US3868851A - Apparatus for determining the tensile stress in a continuously moving web of material - Google Patents

Apparatus for determining the tensile stress in a continuously moving web of material Download PDF

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Publication number
US3868851A
US3868851A US416348A US41634873A US3868851A US 3868851 A US3868851 A US 3868851A US 416348 A US416348 A US 416348A US 41634873 A US41634873 A US 41634873A US 3868851 A US3868851 A US 3868851A
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United States
Prior art keywords
channel
web
disposed
chambers
orifices
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Expired - Lifetime
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US416348A
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English (en)
Inventor
Eberhard Breyer
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G9/00—Other accessories for paper-making machines
    • D21G9/0009—Paper-making control systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B38/00—Methods or devices for measuring, detecting or monitoring specially adapted for metal-rolling mills, e.g. position detection, inspection of the product
    • B21B38/06—Methods or devices for measuring, detecting or monitoring specially adapted for metal-rolling mills, e.g. position detection, inspection of the product for measuring tension or compression
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/04—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring tension in flexible members, e.g. ropes, cables, wires, threads, belts or bands
    • G01L5/08—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring tension in flexible members, e.g. ropes, cables, wires, threads, belts or bands using fluid means

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An apparatus for measuring the tensile stress of a continuously moving gas and liquid impermeable web of material, including a pair of spaced apart rollers disposed below the web for deflecting the web of material; an elongated enclosed channel disposed between the rollers below the web having an axial length which is at least as great as the width of the web and an opening disposed therebeneath; a plurality of orifices disposed in the channel coupled to means for supplying a gas under constant pressure thereto for forming a static pressure cushion between the web and the channel; and measuring means disposed in the channel for measuring the pressure therein.
  • the improvement of the invention comprises a plurality of triangular shaped chambers which are axially disposed in series in the channel.
  • Each of the chambers includes a partition member disposed parallel to the direction of movement of the web which forms at least one wall of each of the triangular shaped chambers.
  • Selected ones of the chambers disposed at the outermost axial ends of the channel are provided with additional orifices communicative with the channel and coupled to means for controlling the supply of gas thereto from the channel, for compensating for gas losses at the latcral edges of the web.
  • the invention relates generally to stress measurement devices, and in particular to an apparatus for determining the tensile stress of a continuously moving gas and liquid impermeable web of material by means of pressure measurement.
  • Tensile stress measuring devices are known in the prior art, and generally comprise an elongated channel which has an axial length which is at least as great as the width of the continuously moving web of material beneath which it is disposed.
  • This channel has an opening which is subdivided by partition members into a plurality of serial chambers each of which open towards the underside of the web of material.
  • a pressure measurement device such as a manometer, is coupled to the chambers to measure the pressure produced therein by a gas supplied to the channel at a constant pressure.
  • a plurality of orifices disposed in each chamber eject the gas towards the bottom side of the web so as to cause a gap to be formed between the moving web of material and the channel chambers. Since the volume of gas fed to the chambers is equal to the volume of gas flowing from the chambers through the described gap, a static pressure cushion supporting the web is formed.
  • the axial length of the chambers must be greater than that necessary to produce a sufficient static pressure cushion for webs of paper or foil material.
  • cold rolling mill devices can require that the ratio of the width of the web of material with respect to the axial length of the channel chambers be approximately :15 Gas losses at the lateral edges of the web must therefore be compensated for in such cases so that when the web is in a perfectly plane condition a uniform static pressure distribution in the gas cushion is produced for the channel chambers covered by the web of material.
  • an apparatus for measuring the tensile stress of a continuously moving gas and liquid impermeable web of material which includes a pair of rollers disposed therebeneath for deflecting the web of material, an elongated enclosed channel disposed between the rollers below the web having an axial length at least as great as the width of the web and an opening disposed therebeneath.
  • a plurality of first orifices disposed in the channel opening are coupled to means for supplying a gas to the channel under constant pressure and forming a static pressue cushion between the web and the channel opening.
  • Means for measuring the static pressure cushion in the channel opening is also disposed therein.
  • the improvement of the invention comprises a plurality of triangular shaped chambers axially disposed in series in the channel opening which each include a partition member disposed parallel to the direction of movement of the web transverse to the channel axis which forms at least one wall of each of the channel chambers.
  • Selected ones of the chambers disposed at the axial ends of the channel include a plurality of additional orifices, communicative with the channel and spaced apart from the first orifices, which are coupled to means for selectively controlling the supply of gas to said additional orifices from said chamber.
  • FIG. 1 is a top, plan, schematic view of one embodiment of an apparatus for measuring the tensile stress of a continuously moving web of material constructed according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a partial, cross-sectional view of the measuring apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a partial, top, plan, schematic view of another embodiment of a measuring apparatus constructed according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial, top, plan, schematic view of the measuring apparatus illustrated in FIG. 3, showing the apparatus displaced axially with respect to the web of material.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 there is shown one embodiment of a measuring apparatus constructed according to the invention comprising a pair of spaced apart rollers 2 and 3 separated by a predetermined distance A and disposed below a
  • the length of the channel in the axial direction is at least as great as the width of the web of material 1.
  • Chambers 5 each include a partition member 6 which is disposed transverse to the axis of the channel and parallel to the direction of movement of the web.
  • Diagonal partition members 6a are disposed between adjacent partition members 6 to form the triangular shaped chambers 5. As illustrated in FIG. 1, adjacent partition members 6 form adjacent chambers 5 therebetween.
