US3869240A - Plastic films - Google Patents

Plastic films Download PDF

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Publication number
US3869240A
US3869240A US411826A US41182673A US3869240A US 3869240 A US3869240 A US 3869240A US 411826 A US411826 A US 411826A US 41182673 A US41182673 A US 41182673A US 3869240 A US3869240 A US 3869240A
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United States
Prior art keywords
roller
comb
profiling
bar
axis
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Expired - Lifetime
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US411826A
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English (en)
Inventor
John K P Mackie
Samuel Mcmeekin
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James Mackie and Sons Ltd
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James Mackie and Sons Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by James Mackie and Sons Ltd filed Critical James Mackie and Sons Ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/42—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like by cutting films into narrow ribbons or filaments or by fibrillation of films or filaments
    • D01D5/423—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like by cutting films into narrow ribbons or filaments or by fibrillation of films or filaments by fibrillation of films or filaments

Definitions

  • Apparatus for the profiling of films of synthetic organic polymers comprises a profiling comb and a roller which co-operates with it to form a nip for the passage of film to be profiled, the two members being yieldingly biased together and a spacer is provided which bears against the surface of the roller and is connected to the profiling comb in such a way that any deviations of the roller surface from the concentric react against the spacer so as to produce relative movement between the axis of the roller and the profiling comb and thus maintain the: width of the nip between the roller surface and the comb at a predetermined value.
  • the spacer is conveniently in the form of either one or two pairs of low-friction runners, each of which may be in the form of a small, light wheel turning in frictionless bearings.
  • the profiling comb is adjustably mounted within a frame to which the spacer is connected.
  • This frame may comprise a pair of end plates between which the comb is supported and which are interconnected by bars or rods, the end plates carrying two pairs of runners engaging the surface of the roller,
  • the comb may be supported by a bar carried in mountings capable of both linear adjustment towards and away from the roller and also of angular adjustment substantially about the axis of the bar.
  • the comb preferably comprises a number of equally spaced pins extending from a body and arrangements are described whereby the regularity and linearity of the tips of the pins may be adjusted.
  • the profiling of the film is achieved by means of a member which may be in the form of a roller whose cylindrical surface is formed with closely-spaced parallel surface ridges, or a static member, for example in the form of a comb comprising one or more rows of needles or the points of a serrated doctor blade.
  • the film to be profiled needs to be passed through a nip between the profiling member and co-operating member and the present invention is concerned with profiling arrangements in which one of the two co-operating members is in the form of a roller and the other is static i.e., does not rotate.
  • the profiling member is static and the co-operating member is a roller or in which the profiling member is a roller and the cooperating member is static, e.g., in the form of a plain doctor blade.
  • the film to be profiled may be only a few thousandths of an inch thick and the reduced thickness of film in the region of the profiled grooves is only a small fraction of this so that the two members have to be mounted in relation to one another with extreme accuracy.
  • great this accuracy may be, errors will still be introduced if the cylindrical surface of the roller is slightly eccentric in relation to its axis of rotation or if there are other irregularities in this cylindrical surface.
  • the profiling member and the co-operating member are yieldingly biased together and a spacer which bears against the surface of the roller is connected to the static member in such a way that any deviations of the roller surface from the concentric react against the spacer so as to produce relative movement between the axis of the roller and the static member and thus maintain the width of the nip between the roller surface and the static member at a predetermined value.
  • the yielding nature of the bias between the two members permits the very small degree of relative movement necessary to allow for irregularities in the cylindrical surface and thus to ensure a substantially constant setting of the static member in relation to the surface of the roller.
  • any slight irregularities in the surface of the roller produce very slight relative movement between the comb and the axis of the roller, thus maintaining a uniform setting between the comb and the surface of the roller.
  • the comb will normally be set to leave a small gap between the tips of the pins and the surface of the roller, but in some cases there may be light contact between the two.
  • the film will not be completely shredded but will be extremely thin along the bottoms of the grooves formed by the pins.
  • the profiling member is constituted by a comb or by a grooved roller
  • the axis of the roller is preferably fixed and the static member is movably mounted.
  • the cooperating roller may conveniently be constituted by the normal chill roller fitted close to the extrusion die and since, for normal purposes, no particular accuracy is required in this roller, minor eccentricities and other irregularities occur in practice and the effect of these is compensated for by an arrangement in accordance with the invention.
