US3870512A - Method of producing spheroidal graphite cast iron - Google Patents

Method of producing spheroidal graphite cast iron Download PDF

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Publication number
US3870512A
US3870512A US338140A US33814073A US3870512A US 3870512 A US3870512 A US 3870512A US 338140 A US338140 A US 338140A US 33814073 A US33814073 A US 33814073A US 3870512 A US3870512 A US 3870512A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
cast iron
channel
molten cast
molten
graphite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US338140A
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert Stormo Lee
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deere and Co
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Deere and Co
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Publication date
Application filed by Deere and Co filed Critical Deere and Co
Priority to US338140A priority Critical patent/US3870512A/en
Priority to AR252645A priority patent/AR205706A1/es
Priority to CA190,832A priority patent/CA1003221A/en
Priority to AU65127/74A priority patent/AU471764B2/en
Priority to IT48879/74A priority patent/IT1016037B/it
Priority to DE2410109A priority patent/DE2410109C3/de
Priority to FR7407209A priority patent/FR2220583B1/fr
Priority to AT175574A priority patent/AT333817B/de
Priority to GB986574A priority patent/GB1459011A/en
Priority to BR1593/74A priority patent/BR7401593D0/pt
Priority to SE7402944A priority patent/SE405863B/xx
Priority to JP49024878A priority patent/JPS529563B2/ja
Priority to ES423861A priority patent/ES423861A1/es
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3870512A publication Critical patent/US3870512A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
    • B22D1/007—Treatment of the fused masses in the supply runners

