an orbital oscillation as hereinafter defined, to establish a circular movement ofmaterial to be mixed in at least two more or less vertical parallel regions, preferably in more or less parallel or vertical streams, in which respectively there is a circular motion about the axis or line of advance of the stream, with exchange of the material between the said regions or streams in diverse manners.
  • orbital vibration or oscillation here is meant the movement of a body, wherein each point thereof'tends to move about a closed curved path about its respective distinct axis, without any rotation of the body as a whole with all points thereof swinging coaxially about a common center or axis; the particular type of which motion will appear from the apparatus hereinafter disclosed.
  • an orbitally oscillating or vibrating mixing container having therein certain partitions, material guides, baffles or the like to establish two or more comparatively distinct vertical regions of circular or rotating movement of the material to be mixed, preferably essentially vertical vortex type streams, between which there occurs a constant exchange of material, to generate further mixing action in addition to that occurring within each region or stream.
  • regions or vortical streams can be disposed or directed adjacently to one another but also one region or stream may be located or moved within another, in the simplest case when one is disposed and moving coaxially within a second.
  • an apparatus for mixing of materials in accordance with the invention comprises an orbitally oscillating vessel or main container within which are disposed vertically extended guide elements, e.g., tubular or baffle-like in form, which open toward and are adapted to receive a generated main flow or stream of material in the container, and so set up a circular motion in a distinct local vertical region or an upwardly moving stream of material.
  • vertically extended guide elements e.g., tubular or baffle-like in form
  • Such guide elements or means, disposed within the mix charge receiving main vessel or container, here at times are referred to as mixing devices.
  • these mixing devices take the form of vertically extending elements, which in cross section may vary from a troughlike to a tubular shape; and thus, in a sense, locally at each of the devices, there is formed a shaft-like structure, that is, a vertical material passage, in practical sense a second mixing container internal of the main vessel.
  • the mixing container is driven with an oscillation amplitude which is independent of the load and also of acceleration and decelleration, so that dangerous resonance motion and over-drive or whipping motions are avoided.
  • a positive eccentric drive affording adjustability of oscillation, which is constant over the cycle of the mixing process, but also enables variation of the oscillation rate at will.
  • the drive rotational speed may be advantageously used of from 1,500 to 5,000 rpm, and can also run as high as 10,000 rpm; through 3,000 rpm is convenient.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a method of mixing fluent components of the character described, wherein the charge or body of materials to be mixed is subjected to orbital oscillation, and at least a portion of the charge is deflected from a circularly streaming motion of the main body of the charge to developed a rather distinct vertical region of another circular motion or a vertically directed vortical stream of the material, thus establishing at least two parallel gross movements of material in distinct paths between which the constant exchange of the material is occurring.
  • a still further object ofthe invention is to provide a basically simple orbitally oscillating apparatus for car rying out the method, either as a batch or continuous through-put operation.
  • a still further object is the provision of apparatus operating on the prinicples described, which enables simultaneous premixing of distinct mix or charge portions containing different components, for example, components of a final total composition desired to be kept as long as possible from reactive contact, and finally brining together the pre-mixed portions or streams for a final mixing and discharge to a point of use.
  • a still further object of the invention is the provision of apparatus in which the basic mixing functional operation or motion with modification may be included within a projection type molding machine.
  • FIG. 1 is generally a vertical section, taken as indicated by the line ll in FIG. 2, ofthe overall organization for a simple form of machine embodying the present invention, certain important details, however, of
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a simplified top plan view of the mixing vessel in FIGS. 1 and 2, with cover removed, and empty to show a trough-shaped, mixing-shaft defining element or mixing device;
  • FIG. 4 is a vertical section at the line 4-4 in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view similar to and showing a modification of FIG. 3, by inclusion of two mixing elements;
  • FIG. 6 is a top plan view ofa'still further modification of the FIG. 3 mixing container, having rather a more tubularly-shaped mixing element;
  • FIG. 7 shows in vertical section a further modification with a tubular mixing element
  • FIG. 8 is a top plan view of a mixing container with a laterally merged mixing device
  • FIG. 9 is a vertical section taken at the line 99 in FIG. 8;
  • FIG. 10 is a top plan view similar to and showing a further modification of the FIG. 3 mixing container and elements;
  • FIG. 11 is a vertical section taken as indicated by the line 11-11 in FIG.10;
  • FIG. 12 is a top plan view of another modification, somewhat analogous to that of FIGS. 10 and 11;
  • FIG. 13 is a top plan view of a still further modificationwith a multiplicity of the mixing shaft type elements
  • FIG. 14 is a vertical section at line 14 14 in FIG. 13;
  • FIG. 15-18 are outline top plan views of still further mixing container modifications
  • FIG. 19 is a still further embodiment ofthe invention in mixing apparatus shown essentially in vertical sectIon;
  • FIG. 20 shows in vertical section a further embodiment utilizing a mixing container generally of the type appearing in FIG. 10;
  • FIG. 21 is a modification of FIG. 20.
  • FIG. 22 is a top plan view of a double mixing apparatus in which basically two similar mixing containers are adjacent and merging into another;
  • FIG. 23 is a top plan view of an apparatus with two adjacent simultaneously oscillated independent mixing containers for mixing portions containing respective components which are to be kept distinct to a final point in a mixing cycle;
  • FIG. 24 is a view generally in side elevation but partially in vertical section corresponding to FIG. 23;
  • FIG. 25 is a top plan view of mixing apparatus comprising four mixing containers simultaneously oscillated and arranged for a serial flow from one to another;
  • FIG. 26 is a vertical sectional view taken as indicated by the line 2626 in FIG. 25;
  • FIG. 27 is a view similar to and showing a modification of FIG.-26;
  • FIG. 28 is a top plan view of a mixing apparatus comprising two rows or sets of respectively serially connected mixing containers simultaneously mixing two portions of components and discharging through a common final mixing chamber;
  • FIG. 29 shows, partially in section and partially in elevation, a combination ofthe apparatus of FIG. 28 with a further foundry molding composition mixing type projection machine, such as a mold blowing or core shooter machine;
  • FIG. 30 is a vertical axial sectional detail view of the molding composition projector machine, as shown in FIG. 29, shown in open condition for charging;
  • FIG. 31 is similar to FIG. 30, but showing the apparatus as in its discharge operation.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings show mechanism for producing the characteristic or essential form of oscillation or vibration used in this invention, and which may be used for example for oscillation of various main mixing vessels or other mechanisms as shown in the remaining figures of the drawings.
