US3870250A - Process and plant for pneumatic transport - Google Patents

Process and plant for pneumatic transport Download PDF

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Publication number
US3870250A
US3870250A US345722A US34572273A US3870250A US 3870250 A US3870250 A US 3870250A US 345722 A US345722 A US 345722A US 34572273 A US34572273 A US 34572273A US 3870250 A US3870250 A US 3870250A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tube
downstream end
flaps
open
tubes
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US345722A
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English (en)
Inventor
Constantin Gh Teodorescu
Stefan P Ardeleanu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
INST PENTRU CREATIE STINTIFICA
INSTITUTUL PENTRU CREATIE STINTIFICA SI TECHNICA-INCREST
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INST PENTRU CREATIE STINTIFICA
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G51/00—Conveying articles through pipes or tubes by fluid flow or pressure; Conveying articles over a flat surface, e.g. the base of a trough, by jets located in the surface
    • B65G51/04—Conveying the articles in carriers having a cross-section approximating that of the pipe or tube; Tube mail systems
    • B65G51/18—Adaptations of pipes or tubes; Pipe or tube joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G51/00—Conveying articles through pipes or tubes by fluid flow or pressure; Conveying articles over a flat surface, e.g. the base of a trough, by jets located in the surface
    • B65G51/04—Conveying the articles in carriers having a cross-section approximating that of the pipe or tube; Tube mail systems
    • B65G51/08—Controlling or conditioning the operating medium
    • B65G51/10—Controlling or conditioning the operating medium at section junctions of pneumatic systems