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method of producing spheroidal graphite cast iron in which the molten cast iron is passed over a nodularizing agent contained in a shallow depression in the [52] US. Cl. 75/130 R, 75/130 B bottom of a relatively wide Shallow flow Channel.
  • the present invention relates generally to the production of spheroidal graphite cast iron, and more particularly relates to a method of treating a molten cast iron of such composition as to freeze with free graphite in flake form with a nodularizing agent to convert the graphite to a spheroidal form.
  • spheroidal graphite cast iron Most of the commonly employed methods of producing spheroidal graphite cast iron depend upon the use of nodularizing alloys such as magnesium, calcium, lithium, strontium, barium, cerium, didynium, lanthanum, and yttrium which are extremely volatile at the temperature of molten cast iron and therefore present problems in smoke and fume emission, splashing of iron, and variable and low recovery of the nodularizing agent. All of these problems result in increased cost in the production of spheroidal graphite cast iron and some result in poor quality castings.
  • the smoke and fume emissions require large expenditures for pollution control equipment to remove the impurities from the air before it leaves a foundry and also require continued expenditures in disposing of the impurities removed from the air.
  • the low rate of recovery and variable rate of recovery of the nodularizing agents require the use of excess amounts of the nodularizing agents which are extremelyexpensive. This not only increases the cost, but may result in low-quality castings because of the increase in residual quantities of carrier alloys and the formation of oxides and silicates which become entrapped in the melt to produce dirty castings or dross effects.
  • inmold nodularization or treatment eliminates many of the problems previously encountered, but due to the turbulent flow conditions in the chamber the nodularizing agent tends to dissolve nonuniformly and a significant amount of dross which can cause dirty castings is usually formed.
  • the inmold nodularization process In order to reduce dross the inmold nodularization process generally requires preliminary desulphurization of the molten iron. Castings produced according to the inmold process also require special inspection techniques such as ultrasonic inspection and destructive sampling.
  • the principal object of the present invention is to provide a method for the manufacture of spheroidal graphite cast iron which reduces the smoke and fume emissions normally present in the nodularization of molten cast iron, which greatly increases the recovery of the nodularizing agent, which provides a substantially constant rate of recovery of the nodularizing agent, and which does not require preliminary desulpurization of the molten cast iron or require any special inspection techniques for castings produced according to the method.
  • a more specific object of the present invention is to provide a method for the production of spheroidal graphite cast iron by which a smoke-free nonviolent nodularizing treatment can be effected using any of the conventional nodularizing alloys, including highmagnesium alloys or elemental magnesium itself, which provides nearly complete recovery of the nodularizing agent, and which method is simple and easily effected with conventional foundry equipment and material handling techniques.
  • the nodularizing alloy must be contacted by molten iron and any vapor produced must be scrubbed away from the nodularizing agent so as to not interrupt contact between the nodularizing agent and the molten iron. Air is excluded from the system so that the vapor which is scrubbed away from the nodularizing agent is dissolved in the molten cast iron in a relatively short time. Ithas been found that a practical way to accomplish the method according to the present invention is to flow a relatively wide shallow enclosed laminar stream of iron over a quantity of the nodularizing agent placed in a shallow depression in the bottom of the flow channel.
  • the various advantages of the method according to the present invention include a no-smoke, nonviolent treatment, almost complete recovery of the nodularizing agent, and use of conventional inspection techniques for castings produced according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a pouring block providing a flow channel to be used in the method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 but illustrating a slightly modified form of flow block.
  • the flow channel is formed in a pouring block 10 made of a suitable refractory material.
  • a down sprue 12 provided in the pouring block 10 leads to the entrance of the flow channel 14.
  • the exit end of the flow channel 14 is curved slightly upwardly as at 16 so that when molten iron is poured into the down sprue I2 and passes through the flow channel 14, it must travel up a slight embankment before exiting from the channel. This ensures that the channel 14 will be completely filled when iron is poured through the block 10.
  • a shallow depression or pocket 18 is provided in the bottom of the flow channel 14 and is adapted to receive a nodularizing agent.
  • the depression 18 is formed with a smooth arcuate surface so as not to disrupt the substantially laminar flow of the molten metal and cause turbulence in the flow of molten metal through the channel 14.
  • the depression extends across the entire width of the channel and is sized to contain a sufficient amount of nodularizing agent to completely treat the batch of molten iron to be poured through the block.
  • the depression or pocket 18 is filled with a nodularizing agent of a quantity calculated in a conventional manner to convert the graphite to spheroidal form.
  • the nodulariz-' ing agent can be crushed or a solid block, and can be in an elemental state or an alloy.
  • Molten cast iron of a composition as to freeze with free graphite in flake form is then poured into the down sprue 12 and allowed to flow through the channel 14.
  • the treated molten iron exiting from the channel is collected in any suitable container such as a transfer ladle or pouring ladle.
  • the iron passing through the channel 14 contacts the nodularizing agent in the depression 18 to dissolve the same.
  • Example 1 A pouring block similar to that illustrated in FIG. 1 was constructed to have a channel which was 2 inches wide and three-fourths inch deep. Two pounds of crushed 15% magnesium 80% nickel alloy was placed in the depression or pocket 18. Six hundred pounds of base iron at- 2,600 F. and of such composition -as to freeze with free graphite in flake form, containing no magnesium and'with sulphur at 0.03%, was poured through the channel at the rate of ten pounds per second, or at a stream velocity approximately 26.7 inches per second. A microsample taken from the exit stream 2 seconds after the start of pour was found to have spheroidal graphite. A specimen was cut from a solidified slab of the treated cast iron and found to have spheroidal graphite with 0.04% retained magnesium. Retained magnesium plus sulphur reduction was 100% of added magnesium.
  • the reaction at the depression or pocket 18 was photographed through refractory glass and was observed to be quiet and steady with low vapor emission.
  • the depression inthe channel was located approximately 8 inches from the exit of the channel and this distance appeared to provide sufficient time for nearly complete dissolution of the vapor prior to exit from the channel and exposure to air.
  • Example 2 In another trial, a crushed 15% magnesium-nickel alloy was placed in the depression of a flow channel having the same dimensions as the channel in Example 1. Base iron at 2,540F. was passed through the pouring block at a stream velocity of 13 inches per second. Samples taken from the exit stream showed spheroidal graphite and contained respectively 0.063% magnesium with 0.33% nickel, and 0.063% magnesium with 0.031% nickel.
  • Example 3 In a third trial, a crushed 8% magnesiumferrosilicon alloy was placed in the depression of a channel having the same dimensions as the channel in Example 1. Base iron at 2,600 F. was poured through the channel at a stream velocity of 26.7 inches per second. Microsamples taken from the exit stream showed spheroidal graphite.
  • Example 4 In another trial, a crushed 15% magnesium alloy was placed in the depression in a channel which was 4 inches wide and 1% inches deep. Seventeen hundred pounds of base iron was passed through the pouring block at a stream velocity of approximately 15 inches per second and was collected in a ladle. The composition of the untreated base iron was: carbon 3.76%; silicon 1.98%, manganese 0.49% and sulphur 0.03%. Samples of the treated iron taken from the collection ladle showed spheroidal graphite with 0.057% retained magnesium.
  • the treatment of the molten cast iron with the nodularizing agent according to the present invention can take place at any place between the melting furnace and final mold.
  • the molten iron can be treated as it is transferred from the melt furnace to a holding furnace, or it can be treated as it is transferred from the holding furnace to a transfer ladle, or it can be treatedas it is transferred from the transfer ladle to a pouring ladle. It is also possible to treat the molten iron as it is transferred from the pouring ladle to the mold, but it is preferable to hold the iron a short time aftertreatment to allow it to clarify by the settling out of nonstandard materials.
  • FIG. 2 is an illustration of a pouring block having a depression or pocket of shallow V-shape and a pouring block of this configuration has been used successfully.
  • the pouring block indicated generally at 20 includes a down sprue 22 which leads to the entrance of a relatively wide shallow channel 24. The exit end of the channel is angled upwardly as at 26 to keep the channel full as molten cast iron is passed therethrough.
  • a shallow V-shaped depression or pocket 28 is provided in the bottom of the channel 24. The slope of the V- shaped pocket cannot be too great or the molten iron will not be able to follow the contour of the nodularizing agent as it is dissolved, and too great a slope could cause turbulence in the stream.
  • a method of treating molten cast iron for the production of spheroidal graphite cast iron comprising passing molten cast iron of such composition as to freeze with free graphite in flake form through a channel having a width greater than its height and which includes a shallow depression in the lower surface thereof, a nodularizing agent being present in the depression in an amount sufficient to convert the graphite to spheroidal form, said molten cast iron passing through the channel with a substantially laminar flow and contacting said nodularizing agent as it passes through the channel and when passing through the channel traveling at a rate sufficient to scrub away any vapor which forms at the interface between the molten cast iron and the nodularizing agent.
  • a method of treating molten cast iron of such composition as to freeze with free graphite in flake form to convert the free graphite to spheroidal form including the steps of:
  • a method of producing spheroidal graphite cast iron castings from molten cast iron of such composition as to freeze with free graphite in flake form including the steps of:
  • a method of producing an alloy from a batch of molten base metal and an alloying material including the steps of:
  • a method of producing a magnesium alloy from a batch ofmolten base metal and a magnesium treatment material including the steps of:
  • a. providing an enclosed channel having a width greater than its height, open entry and exit ends and a shallow pocket formed in the lower surface thereof spaced from the exit end and extending across the entire width of the channel;