  • the generally cylindrical mixing vessel or container 10 provided with a flat externally flanged bottom 11 and a lid or cover 12, for mixing of the mix batch or charge of material 13, is releasably secured on a steel base plate or orbitally oscillated table plate 14, by flange bolts 15, in turn swingably or horizontally oscillatably supported and secured on a heavy base or pedestal 17 through a plurality of three of more resilient elements 16.
  • a round table for example, three equi-spaced, with a rectangular table four cornerlocated, elements 16 may be used.
  • Resilient elements 16 preferably are comprised of rubber-like resilient elastomeric blocks or cylinders, having the opposite ends adapted for screwed or bolted connections to the plate and pedestal; for example, such as are marketed in Germany under the trademark Schwingmetall;" but helical springs of appropriate size and strength may also be used; there expedients being preferred to gliding mounts.
  • the preferably cast iron base or pedestal 17 has sufficient mass to obtain immobility and stability in 17 without need to anchor to the floor or other underbase.
  • the electric motor 18' secured in the base 17, has a vertical shaft 19 extending into, and by a key 20, secured in an eccentric element 21, which runs in a ball-bearing 22 secured on the under side of table plate l4'by a flanged retaining and supporting ring 22b.
  • Mixing vessels or containers 10 having different internal mixing elements or vessel forms readily applicable to or in the arrangement of FIGS. l2, are shown A and described with respect to FIGS. 448, for example.
  • the cylindrical container has one interior baffling mixing device 23, a roughly semicylindrical, half-tubular trough-shaped element extending vertically about half the height of and parallel to the axis of the container; being connected along one longitudinal edge 24, as by welding to the container inside cylindrical wall surface and endwise on the flat container bottom.
  • the open longitudinal trough side faces the main stream or charge flow (in the arrow direction C) developed in the container as it is orbitally oscillated.
  • the element 23 locally changes the motion direction of part of the charge into a circular path as indicated by the curved arrow C-ll.
  • An upward vortical or spiral motion in the region of the element acting as a shaft defining an upward flow path, is developed through the blocking and deflecting action of the element resulting also in an upper component in the motion, with the vertical stream then discharging over the top edge (as indicated by the arrow C-Z) into the upper levels of the charge, or when vessel It) is not filled above the top of element 23, fanning or scattering out over and settling on top of the main batch of material.
  • Ari-intimate and rapid thorough mixing of the charged components is thus obtained, both within the local voti cal region established by element 23, also by the exchange between the moving main body of the charge and the more localized vortex, both along the length of the element 23 and at its top discharge region.
  • FIG. 5 a pair of the trough-like elements are disposed in diametrically opposed relation with the trough openings facing oppositely across the diameter, for developing in two regions an action similar to that described in FIGS. 3 and 41.
  • FIG. 6 also, the construction and mixing is generally similar to FIG. 3, but the mixing element or shaft structure 25 assumes a more tubular form, enclosing about 4/5 of the circumference of a hollow cylinder or tube, the free longitudinal edge approaching more closely the container side wall to define therewith a narrower longitudinal inlet opening 27.
  • the inside of the container curved side wall serves as a guide surface toward the longitudinal inlet over the entire shaft height.
  • FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 In FIG. 7 the interior mixing device is actually a tube 28, somewhat shorter than, and about halfthe diameter of, the main container, again being secured longitudinally against the vessel side wall and endwise to the container bottom, at which the tube has a cut out forming a window-like inlet opening 29 extending from the line of tangency and attachment to the side wall over a portion of the bottom circumference, again on the side of the shaft approached by the moving charge material T3, with the adjacent part of the side wall again serving as a guide surface directing part of the charge moving in the bottom ofthe container to enter opening 29.
  • the material entering the shaft tube rises very quickly in a vertical path as a helical stream where mixing is occurring to discharge from the open upper end of the shaft, and with the preferred charging of the container 10 short of the tube top, the material discharges in a fan-wise scattering upon the top of the major part ofcharge, for mixing both by the larger circular streaming outside the tube 28, and also recirculation down- I wardly to the inlet 29.
  • FIG. 7 there is established a constant movement in both horizontal and vertical directions substantially as generally indicated by the arrows and curved lines.
  • the constant circulation of the mixer charge is so rapid that a thorough, homogeneous mixing is obtained in a few seconds.
  • a completely homogeneous thorough mixing was obtained in only 6 seconds.
  • mixer vessels with inner diameters between 10 and 30 and shaftlike inner mixing elements with inside diameters of from /a to /2 that of the main vessel diameter have proven themselves to be very good in operations as above described.
  • the mixing action diminishes markedly, because the rotation movement of the mix charge becomes slower; but this can be compensatedfor through higher oscillation rates and by arrangement of several mixing devices within the vessel.
  • a particular advantage of the type of mixing apparatus here disclosed is the markedly porous or loose condition of, and an extensive air penetration and ventila' tion of, the charge during the mixing process, so that in spite of the intense work of mixing, heating of the charge is counteracted, with charged material remaining cool, and no unwanted heat-induced reaction occurs.