Definitions

  • An object e.g., an elongated vehicle
  • An exhauster which continuously draws air out of the respective section.
  • the downstream end of each tube section is normally closed by a flap-type checkvalve arrangement that opens as the object in the tube inertially approaches this downstream end, drawn along by a low-pressure zone created ahead of the vehicle by the exhauster.
  • the presence of the object or vehicle in the tube is detected and an enabling force is applied to the check valve to open the downstream end of the tube and, as the object passes the inlet of the exhauster, it compresses the air captured between its leading end and the check valve.
  • the combined effect of the opening force applied to the valve by the detector as well as the air pressure built up behind it suffice to open this check valve and allow the object to exit from its downstream end of the one tube section and enter the upstream end of the following one, thereby entering the pneumaticforce field of the next exhauster whereupon the cycle is repeated.
  • the present invention relates to a system for transporting an object, e.g., a freight, message or passenger vehicle, through a tube. More particularly this invention concerns a method of and an apparatus for the pneumatic transport of a container, vessel or the like through an elongated tube.
  • a process for pneumatic transport inside a tubular passage using vehicles or containers carrying passengers or goods. Gases under pressure are fed into the passage which is formed of tube sections having suction-delivery nozzles of convergent-divergent shape, and each provided with an annular slot located at a small distance upstream the nozzle neck such that the fluid jet, on leaving the slot with great speed, generates along the wall of the neck a low-pressure zone which forces the stream to curve towards this wall.
  • This process has the drawback of a reduced stability of the vehicle and due to the fact that the fluid torus surrounding the vehicle does not support the vehicle when the latter exceeds a certain weight, there is the possibility of blocking the vehicle inside the tube.
  • a pneumatic device for the transport of loads in tubes, by means of a container provided with six rollers, two of which are mounted at the lower part, one at each end, to support the weight and transmit it to a central rail mounted at the lower part of the tube, and four lateral rollers, two at each end, serving to guide the container directly on the walls of the same tube in its straight portions.
  • the tube On curves, the tube is also provided with rails for lateral guiding.
  • the propulsion of the container is carried out by a mass of compressed air which is circulated through the tube to entrain the vehicle, and the braking is electrodynamic.
  • the device described above has the drawback that the construction of the container is complicated and the vehicle is very heavy so that a great deal of energy is wasted simply in displacing the container rather than its payload.
  • Another object of this invention is a transport system wherein the weight ratio of the container to its payload that it can be used to transport people, freight and messages.
  • the proximity of the container or vehicle near the downstream end of the tube is detected by a sensor which operates mechanism to apply an opening force to the gate at the downstream end.
  • This force is, however, insufficient to overcome the pressure differential and spring biasing that hold the gate closed. Only when the container passes the exhauster location (i.e., the location at which the exhauster or suction blower communicates with the tube) and starts to act as a ram to compress the mass of air captured between its leading end and the gate is this force sufficient to open the gate. Since the container develops a relatively rapid rate of advance, it has considerable inertia such that it flies past the exhauster to compress the air downstream of it.
  • downstream gate will open only when the container approaches it, thereby insuring that a malfunction will not open this gate and leave the container stranded in the tube due to a failure of pressure i.e., a pressure differential insufficient to move it along.
  • the container is supported in the tubes by rollers spaced along the tubes but not carried on the container, so that this container can be a simple shell.
  • the senor can be an electromagnetic coil which coacts with the steel shell of the container to detect its presence.
  • a simple mechanical lever system having an arm extending into the tube can be actuated on passage of the container to detect the presence of the container. It has been found to be advantageous to use this mechanical arrangement to back up the electromagnetic one so that a safe system iscreated.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus according to the invention with two transport tubes;
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section through one of the transport tubes
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-section taken along line A A, of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a longitudinal horizontal section through the transport tube at the suction chamber
  • FIG. is a cross-section through the transport tube and the container at the electromagnetic control unit;
  • FIG. 6 is a longitudinal section through the transport tube showing in enlarged scale the electromagnetic and the mechanical control units;
  • FIG. 7 is a longitudinal section through the force accumulator.
  • FIG. 8 is a longitudinal horizontal section through the transport tube at its downstream end.
  • the apparatus according to the invention consists, as shown in FIG. 1, of a plurality of transport sections 1 arranged is series after one another.
  • Each section 1 consists of a tube 11 on which are mounted a suction chamber 2 connected through a conduit 3 to the suction mouth of an exhaust fan 4, a check valve 5 operated by the intermediary of two force accumulators 6 and electromagnets 7 which are in turn controlled by an electromagnetic control unit 8.
  • the operation of check valve 5 by means of the same force accumulators 6 may also be performed by two mechanical control units 9, actuatable by a container 10 directly.
  • the mechanical controls 9 ensure the opening of check valve 5, if the electromagnetic unit 8 fails to operate owing to some accident.
  • the transport section 1 has a tube 11 formed of a number of commercial conduits or pipes connected end-to-end in any convenient airtight fashion, for instance with sleeve joints, so as to form a single tube 11 in which a plurality of rollers 12 are mounted by means of bolts 13 and airtight housings 14, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the housings 14 are secured to tube 11 by means of screws.
  • Each of the rollers 12 projects through a hole a formed in the wall of tube 11 and extends beyond the inner surface of this tube by a distance h so that the container, while running inside the tube 11, only engages the rollers 12 without touching the tube wall.
  • the rollers 12 are mounted in sets of three arranged in mutually orthogonal planes, one roller at the base of the tube 11 for supporting the weight of container 10, and two lateral ones'for guiding the container 10.
  • the spacing l between the sets of rollers 12 along the tube 11 is chosen dependent on the length l of the cylindrical portion of container 10 and is at most one half this length.
  • the tube 11 is further provided with a plurality of slots b at the suction chamber 2 so that air can be sucked out of this tube therethrough by the exhaust fan 4 for the requisite lowpressure zone at the tubes downstream end.
  • the check valve 5 is formed of a fixed part consisting of a pipe 15, a front wall 16 and two triangular walls 17 which are secured to one end of the tube 11 by means of screws.
  • the triangular walls 17 are welded to the front-wall 16, in horizontal position one above the other and spaced so as to allow the container 10 to pass between them.
  • Both the front wall 16 and the triangular walls 17 have bent edges provided with rubber packings 18.
  • the triangular walls are stiffened in the position shown by a rectangular frame 19.
  • the check valve 5 also contains two flaps 20 pivoted on respective axles 21, journaled in supports 22.
  • the movable flaps 20 leave an aperture s sufficient to let the container pass without hitting them.
  • the maximum size of the opening s is defined by rubber stops 25 which are fastened by screws to the rectangular frame 19.
  • the force accumulator 6, shown in FIG. 7, consists of a tubular housing 26 receiving a spring 27 and an end of a rod or bar 28 and connected to an eye 29.