  • the two members are preferably biased together by a tension spring.
  • the spacer comprises either one or two pairs of low-friction runners, the runners of a pair being spaced apart in a direction parallel with the axis of the roller.
  • each runner is preferably in the form of a small, light wheel turning in frictionless bearings.
  • the operative surface of the spacer it is possible for the operative surface of the spacer to be constituted by a shoe of low-friction material which bears against the cylindrical surface of the roller over a relatively small arc, e.g. about 30. Such a shoe is susceptible to wear, however, and even a fraction ofa thousandth of an inch is frequently unacceptable in view of the great accuracy required. lt is for this reason that the use of the runners referred to above is preferred.
  • this preferably comprises a pair of end plates between which the static member is supported and which are interconnected by bars or rods, the end plates carrying two pairs of runners engaging the surface of the roller ahead of and behind the line of the static member as mentioned above.
  • the static member is conveniently supported by a bar carried in mountings capable of both linear adjustment towards and away from the roller and also of angular adjustment substantially about the axis of the bar.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the apparatus arranged immediately adjacent an extrusion die
  • FIG. 2 is an end view partly in section corresponding to FIG. 1;
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are detailed views showing alternative forms of support for a-profiling comb shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a detailed elevation, partly in section, of one end of the arrangement seen in FIG. 1.
  • the apparatus is situated immediately adjacent an extrusion die 1 from which a film 2, best seen in FIG. 2, is extruded onto a chill roller 3, the film passing around approximately one half the circumference of the roller and then leaving towards the right as seen at 2 in FIG. 2.
  • the chill roller 3 forms one of the cooperating members of the profiling apparatus, of which the other co-operating member is a profiling comb indicated generally as 5 in FIGS. 1 and 2 and shown broken away in FIG. 1. This comb engages the film 2 at the point where it comes into engagement with the surface of the roller 3 where it is still in a warm, soft state and produces a rigid profile of the type previously described and as indicated generally at 2" in FIG. 1.
  • the film 2 will be only a few thousandths of an inch thick and it is therefore important to maintain an accurate nip or setting between the comb 5 and the surface ofthe chill roller 3 despite any irregularities in the surface of the latter. It is the manner of achieving this which forms the subject matter of the present invention.
  • the comb comprises essentially a series of equally spaced pins 11 extending from a body 12 which is supported by a bar 13 of approximately rectangular cross section.
  • This bar is mounted in a frame comprising a I pair of similar end plates 14A and 14B interconnected by rods 16 (shown broken away in FIG. 1) and 17 to form a rigid assembly.
  • the end plates 14A and 14B carry runners 20 in the form of light wheels turning on frictionless bearings and engaging the surface of the chill roller 3 so as to maintain a constant spacing between the frame and the roller and hence between the comb 5 and the roller 3.
  • the presence of any eccentricity or other irregularity in the surface of the roller 3 will cause the frame as a whole to move in relation to the axis of the roller 3, as defined by its shaft 22.
  • the supporting bar 13 is formed at each end with an extension in the form of a shank which extends through a slot 26 in each end plate and then through a mounting block 27, against which it is locked by a nut 28.
  • the frame comprising the end plates 14A and 14B together with the connecting rods 16 and 17 is biased against the surface ofthe roller 3 by a tension spring 30 extending from the shank 25 at each end to a stud 32 extending from a plate in which the roller 3 is mounted, part of which is shown as 33.
  • the frame as a whole is carried by studs 35 forming an extension at each end of the rod 16 and each connected to a pivoted arm 37.
  • Provision of an elongated slot 36 in each arm 37 allows relative adjustment of the two ends of the frame at the time of initial setting up, so as to ensure that all four runners 20 are in contact with the surface of the roller 3. Only one of the arms 37 is seen in FIG. 1 and this is pivoted at 38 so as to allow the frame as a whole to be swung from its operating position as shown in FIG. 1 and in full lines in FIG. 2 to the dotted line position shown in FIG. 2 in which each arm 37 comes into engagement with a stop 40. In this position, the comb 5 is swung clear of the roller 3 to provide ready access to the extruder die 1, when necessary.
  • Each of the mounting blocks 27 by means of which the support bar 13 is carried is formed with a tapped hole 45 into which is screwed a bolt 46 which passes through a hole in a right angle bracket 47 welded to the respective end plate 14. Rotation of the bolt 46 adjusts the position of the mounting block 27, the bolt being held in the adjusted position by means of a pair of lock nuts 48 on either side of the bracket 47.
  • the presence of the slot 26 enables the bar 13 to move with the block 27 and thus to adjust the comb 5 towards and away from the surface ofthe chill roller 3.
  • the nip or setting between the comb 5 and the roller 3 can be adjusted in accordance with the thickness of the film to be profiled and the depth of profiling required.