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
US338140A 1973-03-05 1973-03-05 Method of producing spheroidal graphite cast iron Expired - Lifetime US3870512A (en)

Priority Applications (13)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US338140A US3870512A (en) 1973-03-05 1973-03-05 Method of producing spheroidal graphite cast iron
AR252645A AR205706A1 (es) 1973-03-05 1974-01-01 Metodo para tratar metal fundido con un material de tratamiento
CA190,832A CA1003221A (en) 1973-03-05 1974-01-24 Method of producing spheroidal graphite cast iron
AU65127/74A AU471764B2 (en) 1973-03-05 1974-02-01 Method of producing spheriodal graphite cast iron
IT48879/74A IT1016037B (it) 1973-03-05 1974-03-01 Metodo per produrre ghisa grafitica sferoidale
DE2410109A DE2410109C3 (de) 1973-03-05 1974-03-02 Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit
FR7407209A FR2220583B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-03-05 1974-03-04
AT175574A AT333817B (de) 1973-03-05 1974-03-04 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von gusseisen mit kugelgraphit
GB986574A GB1459011A (en) 1973-03-05 1974-03-05 Method of producing nodular cast iron and alloys of metals
BR1593/74A BR7401593D0 (pt) 1973-03-05 1974-03-05 Processo para tratar ferro fundido em fusao, processo de produzir pecas de ferro fundido e processo de produzir uma liga
SE7402944A SE405863B (sv) 1973-03-05 1974-03-05 Sett och anordning vid framstellning av nodulert gjutjern
JP49024878A JPS529563B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-03-05 1974-03-05
ES423861A ES423861A1 (es) 1973-03-05 1974-05-04 Un metodo de producir hierro que es nodular cuando esta co-lado.