  • the spring 27 is precompressed between the base of the element 26 and a disk carried on the element 28, the rest position being determined by the latter being locked be means of a countersunk screw 30 spanning a notch C out laterally in the threaded boss of the eye 29.
  • the tubular housing 26 is formed with a hole d which allows air to escape on a sudden tensioning of the spring 27.
  • armature 31 consists of a core 31 having a movable armature 32 and two coils 33, the whole assembly being covered by a protective housing 34 on which the two terminals e and fare mounted.
  • the electromagnetic sensor 8 which is shown in FIG. 5, consists of a transformer having a primary coil 35 whose terminals i and j are connected to a power source, a secondary coil 36, whose terminals k and m are connected to the terminals e and fof the electromagnet 7, and a U-shaped core 37.
  • a transformer having a primary coil 35 whose terminals i and j are connected to a power source, a secondary coil 36, whose terminals k and m are connected to the terminals e and fof the electromagnet 7, and a U-shaped core 37.
  • the mechanical control unit 9, shown in FIG. 6, consists of a two-arm lever 39 having at one end a roller 40.
  • the lever 39 pivots around a bolt 41, the pivoting angle being limited by two rubber stops 42.
  • the bolt 41 as well as the rubber stops 42 are fastened to a support 43 which is screwed to tube 11, the whole assembly being covered by another airtight housing 44.
  • connection between the movable armature 32 of electromagnet 7 and lever 39 is made by a cable 45, and between lever 39 and the bar 28 of force accumulator 6 by another cable 46.
  • the lever 39 extends inside transport tube 11 with roller 40 through a hole p so that container 10 engages and actuates it when passing thereunder.
  • the loaded container 10 is inserted in the upstream tube end.
  • Exhaust pumps 4 are operated to suck up the air from transport tubes 11, compelling it to circulate through the tube in a single sense from the open upstream end toward the suction chamber 2 and exhauster 4, this downstream end being closed by check valves 5.
  • the movable armatures 32 of electromagnets 7 will be attracted and will operate by means of cables 45 and 46 upon force accumulators 6, compressing spring 27 by means of bar 28.
  • the lever 39 of the mechanical sensor 9 will also rotate up to the rubber stop 42.
  • the spring 27 will act through the tubular housing 26 on the eyebolt 29 and therethrough on the cable 24 to pivot the flap 20 into the open position.
  • the flaps will not open up suddenly due to their relatively high inertia as well as to the low-pressure zone existing in transport tube 11 between the check valve and the container 10 at the moment when this latter is detected by electromagnetic sensor 8 and mechanical sensor 9.
  • the container 10 compresses the air captured in the transport tube 11 between the suction chamber 2 and the check valve 5, acting like a piston. Then the container will pass under without touching the rollers 40, since lever 39 is rotated by solenoid 31. As the pressure of the air compressed by the container rises toward atmospheric pressure to a level such that the force exerted by spring 27 can overcome the resistance of the flaps 20, these flaps will open and the front end of the container 10 will arrive at the level of the flaps, so that these latter will no longer be able to close. After the container passes entirely, the flaps 20 will close, firstly due to springs 23 which exert a relatively small closing force, and owing to the low pressure inside the transport tube ll permanently generated by exhauster 4.
  • the flaps 20 After the container passes the flaps 20, it will enter the following transport section 1 of the same system, starting again the cycle described above, but having by this time the initial speed reached on leaving the first tube.
  • the mechanical control unit 9 backs up the opening control of flaps 2G, in case of an accidental deficiency of the electric parts.
  • Container 10 by hitting with its conical front end against the rollers 40 of lever 39, rotates this lever 39 to tension the spring 27 by means of cable 46 and bar 28.
  • the check valve 5 In order to increase the opening safety of flaps 20, the check valve 5 is formed such that the flaps 20 in the closed position lie at an angle equal to the conicity of the containers front to that if the container hits them with its conical portion without previous control, they open up without damage and allow the passage of the container.
  • the plant presents the following advantages: It allows the transport with high speed of large weights of materials and goods; the useful conveyed quantity is a maximal one since the container is of simple construction and relatively light. Medium power stations instead of a single high-power station are used. In the construction of the plant it allows the use of helically welded tubes of large diameter. It presents a high degree of safety in transport. It does not pollute the atmosphere. It eliminates the influence of meterological factors in the transport. it contributes to decongesting the existing transport means and, finally, it allows the complete automation of the auxiliary loading and unloading operations.
  • Each tube 11 may have, as illustrated, a rearwardly flared entry bell disposed just ahead of the check valve of the preceding tube.
  • the vehicle 10 is preferably elongated with a bullet-shaped or streamlined end, the length of the vehicle exceeding the distance between the bell of a downstream tube and the check valve end of the preceding or upstream tube.
  • the outer periphery of the vehicle is geometrically similar to the cross-section of the tube in which it is received and this cross-section can be circular, rectangular or square.
  • Sleeve joints may mechanically connect the adjoining ends of successive tubes.
  • the suction chamber 2 surrounds each tube 11 and opens into the latter via axially extending slots angularly spaced about the tube.
  • a system for transporting an object comprising:
  • a plurality of in-line tube sections each including:
  • rollers mounted at a lower portion and- /or opposite lateral portions of each tube along the interior thereof and uniformly spaced along the entire length of the tube
  • a device proximal to but spaced from the downstream end of each of said tubes for creating a lowpressure zone between said downstream end and said object for drawing said object from each upstream end toward the respective downstream end of each tube;
  • each rollers being each sealingly mounted in housings external to said tubes with each roller penetrating through a hole formed along the wall of the tube, each tube comprises a pair of triangular walls which define with the respective flaps a normally closed gate, said walls being mounted on the downstream end of the respective tube, and means for pivoting each pair of flaps on the respective downstream end of a tube.
  • a system for transporting an object comprising:
  • a plurality of in-line tube sections each including:
  • rollers mounted at a lower portion and- /or opposite lateral portions of each tube along the interior thereof and uniformly spaced along the entire length of the tube, two flaps extending from the exterior toward one another to normally close said downstream of said tube by sealing engagement with one another, said tube being open at its upstream end;
  • a pivotal lever engageable with a leading portion of said object and connected to one of said elements for displacing same.
  • a system for transporting an object comprising a plurality of in-line tube sections each including:
  • the detecting means including:
  • At least one electromagnet mounted on said tube and generating a field extending into said tube, said object being at least partially ferromagnetic
  • said tubes are each provided with a plurality of rollers supportingly engageable with said object on passage of same through said tubes.
  • each tube is provided with a pair of such flaps and a pair of triangular walls coating therewith to form a gate, both of said flaps being connected to the detecting means.
  • the detecting means includes a two-arm lever pivoted on said tube and having one arm extending into said tube into the path of said object and another arm operatively connected to said flap.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Air Transport Of Granular Materials (AREA)
  • Branching, Merging, And Special Transfer Between Conveyors (AREA)
  • Refuse Collection And Transfer (AREA)
  • Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)
US345722A 1972-03-31 1973-03-28 Process and plant for pneumatic transport Expired - Lifetime US3870250A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RO70354A RO55679A2 (it) 1972-03-31 1972-03-31