  • Angular adjustments of the comb 5 are obtained by turning the bar 13 and the shank 25 and locking it in the required angular position by means of the nut 28 at each end in conjunction with a lockscrew 49 in the Block 27.
  • the screw 52 and the remainder of the intervening screws pass through plain holes in the support bar 13 and into tapped holes in the bracing bar 50 so that by tightening up an individual screw 52, a pull is exerted on the bracing bar 50.
  • the screws 51 exert a thrust on the bar 50 and the screws 52 exert a pull on the bar so that, by appropriate adjustment along the length of the bar, any localised distortions can be eliminated.
  • FIG. 4 shows an alternative arrangement for providing localised adjustment of the body 12 of the comb.
  • the pins are shown as being rather shorter and the bracing bar 50 is eliminated.
  • a series of similar, uniformly spaced screws one of which is shown as 55 pass through plain holes in the support bar 13 and into tapped holes in the body 12 of the comb.
  • the heads of the screws 55 are trapped between the body of the support bar 13 and a plate 56 which extends along the length of the bar 13 and is fixed to it at intervals by means of bolts 57 extending through locally thickened portions 58 of the plate 56.
  • the screws 55 are socket-headed and the plate 56 is formed with a series of holes 60 in register with the sockets in the screws, for the insertion of a key. Since the head of each screw is trapped so as to be incapable of axial movement, rotation of any one screw in one direction or the other exerts either a thrust or a pull on the body 12 of the comb so as to compensate for any localised distortions.
  • the comb in itself can be adjusted so as to be straight and uniform and its position in relation to the chill roller can also be adjusted with considerable accuracy both linearly and angularly.
  • the position of the runners in conjunction with the biasing springs 30 then ensures a uniform setting or nip leading to efficient profiling of the extruded film.
  • Apparatus for the profiling of films of synthetic organic polymers comprising a profiling member and a member co-operating with said profiling member to form a nip for the passage of film to be profiled, one of the said members being in the form of a roller having an axis and the other said member being static, means mounting said members in co-operating relationship whereby said members are yieldingly biased together and a spacer member, said spacer member bearing against the surface of said roller and being connected to said static member in such a way that any deviations of said roller surface from the concentric react against said spacer member so as to produce relative movement between said axis of said roller and said static member whereby to maintain the width of said nip between said roller surface and said static member at a predetermined value.
  • said spacer member comprises at least one pair of lowfriction runners, the runners of said pair being spaced apart in a direction parallel with the axis of said roller,
  • each said runner is in the form of a small, light wheel and includler in co-operating relationship to form a nip for the passage of film to be profiled
  • said mounting means for said comb comprising a frame having a pair of end plates, rods connecting said end plates and means ad- 5 justably mounting said comb between said end plates for movement towards and away from said roller, means yieldingly biasing said frame towards said roller and a spacer member, said spacer member bearing against the surface of said roller and being connected to said frame in such a way that any deviations of said roller surface from the concentric react against said spacer member so as to produce relative movement between said axis of said roller and said comb whereby to maintain the width of said nip between said roller surface and said comb at a predetermined value.
  • said spacer member comprises at least one pair of lowfriction runners, the runners of said pair being spaced apart in a direction parallel with the axis of said roller.
  • each said runner is in the form ofa small, light wheel and including frictionless bearings for said wheel.
  • Apparatus according to claim 9 including a bar supporting said comb, mountings carrying said bar and means for adjusting said mountings whereby said bar is capable both of linear adjustment towards and away from said roller and also of angular adjustment substantially about the axis of said bar.
  • said comb comprises a body, a plurality of equally spaced pins having tips, said pins extending from said body and a bracing bar having accurately pitched grooves along its length corresponding to the correct spacing of said pins, said bracing bar bearing against said pins close to said tips, whereby said pins are located by said grooves.
  • said support bar is formed with a plurality of uniformly spaced holes, alternate holes being plain and tapped, a plurality of screws in said holes, alternate screws engaging said tapped holes and abutting the surface of said bracing bar and intervening screws passing through said plain holes and into tapped holes formed in said bracing bar, whereby said bracing bar is adjustable.
  • said comb comprises a body, a plurality of equally spaced pins extending from said body, said support bar being formed with a plurality of plain holes, a plurality of screws passing through said plain holes and into tapped holes in said body, and a cover plate overlying said screws whereby said screws are trapped between said support bar and said cover plate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
US411826A 1972-11-07 1973-11-01 Plastic films Expired - Lifetime US3869240A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB5123372A GB1445984A (en) 1972-11-07 1972-11-07 Plastic films