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US338140A US3870512A (en) 1973-03-05 1973-03-05 Method of producing spheroidal graphite cast iron

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US (1) US3870512A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS529563B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AR (1) AR205706A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT333817B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU471764B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR7401593D0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1003221A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2410109C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES423861A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2220583B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1459011A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT1016037B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE405863B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4134757A (en) * 1977-02-23 1979-01-16 Materials & Methods Limited Method of treating molten metal
US4180396A (en) * 1976-11-24 1979-12-25 Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nurnberg Aktiengesellschaft Method of alloying and/or inoculating and/or deoxidizing cast iron melts produced in a cupola furnace
EP0006306A1 (en) * 1978-05-30 1980-01-09 Materials and Methods Limited Process for the treatment of molten metal
US4391636A (en) * 1981-12-16 1983-07-05 Wintec Company Method of and apparatus for the production of nodular (ductile) cast iron
US4464198A (en) * 1982-01-20 1984-08-07 The International Meehanite Metal Company Limited Apparatus and process for the treatment of molten metal
US4989662A (en) * 1990-02-27 1991-02-05 General Motors Corporation Differential pressure, countergravity casting of a melt with a fugative alloyant
US5038846A (en) * 1990-02-27 1991-08-13 General Motors Corporation Differential pressure, countergravity casting with alloyant reaction chamber
US5178826A (en) * 1991-06-01 1993-01-12 Foseco International Limited Method and apparatus for the production of nodular or compacted graphite iron castings
RU2156810C1 (ru) * 2000-01-21 2000-09-27 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Экономист" Способ получения высокопрочного чугуна с шаровидным и вермикулярным графитом
RU2156809C1 (ru) * 2000-01-21 2000-09-27 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Экономист" Способ получения высокопрочного чугуна
RU2188240C1 (ru) * 2001-04-19 2002-08-27 Рушаник Борис Авсеевич Способ получения высокопрочного чугуна
RU2341562C2 (ru) * 2006-12-15 2008-12-20 Открытое акционерное общество "Косогорский металлургический завод" (ОАО "КМЗ") Способ получения высокопрочного чугуна
RU2375461C2 (ru) * 2007-02-06 2009-12-10 Закрытое акционерное общество "ФЕРРОСПЛАВ" Способ получения чугуна с шаровидным графитом
RU2497954C1 (ru) * 2012-03-05 2013-11-10 Открытое акционерное общество "АВТОВАЗ" СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВЫСОКОПРОЧНОГО ЧУГУНА С ВЕРМИКУЛЯРНЫМ ГРАФИТОМ ВНУТРИФОРМЕННЫМ МОДИФИЦИРОВАНИЕМ ЛИГАТУРАМИ СИСТЕМЫ Fe-Si-РЗМ

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3010623C2 (de) * 1980-03-20 1982-12-02 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Vorrichtung zum Behandlung von geschmolzenem Gußeisen
DE3726272A1 (de) * 1987-08-07 1989-02-16 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zum impfen von gusseisen
SE518344C2 (sv) * 2000-01-26 2002-09-24 Novacast Ab Ingjutsystem
US9216850B2 (en) 2006-09-26 2015-12-22 Intercontinental Great Brands Llc Rupturable substrate

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3311469A (en) * 1964-04-23 1967-03-28 Union Carbide Corp Manufacture of nodular iron
US3492118A (en) * 1966-05-24 1970-01-27 Foote Mineral Co Process for production of as-cast nodular iron
US3498361A (en) * 1965-07-19 1970-03-03 Clifford Hall In-mould inoculation of cast iron
US3703922A (en) * 1968-07-17 1972-11-28 Materials & Methods Ltd Process for the manufacture of nodular cast iron
US3765876A (en) * 1972-11-01 1973-10-16 W Moore Method of making nodular iron castings