Publications (1)

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US3870250A true US3870250A (en) 1975-03-11

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US345722A Expired - Lifetime US3870250A (en) 1972-03-31 1973-03-28 Process and plant for pneumatic transport

Country Status (9)

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US (1) US3870250A (it)
JP (1) JPS533556B2 (it)
CS (1) CS194672B2 (it)
DD (1) DD101638A5 (it)
FR (1) FR2178864B1 (it)
GB (1) GB1423305A (it)
IT (1) IT979111B (it)
RO (1) RO55679A2 (it)
SU (1) SU583731A3 (it)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4008865A (en) * 1975-09-25 1977-02-22 Sun Oil Company Of Pennsylvania Valve for pneumatic tube transporting system
US4182243A (en) * 1976-07-01 1980-01-08 Institutul National Pentru Creatie Stiintifica Si Tehnica - Increst Plant for pneumatic transport
US4231689A (en) * 1977-01-12 1980-11-04 Georgia Tech Research Institute Air-actuated pipeline transportation system with wheeled vehicles
CN108657723A (zh) * 2018-07-04 2018-10-16 西南铝业（集团）有限责任公司 导向装置
US10099868B1 (en) * 2017-04-20 2018-10-16 Otto Kierulff Da Costa Set of water pipes with capsules for heavy cargo and irrigation transportation system
US10220972B2 (en) * 2017-03-31 2019-03-05 The Boeing Company Vacuum volume reduction system and method for a vacuum tube vehicle station
US11319098B2 (en) * 2017-03-31 2022-05-03 The Boeing Company Vacuum volume reduction system and method with fluid fill assembly for a vacuum tube vehicle station
US11390470B1 (en) 2021-12-01 2022-07-19 Cooley Enterprises, LLC Clean energy integrated transportation system
US11565884B1 (en) 2021-12-01 2023-01-31 Cooley Enterprises, LLC Clean energy integrated transportation system using a track and cable
US11827249B2 (en) 2021-12-01 2023-11-28 Cooley Enterprises, LLC Clean energy integrated transportation system using a hydro system