  • the mixing element or shaft 28 again of tubular form, for a major part of its circumference, laterally projects outside of the cylindrical main vessel 10 which it equals in height, the main vessel side wall being interrupted in its cylindrical form by tube 28, to which the opposed vertical edges of the interrupted cylindrical vessel wall are welded.
  • a straight blade 30, sloping away from the shaft tube inwardly into the vessel cooperates with the adjacent vessel wall portion, as a guide structure opening towards the direction from which the bottom part of the vessel charge is flowing, for directing material through inlet 29 into the shaft bottom, where again as previously described there is generated the upwardly votically moving column or stream of material, fanning out through the opening 28t as a finely divided discharge scattered on the top of the charge portion in the main vessel as shown in FIG. 9.
  • the blade 30 may be in effect the portion of the tube wall sheared out to form the opening 29, but remaining attached at one end and straightened to provide a guide surface tangential to or merging into the interior wall surface of the bottom of the shaft 28.
  • FIGS. 10 to 14 A rapid mixing vessel with particularly high mixing capacity is shown in FIGS. l-ll, wherein the tubular mixing element 28 is co-axially disposed in the mixing vessel or container 10, and has at diametric bottom locations two window-like inlet openings 29 with respectively associated guide blades 30, providing dual shaft inlet and guide arrangements each similar to that de scribed for FIGS. 8-9. The action is similar to that in say FIG. 8.
  • FIGS. 12 to 14 and 19 show particular constructions embodying the invention for rapid mixers intended especially for mixer containers with larger diameters and corresponding higher capacities, while nonetheless assuring high mixing performance.
  • FIG. 12 in effect an elaboration or variation ofthe FIG. form, in place of the single coaxial tubular mixing shaft 28, comprises a group of several such tubes, here three smaller diameter tubes 28, each having a respective bottom inlet opening and associ* ated guide blade 2930 similarly disposed about the vessel axis in three-fold rotational symmetry.
  • the mixing work accordingly is performed simultaneously by a plurality of tubular mixing elements each having a relatively small diameter and a correspondingly high conveying and mixing speed or velocity for the portions of the charge moved in their individual tubes.
  • the large volume mixer seen in plan in FIG. 13 and in vertical section in FIG. 14 has a relatively large number of like tubular mixing elements 28 disposed serially in the annular cylindrical space between the side wall of the cylindrical vessel 10 and the co-axial cylindrical inner wall 10m, down to the top edge of which the top ends of the respective tubes slope inwardly at similar angle to the vessel axis.
  • the open straight lower tube ends are spaced from the vessel bottom wall 11; and preferably the vertical spaces as at 2-8r-28r, residual betweenthe successive tubes 28 and the inner and the outer walls 10m, are closed at least at the bottom and top ends by means as welded plates or by filling say with cast plastic, thus first providing an annular chan nel running entirely around the inner wall 10!: beneath the bottom of the tubes and secondly eliminating corresponding dead spaces in the mixing apparatus, which also might become filled with sand mixture.
  • each tube 28 At the location of each tube 28, from the bottom wall 11 up to the level of the tube bottoms, the inner wall 10m is sheared out to form an inlet opening 29 and a respectively associated straight guide blade 30, into the annular channel; each ofthe several inlet openings thus provided being in effect associated with a respective shaft tube 28.
  • the several blades 30 are each directly obliquely to a respective radius inwardly into the vessel central space within the wall ltla, which receives the mix batch or charge; the blade-defined passages opening toward the direction from which approaches charge material flowing generally circularly in the central space.
  • a mixing container or vessel which has this FIGS. 13-14 construction provides an excellent mixing performance and capacity even with rather large vessel or container diameters.
  • FIGS. 15 to 19 show somewhat schematically in plan further modification of simple oscillatable mixing container structures, as further elaborations or modifications of FIG. 3 and the aforegoing types.
  • the cylindrical main vessel or mixing container 10 has as mixing or guide elements 23, simple straight vertical plate baffles running up from the bottom 11 and projecting radially inwardly from the vessel side wall each for about one-half the vessel radius and in diametrically opposed alignment.
  • This arrangement in practical sense approaches a sub-division of the vessel 10 into two mixing sub-chambers with central region communication over their entire heights.
  • in each of these sub-chambers there again results a circular flow and mixing motion of and in corresponding portions of the charge, between which moving portions there is a continual material exchange and mixing transfer at what might be loosely called the area of tangency, of the oppositely rotating or circulating streams, at the space between the baffle edges.
  • the top ends of the elements 23 terminate below the top rim of the main vessel wall.
  • FIG. 16 The arrangement and mixing motion action of FIG. 16 is similar to that of FIG. 15, but has three of the baffle type mixing elements 23, equi-spaced about the inner circumference of the vessel cylindrical wall 10, thereby in effect forming three sub-chambers with respective rotationally moving vertically portions of the charge. Additionally here, in the very central axial core, a further fourth rotating vertical portion generally tends to arise, so that there is constant material exchange between the central core and the respective chambers, as well as between adjacent chambers around the element 23. 7
  • FIGS. 18 and 19 both show the vessel circumferential upright wall as varying from cylindrical, by having inward or reentrant curvatures of cusps as at 57 resulting in a symmetric trefoil type form as seen in plan, where at re-entrant regions, the inward projections 23 act similarly to the baffles in FIG, 16 in vessel spaces dividing and mixing motion directing action.
  • the vessel side wall is obtained, as it were I by successively joining the edges of three like incomplete tubular sections each comprising about /s% the circumference of a complete cylindrical tube; in contrast with FIG. 17, where in effect the wall may be considered as derived from a cylinder by inwardly forming longitudinally at equi'spaced locations.
  • FIGS. -19 the type of mixing vessel construction represented in FIGS. -19 is particularly advantageous for orbitally oscillating mixing type sand projection or mold blowing cylinders 50 as hereafter described relative to and in the system of FIGS. 29-31 to the extent that, because a very intimate thorough mixing is attained, the separate and special rapid mixing chamber 16, therein described relative to say FIG. 29, can be dispensed with.