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1364836A (en) * 1970-07-02 1974-08-29 Materials & Methods Ltd Process for the manufacture of cast iron
GB1364837A (en) * 1970-07-02 1974-08-29 Materials & Methods Ltd Process for the manufacture of nodular cast iron

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3311469A (en) * 1964-04-23 1967-03-28 Union Carbide Corp Manufacture of nodular iron
US3498361A (en) * 1965-07-19 1970-03-03 Clifford Hall In-mould inoculation of cast iron
US3492118A (en) * 1966-05-24 1970-01-27 Foote Mineral Co Process for production of as-cast nodular iron
US3703922A (en) * 1968-07-17 1972-11-28 Materials & Methods Ltd Process for the manufacture of nodular cast iron
US3765876A (en) * 1972-11-01 1973-10-16 W Moore Method of making nodular iron castings

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4180396A (en) * 1976-11-24 1979-12-25 Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nurnberg Aktiengesellschaft Method of alloying and/or inoculating and/or deoxidizing cast iron melts produced in a cupola furnace
US4134757A (en) * 1977-02-23 1979-01-16 Materials & Methods Limited Method of treating molten metal
EP0006306A1 (en) * 1978-05-30 1980-01-09 Materials and Methods Limited Process for the treatment of molten metal
US4238231A (en) * 1978-05-30 1980-12-09 Materials And Methods Limited Apparatus for treatment of molten metal
US4391636A (en) * 1981-12-16 1983-07-05 Wintec Company Method of and apparatus for the production of nodular (ductile) cast iron
US4464198A (en) * 1982-01-20 1984-08-07 The International Meehanite Metal Company Limited Apparatus and process for the treatment of molten metal
US4989662A (en) * 1990-02-27 1991-02-05 General Motors Corporation Differential pressure, countergravity casting of a melt with a fugative alloyant
US5038846A (en) * 1990-02-27 1991-08-13 General Motors Corporation Differential pressure, countergravity casting with alloyant reaction chamber
US5178826A (en) * 1991-06-01 1993-01-12 Foseco International Limited Method and apparatus for the production of nodular or compacted graphite iron castings
RU2156810C1 (ru) * 2000-01-21 2000-09-27 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Экономист" Способ получения высокопрочного чугуна с шаровидным и вермикулярным графитом
RU2156809C1 (ru) * 2000-01-21 2000-09-27 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Экономист" Способ получения высокопрочного чугуна
RU2188240C1 (ru) * 2001-04-19 2002-08-27 Рушаник Борис Авсеевич Способ получения высокопрочного чугуна
RU2341562C2 (ru) * 2006-12-15 2008-12-20 Открытое акционерное общество "Косогорский металлургический завод" (ОАО "КМЗ") Способ получения высокопрочного чугуна
RU2375461C2 (ru) * 2007-02-06 2009-12-10 Закрытое акционерное общество "ФЕРРОСПЛАВ" Способ получения чугуна с шаровидным графитом
RU2497954C1 (ru) * 2012-03-05 2013-11-10 Открытое акционерное общество "АВТОВАЗ" СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВЫСОКОПРОЧНОГО ЧУГУНА С ВЕРМИКУЛЯРНЫМ ГРАФИТОМ ВНУТРИФОРМЕННЫМ МОДИФИЦИРОВАНИЕМ ЛИГАТУРАМИ СИСТЕМЫ Fe-Si-РЗМ

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AR205706A1 (es) 1976-05-31
IT1016037B (it) 1977-05-30
GB1459011A (en) 1976-12-22
BR7401593D0 (pt) 1974-10-29
JPS49119812A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-11-15
AT333817B (de) 1976-12-10
SE7402944L (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-09-06
FR2220583A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-10-04
DE2410109B2 (de) 1979-02-08
AU6512774A (en) 1975-08-07
AU471764B2 (en) 1976-04-29
CA1003221A (en) 1977-01-11
SE405863B (sv) 1979-01-08
ES423861A1 (es) 1976-10-16
DE2410109A1 (de) 1974-09-26
DE2410109C3 (de) 1985-10-24
FR2220583B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-10-08
JPS529563B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-03-17
ATA175574A (de) 1976-04-15

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