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS549838Y2 (it) * 1975-10-02 1979-05-09
RO63927A2 (ro) * 1976-07-14 1980-07-15 Institutul National Pentru Creatie Stiintifica Si Tehnica,Ro Procedeu si instalatie pentru transport pneumatic

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US461535A (en) * 1891-10-20 Method of and means for transportation
US683141A (en) * 1900-12-10 1901-09-24 American Pneumatic Service Co Terminal for pneumatic-despatch apparatus.
US2601391A (en) * 1944-03-31 1952-06-24 Halpern Johannes Wolfgang Control system for pneumatic dispatch systems
US2784922A (en) * 1955-04-12 1957-03-12 Int Standard Electric Corp Pneumatic conveying system transmission tubes
US3332639A (en) * 1965-11-05 1967-07-25 Powers Regulator Co Control circuit
US3404638A (en) * 1965-07-21 1968-10-08 Lockheed Aircraft Corp High-speed ground transportation systems
US3438337A (en) * 1968-04-10 1969-04-15 Lawrence K Edwards High-speed ground transportation system

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US461535A (en) * 1891-10-20 Method of and means for transportation
US683141A (en) * 1900-12-10 1901-09-24 American Pneumatic Service Co Terminal for pneumatic-despatch apparatus.
US2601391A (en) * 1944-03-31 1952-06-24 Halpern Johannes Wolfgang Control system for pneumatic dispatch systems
US2784922A (en) * 1955-04-12 1957-03-12 Int Standard Electric Corp Pneumatic conveying system transmission tubes
US3404638A (en) * 1965-07-21 1968-10-08 Lockheed Aircraft Corp High-speed ground transportation systems
US3332639A (en) * 1965-11-05 1967-07-25 Powers Regulator Co Control circuit
US3438337A (en) * 1968-04-10 1969-04-15 Lawrence K Edwards High-speed ground transportation system

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4008865A (en) * 1975-09-25 1977-02-22 Sun Oil Company Of Pennsylvania Valve for pneumatic tube transporting system
US4182243A (en) * 1976-07-01 1980-01-08 Institutul National Pentru Creatie Stiintifica Si Tehnica - Increst Plant for pneumatic transport
US4231689A (en) * 1977-01-12 1980-11-04 Georgia Tech Research Institute Air-actuated pipeline transportation system with wheeled vehicles
US10220972B2 (en) * 2017-03-31 2019-03-05 The Boeing Company Vacuum volume reduction system and method for a vacuum tube vehicle station
US10745160B2 (en) * 2017-03-31 2020-08-18 The Boeing Company Vacuum volume reduction system for a vacuum tube vehicle station
US11319098B2 (en) * 2017-03-31 2022-05-03 The Boeing Company Vacuum volume reduction system and method with fluid fill assembly for a vacuum tube vehicle station
US10099868B1 (en) * 2017-04-20 2018-10-16 Otto Kierulff Da Costa Set of water pipes with capsules for heavy cargo and irrigation transportation system
CN108657723A (zh) * 2018-07-04 2018-10-16 西南铝业（集团）有限责任公司 导向装置
US11390470B1 (en) 2021-12-01 2022-07-19 Cooley Enterprises, LLC Clean energy integrated transportation system
US11565884B1 (en) 2021-12-01 2023-01-31 Cooley Enterprises, LLC Clean energy integrated transportation system using a track and cable
US11827249B2 (en) 2021-12-01 2023-11-28 Cooley Enterprises, LLC Clean energy integrated transportation system using a hydro system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2306847A1 (de) 1973-10-04
JPS533556B2 (it) 1978-02-07
DD101638A5 (it) 1973-11-12
JPS497978A (it) 1974-01-24
FR2178864A1 (it) 1973-11-16
DE2306847B2 (de) 1976-04-15
FR2178864B1 (it) 1976-05-21
IT979111B (it) 1974-09-30
SU583731A3 (ru) 1977-12-05
RO55679A2 (it) 1974-04-29
GB1423305A (en) 1976-02-04
CS194672B2 (en) 1979-12-31

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