  • the mixing containers of FIGS. 1'7 and 18 are particularly suitable and useful in combination with an elastic rubber or elastomeric lining sheet 50d to the described relative to the mixing vessel of FIG. 31), even where the vessel is not to serve as part of a mold blowing apparatus.
  • the conforming of the elastic sheeting on the vessel walls then is achieved by application of vacuum merely by a vaccum pump connected conduit opening to the bottom of the vessel, such as the pipe 500 appearing in FIG. 30.
  • the charge receiving vessel comprises a large outside upper container structure which is not directly and rigidly connected with the eccentric drive system 21; being formed by the generally cylindrical circumferentially top flanged container wall 10m, supported upon a plurality of circumferentially spaced fixed columns 34 preferably through support elements 16:: similar to elements 16 previously described, and a shallow funnel-shaped bottom provided by a centrally apertured resilient rubber diaphragm 11b or similar elastomeric tough sheet, supported by a similarly shaped conical metal wall 11a with larger central opening and also an upwardly turned rim circumferentially embracing, and capturing the diaphragm about, the bottom of the wall 1011, being secured by suitable known means (not shown).
  • an oscillating mixer in effect a mixer vessel structure as shown in FIGS. 10-11, but with cylindrical wall 10 cut down to just above the level of inlet openings 29 and blades 30 and circumferentially top-flanged at My for securing to the inner margin of the elastic bottom wall 111) with the mixing shaft tube 23 projecting up through the central opening.
  • Vessel 10 is supported by resilient elements 16 suitably secured to the floor or rigid base on which is secured the drive motor 18 operating the eccentric mechanism 21 on the bottom wall 11.
  • the side wall bottom outlet 10B opens through a discharge tube 111p.
  • the primary driving effect arises from the orbital oscillation of the lower vessel portion 10 and its upwardly extending tubular mixing shaft 28 and the blades 30 associated with the shaft inlets 29. Comparatively free oscillation in 10 is permitted by the resilient character of the bottom lining sheet 11b, and the gap between the flange 10y and the surrounding inner edge of the bottom wall 11a.
  • the oscillating motion of the bottom container 10 and shaft 28 is communicated to the large top vessel portion through the charge and, to a slight degree, through the elastomeric wall 11b as permitted by the preferably used elements 16a at the top of the respective columns 34.
  • This vibration of the top container wall portions assures a constant, ready flow down the funnel-like bottom into the lower active vessel portion 10, and thus contributes even in this large space to a quite intensive mixing.
  • the upper vessel portion is not directly driven by the eccentric mechanism, so that it is not required that the motor-eccentric mechanism substantially move the entire upper vessel structure with the full mass of its charge with the characteristic oscillation and with the amplitude imparted to the vessel 10 and mixing tube 28. Obviously this lessens the power and structural demands on this drive mechanism and as well on the upper resilient supports 16a.
  • the mixing intensity or activity with a large volume mixer can further be increased through disposition therein of several of the mixing elements as shown for example in FIG. 12.
  • FIG. 20 shows a further elaboration of the construction of FIGS. 1041 for the main mixing vessel or container 10.
  • the latter is again supported by the resilient elements 16 on a rigid sturdy base surface, which also mounts the drive motor 18 operating the eccentric device indicated generally at 21.
  • a simple rectangular stationary frame provided by base-anchored columns 34 topped by a transverse horizontal beam 33, supports a beam-centered vertically depending, preferably rigid rod 32, carrying a conical element 3] disposed within and partially downward along the length of the central mixing shaft tube 28.
  • a circumferential gap of size locally varying the eccentric oscillation of the vessel 10 and its shaft tube 28 fixed therein.
  • FIG. 21 In general arrangement, the apparatus of FIG. 21 is similar to FIG. 20; but in place of the fixed conical crushing element, there is provided a rotary agitator type device comprising a set of vanes or bars 31a carried within the middle region of mixing tube 28 by the depending drive shaft 32b of a high speed electric motor 32a mounted on beam 33.
  • the elements 31 preferably are knife blades, which break up felting, balling or agglomorations of the charge material being transported upwardly in tube 28 by the characteristic oscillating mixing action.
  • granulated or powdery material can be uniformly coated or tinted with extremely small quantities of coloring substances or can be quite rapidly and evenly dampened with wetting materials or agents.
  • a rapidly rotating cutting tool in the form of a knife head works very effectively within the mixing tube of a rapidly oscillating mixer, because the entire mixing charge, within a very short time is repeatedly exposed continually to the knife head action.
  • FIGS. 22 and 23-24 The double mixer in FIG. 22 is comprised of a single vessel affording right and left main mixing containers l and a, each generally of the form shown in FIG. 10 except that its co-axial mixing tube 28 has only a single bottom inlet opening 29 and associated guide plate 30; and that the two cylindrical wall portions intersect and leave a wide vertical opening 37, which is fully closable or partially opened by a flap or shutter-like closure 39 supported by a vertical shaft 38.
  • each container simultaneously mixing of respective charge portions may be carried on, for example pre-mixing with sand, but keeping separate, certain reactive components; and in the second part of the mixing cycle, with flap open, to carry out a rapid complete final mixing of the total charge in both containers, as a finished batch of mixed product.
  • the necessary dwell time of the reactive mix in the apparatus can advantageously be further shortened by use of double or multiple mixers in a single overall apparatus.
  • FIGS. 23 and 24 two independent mixing vessels l0 and 10a, each having respective tubular mixing shaft elements 28 and generally the form and disposition represented in FIG. 7, are mounted adjacently on a base or oscillating table 14 as a common bottom wall but without a direct inter-connection between their cylindrical spaces as in FIG. 22.