  • a plurality of calibrated, tapered orifices 8 are disposed in the bottom portion of each of chambers 5 of the channel and admit gas from channel 4 to the underside of web 1. These orifices are disposed at opposing ends of adjacent chamber pairs.
  • Means, illustrated as blower 9, coupled to channel 4, supplies a gas under constant pressure thereto and orifices 8 so as to produce a static pressure cushion between channel 4 and the web of material.
  • the blower distributes the gas throughout channel 4 so that the same constant pressure exists at the orifices in each of chambers 5.
  • the pressure cushion is produced by the gas between the web of material and those chambers of the channel which are completely covered by the web of material, and lifts the web of material above the channel to form a gap 10 therebetween.
  • the cushion pressure moves the web against a normal force produced by the tension forces acting thereon so that the volume of gas flowing into chambers 5 through orifices 8 is equal to the volume of gas flowing out of gap la between the web and the channel.
  • the static pressure of the described gas cushion is a function of the tensile stress prevailing in the web of material which extends over at least the width thereof, and that the distribution of the static pressure over the width of the web is a conformal image of the tensile stress.
  • Continuity conditions for the gas flowing from gap 1a dictate that the ratio of the volume of gas which must be supplied to compensate for lateral web edge losses at the axially outermost chamber 5 covered by web 1 with respect to the volume of gas supplied to each individual chamber must be equal to the ratio of the length of the side of each chamber 5 which is parallel to the direction of movement of the web, i.e., the length of members 6, and the side of each chamber disposed perpendicular thereto namely, the ratio b/a.
  • Means for measuring the static pressure cushion such as, for example, a manometer, in the channel opening is coupled to a remote pressure sensing means, illustrated as measuring tubes 10 and coupling lines 11, disposed in chambers 5.
  • the tensile stress in the web of material can be determined from an accurate representation of the stress distribution by the static pressure in the gas cushion when the ratio of the width B of the web of material with respect to the length b in the axial direction of each chamber (B/b) is greater than or equal to 30 since the lateral edge gas loss is negligible.
  • the ratio B/b is, however, substantially less than 30, the described lateral edge gas loss must be compensated for by additional gas supplied to the chambers of the channel which are the axially outermost covered by the web.
  • chambers 5 of the channel at the outermost ends thereof are provided with additional orifices 12 which are communicative with channel 4 and spaced apart from orifices 8.
  • valve 15 is opened to admit gas to the underside of the web of material through orifices 12.
  • adjacent partition members 6 form adjacent pairs of chambers 5. As shown in FIG.
  • the selected chambers 5' comprise only one chamber of any such adjacent pair.
  • Measuring tube 10 is disposed in the other chamber of any such pair including a selected chamber 5 so that the static pressure measurement is not affected by the additional gas admitted by orifices 12 to the underside of web 1. Since the determination of tensile stress in a web of material may be required over a wide range of widths, it is preferable to provide several chambers 5 at the outer axial ends of the channel.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate another embodiment of the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1 in which the selected chambers are spaced apart by a distance which is at least equal to the width a of the chambers.
  • web 1 has a width B which covers selected chambers 17 and 17'. Accordingly, the valve disks 15 of the housings which are coupled to these chambers are opened to admit gas through orifices 12 to the underside of web 1.
  • FIG. 3 also illustrates the minimum and maximum web widths max. B and min. B which can be utilized. If the width of the web of material is to be varied by, for example, two to four chamber widths (a), channel 4 is shifted axially transverse to the direction of travel of the web of material.
  • a strip of width B 2a for example, then covers chamber 18 at one end of the channel and chamber 17 at the other end thereof.
  • the valves for chambers 17 and 18 are then opened to permit gas to flow through orifices 12. Because such a web has a greater width, it spans a greater number of chambers, and consequently, 6 instead of 5 measuring tubes are available to measure the gas pressure below the web of material.
  • the apparatus of the invention provides numerous advantages over prior art devices.
  • the flow resistance of the valve means disposed below orifices 12 is negligible compared to the pressure of the gas supplied to the channel by blower 9. Consequently, the dimensions and number of orifices 12 required can be determined in an extremely accurate manner as a function of the ratio of the length of the sides of the chambers. Simple manufacturing methods can thus be utilized to implement the provision of these additional orifices. This precludes the necessity and expense of readjusting the orifices in accordance with sample measurements of the pressure and gas flow rate.
  • An apparatus for measuring the tensile stress of a continuously moving gas and liquid impermeable web of material including a pair of rollers disposed therebeneath for deflecting the web of material, an elongated enclosed channel disposed between the rollers below the web having an axial length at least as great as the width of the web and an opening disposed therebeneath, a plurality of first orifices disposed in the channel opening, means coupled to the channel for supply ing a gas thereto and to said orifices under contant pressure and thereby forming a static pressure cushion between the web and the channel opening, and means disposed in the channel opening for measuring the pressure of the cushion, the improvement comprising:
  • a plurality of triangular shaped chambers axially disposed in series in said channel opening, and each including a partition member disposed parallel to the direction of movement of the web which forms at least one wall of each of said chambers, selected ones of said chambers at the axial ends of said channel including a plurality of additional orifices communicative with said channel and spaced apart from said first orifices; and means, coupled to said selected chambers, for selectively controlling the supply of said gas to said additional orifices from said channel.
  • said means for controlling the supply of gas to said additional orifices comprises a housing disposed below said additional orifices of each of said selected chambers and coupled thereto, including an opening communicative with said additional orifices, and displaceable valve means, disposed adjacent said housing opening for con trolling the admittance of said gas to said housing and said additional orifices from said channel.
  • said pressure measuring means includes remote pressure sensing means, said sensing means being disposed in the other of said chambers of any adjacent pair including said one selected chamber.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
  • Controlling Rewinding, Feeding, Winding, Or Abnormalities Of Webs (AREA)
US416348A 1972-11-22 1973-11-16 Apparatus for determining the tensile stress in a continuously moving web of material Expired - Lifetime US3868851A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2257253A DE2257253A1 (de) 1972-11-22 1972-11-22 Vorrichtung zur erfassung von zugspannungen in durchlaufenden materialbahnen