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3869240A true US3869240A (en) 1975-03-04

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ID=10459170

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US411826A Expired - Lifetime US3869240A (en) 1972-11-07 1973-11-01 Plastic films

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US (1) US3869240A (en:Method)
JP (1) JPS504329A (en:Method)
DE (1) DE2354852A1 (en:Method)
FR (1) FR2205393B3 (en:Method)
GB (1) GB1445984A (en:Method)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4090835A (en) * 1976-06-01 1978-05-23 The Steelastic Company Apparatus for applying an elastomeric edge to a sheet of elastomeric fabric
US4299789A (en) * 1978-04-26 1981-11-10 Uniroyal Ltd. Roller die extruder and method of use
CN109732804A (zh) * 2019-01-25 2019-05-10 维希艾防锈新材料(上海)有限公司 环保型防锈母粒生产用高分散度挤出设备及防锈母粒

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1542833A (en) * 1924-01-26 1925-06-23 Thomson Machine Company Roll-molding machine
US1550696A (en) * 1922-12-26 1925-08-25 Charles W Hardwick Brickmaking machinery
US1580154A (en) * 1925-08-01 1926-04-13 Willis B Neher Apparatus for the manufacture of rough-texture brick
US3497321A (en) * 1965-05-22 1970-02-24 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Aggregating fine-granular mineral salt materials

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1550696A (en) * 1922-12-26 1925-08-25 Charles W Hardwick Brickmaking machinery
US1542833A (en) * 1924-01-26 1925-06-23 Thomson Machine Company Roll-molding machine
US1580154A (en) * 1925-08-01 1926-04-13 Willis B Neher Apparatus for the manufacture of rough-texture brick
US3497321A (en) * 1965-05-22 1970-02-24 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Aggregating fine-granular mineral salt materials

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4090835A (en) * 1976-06-01 1978-05-23 The Steelastic Company Apparatus for applying an elastomeric edge to a sheet of elastomeric fabric
US4299789A (en) * 1978-04-26 1981-11-10 Uniroyal Ltd. Roller die extruder and method of use
CN109732804A (zh) * 2019-01-25 2019-05-10 维希艾防锈新材料(上海)有限公司 环保型防锈母粒生产用高分散度挤出设备及防锈母粒

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2205393A1 (en:Method) 1974-05-31
GB1445984A (en) 1976-08-11
JPS504329A (en:Method) 1975-01-17
DE2354852A1 (de) 1974-05-09
FR2205393B3 (en:Method) 1976-09-24

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