  • Controllable respective discharge apertures 44 and 45 open from the respective tube structures 28a and 28 through the bottom wall into the top region of a rapid finish mixing chamber 46 secured to the bottom of plate 14 to oscillate therewith. Apertures 44-45 are provided with appropriate stoppers or shutter means (not shown). Chamber 46 is comprised of the vertical cylinder or tube 46a, sub-divided above its discharge end 48 into smaller vertically successive mixing chamber by apertured horizontal inserts 47, in the form of perforated or slotted plates or rigid sieve screens.
  • each of the respective mix vessels 10, 10a mixing of diverse and separate charges of components simultaneously may proceed to a thorough mixing; and, as soon as these preliminary mixings are completed, the respective charges are released to the top of chamber 46, and with the continuing oscillation of the apparatus, the pre-mixed batches flow in steady streams onto the first partition 47, thence descending through and finally mixed in the successive chambers during the dwell time which it takes to advance to discharge at the bottom end 48.
  • sand and a binder resin can be mixed in one vessel l0, sand and resin hardener or activator in the other 100, so that the respective sub-mixtures of the total batch can be retained in the two vessels unaltered as far as the reaction is concerned for a very long time.
  • the final mix reaching the bottom opening 48 is ready for discharge or acceptance directly into a mold flask or core box or other suitable receptor for further use.
  • By appropriate timing of the duration of the opening of the respective controlled outlets 44 and 45 quite accurately dispensed amounts of the premixed materials can be taken from respective container vessels l0 and 10a and mixed in chamber 46, to provide a final mix of such quantity as might be required for immediate use.
  • This apparatus of FIGS. 23 and 24 is suited to mixing equipment feeding into mold and core making machines.
  • FIGS. 25, 26 and 27 Because of the larger quantities of molding compositions required for the cold hardening process, where several tons per hour are required, continuous throughput mixers are obviously especially advantageous.
  • FIGS. 25-26 show various ones of the structures, features, and principals of the invention above disclosed applied in a continuous mixer, of comparatively small dimensions, with which a considerably through-put of several tons per hour is obtainable.
  • On the oscillatingly supported square table 14 (driven with the characteristic orbital oscillation previously described) there is mounted, in generally symmetric fashion, a plurality of four mixing vessels, each having respective tubular mixing shaft devices with bottom window type inlet openings (10, 28, 29) (10a, 28a, 29a,) and (100, 28c, and 290), arranged in serial order for material flow from a point of continual in-feed of separate components at vessel 10 by supply means 40, 41, 42, to a point for continuous discharge at vessel 10c by discharge trough 43.
  • the structure of each mixing vessel is generally similar to that of FIG. 7 in having a vertical shaft with bottom inlet opening, adjacent to a cylindrical vessel main wall, extending upwardly from the bottom to terminate below the vessel top rim.
  • the supply devices here a vibratary conveyor 40 for solids and two pipes 41 and 42 for liquids, are appropriately selected for suitability to individual components to be delivered, and provided according to the number of the mix components to be individually supplied. It is also feasbile to add further components at subsequent points in the other mixing containers especially 10a and 10b.
  • each container in effect has a slight portion of its circumferential wall partially projecting into the adjacent next container, and in fact forming a common wall, the top portion of which is recessed or cut out downwardly, as at Max for the container 10a (see FIG. 26) to a level below the top of and symmetrical to its tube 28a to provide a discharge openings to the next container.
  • These discharge openings are designated by the vessel reference character with a suffixed x.
  • each vertical tubular mixing device in the last three vessels is located to one side, at 90 spacing, from its inlet opening, i.e., the discharge opening from the preceding container, so that as its mixing movement occurs as previously described, the material discharging from its mixing shaft tube is thrown in part onto the top of the main material mass therein and in part through the adjacent discharge opening into the succeeding container.
  • the in-feed, of the several components to the first container and of the vessel discharges to subsequent vessels, is made onto the larger top area of the vessel contents remote from its mixing shaft, so that there is immediate mixing with material being discharged in the following vessel out of its shaft back into its main chamber region.
  • the final output at 43 will be limited, of course, by the amount of supplied material.
  • the through-put velocity or speed of the mixed material, and therewith the mixing intensity is established first by the eccentric drive motor speed, further by the number of the successive serially connected mixing containers, and also by the amount of material respectively delivered from the vertical mixing shaft devices to the next vessel.
  • the through-put capacity or rating can be notably increased for example, by sloping the upper edge of the mixing shaft toward the adjacent discharge window, as indicated by the sloped edge 28y in FIG. 27, as compared with the horizontal upper edge 28x of the mixing shaft device 28a in FIG. 26.
  • This by increasing the amount of the shaft discharge passed on hence, the feed rate, to the succeeding vessel, decreases the amount of shaft discharge fed back into its own vessel, as is signified by the respective numbers of the discharge direction arrows, for discharge and feedback respectively, as appearing in FIG. 27 as compared with FIG. 26.
  • FIGS. 28 to 31 The next described particular arrangements of the mixing apparatus, as is also the case for FIGS. 23-24, are quite advantageously suited for carrying out of molding methods by the so-called cold resin process to prepare molds and cores for casting production in the foundry industry.
  • sand generally quartz sand
  • a resin as a binder agent and certain hardeners, various acids, for setting the resin and thereby solidifying the foundry molding composition.
  • the resin type and the proportion of the resin to acid can be so selected that the setting will occur in a very short time, even in a few seconds, so that by such procedures an economic and automatable molding process is feasible.
  • a prerequisite is the use of mixers which both work extremely rapidly and have a very simple form of construction, with which the strong tendency of the reactive sand-resin-hardener mixture to set up and form incrustations on the mixer surfaces either can be avoided or at least presents no particular problem.
  • the mixing apparatus shown in "top plan view in FIG. 28, and appearing in FIG. 29 also as part of a larger combination, represents a mixer combination suitable for such uses.
  • sand is fed at a predetermined rate from a vibratory conveyor 40 or other suitable conveying mechanism, divided into the two streams at 40a and 40b feeding into the respective first containers 10a or 1012 of the series, along with simultaneous measured delivery of the resin and of the hardener through supply pipes 41 and 42, so that in one series resin is being pre-mixed with sand, in the other hardener with sand, in two parallel streams finally leaving through the discharge outlet troughs 43a, 43b, for
  • the form of the individual vessels and their respectivemixing shaft devices or elements is basically similar in structure and mode of individual operation to the construction shown in FIG. 7.
  • the containers intersect one another as described for FIGS. 25 and 26 at a region providing a discharge window or opening from each container to its successor in each series or to the discharge trough 43a or 43b, but here the respective tubes are disposed roughly at from the point of in-feed'to each container.
  • FIG. 29 shows the larger combination of apparatus for the mixing and preparation of the molding composition on through to its use in discharging to a mold flask or a core box.
  • the heavy pedestal 17, of cast iron or other suitable material shown in section, at its top surface through the resilient or elastic support elements 16, supports the mixing section comprising apparatus as described with respect to FIG. 28, and a drive motor 18 for an eccentric drive of the base plate 14 as in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • chamber 46 is mounted on a separate oscillating plate or base table 14a, in turn supported through the elastic support elements 16a on a lower shelf portion 170 and eccentrically driven by a separate drive motor 18a.
  • chamber 46 rapidly thoroughly mixes the two streams of separately pre-mixed materials delivered by 43a, 43b to discharge the final completely mixed molding compositions at 48, into inclined trough 49 feeding either directly into a mold flask or core box, where the reactive mixture sets up after a few seconds to provide a finished core or mold, or to discharge into the apparatus at the lower left side of FIG. 29 which may be broadly described as a mixing type mold blowing or core shooter machine.
  • the motors l8 and 18a provide separate drives for independent operation of the respectively actuated apparatus sections. Considering operation of the mixing section alone, turning off the motor 18 immediately interrupts the discharge streams from 43a and 43b; at which time also, of course, the supply of sand at 40 and to the resin and hardener at the supply tubes 41 and 42 is to be cut off, so that abvantageously the power for the component feeding system is normally simultaneously cut off along with power to the motor 18, as by one main switch or other known controls.
  • the rapid mixing chamber 46 can be allowed to run on continously or if desired only for a brief time for the thorough mixing of the desired molding composition amount.
  • the basic tube 46a can be built up from heavy paper board, synthetic plastic or other suitable low cost stock in individual tubular sections between which are clamped and mounted perforated rubber sheets as the sieves 47; a structure therefore also to be taken apart and cleaned. But also in consequence of the possible simple construction from cheap materials this chamber can aiso be a throw-away component intended to be replaced by a new part after incrustations have set in.
  • This last described mixer combination for carrying out of the cold hardending mold manufacturing method can advantageously be supplemented by an air pressure operated mold blowing or core shooting type mix projecting machine for the making of molds or cores, with the latter machine likewise operated on the oscillation mixing principal. In this way even the compaction of the reactive molding composition in the mold or core box can be essentially accelerated and the preparation time accordingly shortened.
  • FIG. 29 Such larger combination of mixer and molding machine is also shown in FIG. 29 by inclusion of a projection machine of the type described, at the lower left hand side.
  • FIGS. 30 and 31 Details of a basic oscillating vessel are presented in sections FIGS. 30 and 31, showing conditions for charging and discharging stages of operation.
  • a lower portion of a sturdy rigid pedestal 17b mounts a fixed motor 18b again through an eccentric connection 21b orbitally oscillating the swingable table 41b, supported on the pedestal through the previously described type of resilient elements 16b, and carrying vessel 50.
  • the drive of the oscillating table for the swinging mold blowing mixture 50 and the oscillating finish mixer 46 and the larger multiple vessel mixer can be similar in their operating frequencies and amplitudes.
  • the top shelf 17c supports a mold flask, co're box or the like receptacle 56 to be filled or charged from vessel 50 with a molding sand composition.
  • the vessel 50 comprises a heavy cylinder 50 secured on the oscillating plate 14b, through the shallowly conical bottom 50b of which there extends an air vent or vacuum application pipe 500; an internal elastomeric rubber sheet or lining 50a; a top cover 50a circumferentially clamping the lining top margin against the vessel top flange 50f in an air sealing relation by bolts or other suitable means not shown and having a central upwardly circumferentially flanged charging opening 53.
  • a hollow discharge pipe 52 co-axially shiftably mounted and extending upwardly through the cover opening 53, carries an upwardly convey hemispherical rubber-like resilient sealing stopper or plug element 52a supported from below by the collar 52b which is sealingly seatable against the inside periphery of the cover opening.
  • the discharge or shooting tube 52 is connected in turn by flexible tubular elements with an inlet or nozzle supported in the pedestal top level 17c for ultimately directing discharged molding composition into the core box or mold flask 56 of other receiving vessel as shown.
  • An air inlet pipe 51 through the cover provided with a valve 54, either manual or automatically operated, admits and releases air to an upper chamber defined between the cover 50a and the diaphragm sheet 50d.
  • the diaphragm or sheeting 50d, held tensioned between the lid and the top flange of the container in airtight relation, in the condition of FIG. 30 is tensioned against the closing the lower or inlet end of the tube 52 when the latter is moved downwardly by appropriate shifting means (not shown in the drawings), thereby opening a circumferential gap between the inlet opening 53 and the stopper 52a.
  • the elastic tension of the diaphragm normally urges the rod 52 and the stopper element firmly into seated relation, when the latter is raised, to provide an airtight closing of the charging opening.
  • the now reactable molding sand mixture is supplied from the rapid chamber 46 through the discharge trough 49 into the vessel inlet 53, in open condition as shown in FIG. 30, in an amount suited for the mold or the core to be produced.
  • air valve 54 is opened, admitting air from the pressurized supply source into the vessel 50 as in FIG.
  • the orbital oscillation of the container 50 during charging and up to the time of complete discharge serves first to continue a mixing action, also to keep the charge loose and porous, and further assures its ready flow down to and into the lower inlet end of discharge tube 52 for a free and ready complete discharge under air pressure into the receptor.
  • the air valve 54 is closed, the upper space vented, for example by dropping the rod 52 or by a three-way valve at 54, and a new charge fed in. All such operations are as aforementioned advantageously carried out with continued oscillation of the machine.
  • the mixing and sand shooting or mold blowing apparatus as described relative to the FIGS. 2% and 29 has the following important advantages:
  • the combination comprised of a continuous mixer and rapid finish mixing chamber, as shown in FIG. 28 and at the right of FIG. 29, can simultaneously service several oscillating mixing type mold blower or core shooting apparatuses; and thereby machine idle time which is determined by the time required for the molding composition to set up in flasks or core boxes can quite extensively be avoided.
  • the mixer combination operates without dependence on valves or closures so placed that they can become blocked by setting of molding composition.
  • FIGS. 15-19 show the formation of several circular streams, with the streams having a like rotational sense, but also that the other embodiments lead to several circular streams.
  • FIG. 10 shows the formation of two circular streams, the one a circular stream in the annular space between the inner surface of the vessel 10 and the other circular stream within the mixing tube 28.
  • FIG. 22 are found the two adjacent circular flows (generated as in FIG. 15) in the respec' tive annular spaces, between the tubes 28 and surrounding vessel walls and additionally the circular, vortical flows in the tubes, therefore axially within the annular flows.
  • FIG. 15 shows the two adjacent circular flows in the respec' tive annular spaces, between the tubes 28 and surrounding vessel walls and additionally the circular, vortical flows in the tubes, therefore axially within the annular flows.
  • the flow designations are to be understood as representing principal directions of flow, and that displacements and overlappings occur.
  • a mixing apparatus in accordance with the invention can be constructed in a simple manner not only as a batch machine, but even as a continuous mixer, and that despite a comparatively very small size there can be obtained even a considerable through-put performance of several tons per hour.
  • a mixing apparatus for mixing fluent materials, particularly foundry molding materials comprising:
  • a mix vessel having a vertical circumferentially enclosing side wall and resiliently mounted by means permitting an orbital oscillation about a vertical axis located within the confines of the vessel;
  • mixing means comprising at least one shaft-like element rigidly connected to and extending longitudinally within the vessel in a vertical direction away from the vessel bottom,
  • said mixing means having a horizontally concavely curved vertical surface and providing an opening to said surface facing toward the direction from which said main flow approaches, whereby said element intercepts a portion of the main flow through said opening to develop at least over the height of the element a separate flow with a circular motion.
  • said inlet aperture faces towards the interior of the mixing vessel
  • tubular element located at the middle region of the mixing vessel, has a plurality of said inlet apertures and has in association with said inlet apertures respective material directing blades.
  • Apparatus as described in claim 9, having a plurality of said tubular elements disposed at the middle region of the mixing vessel.
  • a mixing apparatus comprising apparatus as described in claim 2, and a markedly larger container disposed above said mix vessel and having a comparatively stationary side wall and a centrally apertures bottom wall including an elastic resilient centrally apertures rubber-like inner wall portion with outer periphery connected to the bottom of the container side wall and the top ofthe vessel side wall connected to the rubber inner wall central aperture periphery as a closure therefor.
  • a mixing apparatus as described in claim 13 comprising a plurality of said vessels disposed on a common oscillating base and connected either for series or for parallel flow of material therethrough.
  • each series row provided with at least two component feed paths to a first vessel of, and a discharge path from a last vessel of, the row,
  • said discharge paths feeding into an oscillating mixing vessel provided with a drive independent of the drive for said common base.
  • a mixing apparatus comprising a plurality of said mix vessels each as described in claim 1 adjacently mounted on a common orbitally oscillating base, but with independently operating mixing spaces,
  • a mixing apparatus for fluent materials comprising a mix vessel having a vertical circumferentially enclosing side wall and resiliently mounted and driven by means imparting to said vessel an orbital oscillation in a horizontal direction imparting a principally horizontally circular main flow to material contained in the vessel,
  • mixing means rigidly connected to said vessel and having a vertically extending portion located within the vessel
  • said mixingmeans including a'material conducting vertical baffle or blade within the vessel associated with an inlet opening of said mixing means as a projection of said mixing means into the main material flow path in said vessel, directing material into said inlet opening,
  • said base plate being oscillatably supported on an immobile support by resilient elements, and a drive motor fixed on said immobile support drives an eccentric rotatably journalled in a guide member secured on said base plate.
  • spective material directing blades to direct material from the main flow into said mixing means.
  • a mixing apparatus as described in claim 17, comprising a plurality of said vessels disposed on a

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
  • Mixers With Rotating Receptacles And Mixers With Vibration Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
US274762A 1971-07-26 1972-07-24 Apparatus for mixing materials Expired - Lifetime US3871623A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US469399A US3894721A (en) 1971-07-26 1974-05-13 Oscillatory mixing apparatus
US05/557,347 US3958795A (en) 1971-07-26 1975-03-11 Apparatus for mixing materials

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DE2137277A DE2137277C2 (de) 1971-07-26 1971-07-26 Vorrichtung zum Mischen von Stoffen, insbesondere Gießereiformstoffen

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CH (1) CH547121A (sv)
DE (1) DE2137277C2 (sv)
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GB (2) GB1401449A (sv)
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US4032438A (en) * 1975-09-19 1977-06-28 Ocean Ecology Ltd. Method and apparatus for ultrasonically removing contaminants from water
US4353651A (en) * 1980-07-31 1982-10-12 Moore William H Method of mixing chemically bonded foundry sand by vibratory action
US4673297A (en) * 1984-07-19 1987-06-16 Cymatics, Inc. Orbital shaker
US5060151A (en) * 1984-07-19 1991-10-22 Cymatics, Inc. Speed control for orbital shaker with reversing mode
US20050143851A1 (en) * 2003-12-31 2005-06-30 Scalfani Charles J. Method and system for monitoring batch product manufacturing
US20050170043A1 (en) * 2002-02-16 2005-08-04 Harris Nicholas J. Method and apparatus for malting
US20110070632A1 (en) * 2009-09-18 2011-03-24 BioCetane Inc. Photo bioreactor and cultivation system for improved productivity of photoautotrophic cell cultures
USD775732S1 (en) * 2015-03-24 2017-01-03 Asfora Ip, Llc Bone plate
USD775731S1 (en) * 2015-03-24 2017-01-03 Asfora Ip, Llc Bone plate
USD807508S1 (en) * 2015-03-24 2018-01-09 Asfora Ip, Llc Bone plate
CN109509300A (zh) * 2018-12-21 2019-03-22 江西省恩扣智能科技有限公司 基于重力盒的零食贩售装置及采用该装置的网络贩售系统
CN112138583A (zh) * 2020-09-17 2020-12-29 隗有祥 一种角度旋转高效式原料搅拌装置
CN112755827A (zh) * 2020-11-18 2021-05-07 广西金桂浆纸业有限公司 一种乳化机构及其切换方法、造纸系统

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GB9008827D0 (en) * 1990-04-19 1990-06-13 Fisons Plc Device
CN106311071B (zh) * 2016-10-29 2019-04-23 芜湖市恒浩机械制造有限公司 一种分装固定装置

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US3430926A (en) * 1967-09-12 1969-03-04 New Brunswick Scientific Co Counterweight system for shaker apparatus
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US3251681A (en) * 1962-11-06 1966-05-17 Amagasaki Iron & Steel Mfg Co Method of stirring a molten metal in a transfer ladle
US3132845A (en) * 1963-02-19 1964-05-12 Vladimir S Norty Vibratory mixer
US3254879A (en) * 1964-10-27 1966-06-07 Carrier Mfg Co Agitating apparatus
US3572653A (en) * 1967-03-10 1971-03-30 Dietmar Boenisch Apparatus to loosen compounds, especially molding-and core sands for foundries

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4032438A (en) * 1975-09-19 1977-06-28 Ocean Ecology Ltd. Method and apparatus for ultrasonically removing contaminants from water
US4353651A (en) * 1980-07-31 1982-10-12 Moore William H Method of mixing chemically bonded foundry sand by vibratory action
US4673297A (en) * 1984-07-19 1987-06-16 Cymatics, Inc. Orbital shaker
US5060151A (en) * 1984-07-19 1991-10-22 Cymatics, Inc. Speed control for orbital shaker with reversing mode
US20050170043A1 (en) * 2002-02-16 2005-08-04 Harris Nicholas J. Method and apparatus for malting
US7761180B2 (en) 2003-12-31 2010-07-20 Vigilistics, Inc. Method and system for monitoring batch product manufacturing
US7248938B2 (en) * 2003-12-31 2007-07-24 Vigilistics, Inc. Method and system for monitoring batch product manufacturing
US20080015730A1 (en) * 2003-12-31 2008-01-17 Vigilistics Incorporated Method and system for monitoring batch product manufacturing
US7515984B2 (en) * 2003-12-31 2009-04-07 Vigilstics, Inc. Method and system for monitoring batch product manufacturing
US20090157213A1 (en) * 2003-12-31 2009-06-18 Vigilistics, Inc. Method and system for monitoring batch product manufacturing
US20050143851A1 (en) * 2003-12-31 2005-06-30 Scalfani Charles J. Method and system for monitoring batch product manufacturing
US20110015775A1 (en) * 2003-12-31 2011-01-20 Vigilistics, Inc. Method and system for monitoring batch product manufacturing
US8972037B2 (en) 2003-12-31 2015-03-03 Vigilistics, Inc. Method and system for monitoring batch product manufacturing
US20110070632A1 (en) * 2009-09-18 2011-03-24 BioCetane Inc. Photo bioreactor and cultivation system for improved productivity of photoautotrophic cell cultures
USD775732S1 (en) * 2015-03-24 2017-01-03 Asfora Ip, Llc Bone plate
USD775731S1 (en) * 2015-03-24 2017-01-03 Asfora Ip, Llc Bone plate
USD807508S1 (en) * 2015-03-24 2018-01-09 Asfora Ip, Llc Bone plate
USD814635S1 (en) * 2015-03-24 2018-04-03 Asfora Ip, Llc Bone plate
CN109509300A (zh) * 2018-12-21 2019-03-22 江西省恩扣智能科技有限公司 基于重力盒的零食贩售装置及采用该装置的网络贩售系统
CN109509300B (zh) * 2018-12-21 2024-01-05 江西益融日用品有限公司 基于重力盒的零食贩售装置及采用该装置的网络贩售系统
CN112138583A (zh) * 2020-09-17 2020-12-29 隗有祥 一种角度旋转高效式原料搅拌装置
CN112755827A (zh) * 2020-11-18 2021-05-07 广西金桂浆纸业有限公司 一种乳化机构及其切换方法、造纸系统

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Publication number Publication date
GB1401450A (en) 1975-07-16
FR2147227B1 (sv) 1978-06-23
IT963091B (it) 1974-01-10
JPS5631129B1 (sv) 1981-07-20
CH547121A (de) 1974-03-29
DE2137277C2 (de) 1982-05-13
FR2147227A1 (sv) 1973-03-09
DE2137277A1 (de) 1973-02-15
SE398828B (sv) 1978-01-23
GB1401449A (en) 1975-07-16

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