Publications (1)

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US3868851A true US3868851A (en) 1975-03-04

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US416348A Expired - Lifetime US3868851A (en) 1972-11-22 1973-11-16 Apparatus for determining the tensile stress in a continuously moving web of material

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US (1) US3868851A (US06168776-20010102-C00028.png)
JP (1) JPS4984482A (US06168776-20010102-C00028.png)
AT (1) AT345588B (US06168776-20010102-C00028.png)
BE (1) BE807391R (US06168776-20010102-C00028.png)
CA (1) CA988740A (US06168776-20010102-C00028.png)
CH (1) CH560385A5 (US06168776-20010102-C00028.png)
DE (1) DE2257253A1 (US06168776-20010102-C00028.png)
ES (1) ES420721A2 (US06168776-20010102-C00028.png)
FR (1) FR2208115B2 (US06168776-20010102-C00028.png)
GB (1) GB1381590A (US06168776-20010102-C00028.png)
IT (1) IT1046834B (US06168776-20010102-C00028.png)
NL (1) NL7314441A (US06168776-20010102-C00028.png)
PL (1) PL84655B3 (US06168776-20010102-C00028.png)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4301687A (en) * 1980-05-19 1981-11-24 Computer Peripherals, Inc. Pneumatic tension sensor
WO1986001890A1 (en) * 1984-09-10 1986-03-27 Per Roode Berglund A non-contact web tension meter
US4809527A (en) * 1985-09-20 1989-03-07 Mitchell Randolph N Shapemetering apparatus for continuous monitoring and/or correction of the profile and flatness of rolled metal strip and the like
US4842177A (en) * 1983-12-02 1989-06-27 International Business Machines Corporation Air bearing tape support for guiding tape and sensing tape tension
WO2001006241A1 (en) * 1999-07-15 2001-01-25 Metso Paper Automation Oy Arrangement for measuring properties of a moving paper web

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4428078A1 (de) * 1994-08-09 1996-02-15 Froehling Josef Gmbh Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Messen von Bandspannungen

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2728223A (en) * 1952-05-24 1955-12-27 Champion Paper & Fibre Company Web tension measuring apparatus
US3201985A (en) * 1961-06-07 1965-08-24 British Cellophane Ltd Web tension measuring devices
US3779074A (en) * 1971-03-10 1973-12-18 Siemens Ag Apparatus for measuring tensile stresses in continuously fed webs of material

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2728223A (en) * 1952-05-24 1955-12-27 Champion Paper & Fibre Company Web tension measuring apparatus
US3201985A (en) * 1961-06-07 1965-08-24 British Cellophane Ltd Web tension measuring devices
US3779074A (en) * 1971-03-10 1973-12-18 Siemens Ag Apparatus for measuring tensile stresses in continuously fed webs of material

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4301687A (en) * 1980-05-19 1981-11-24 Computer Peripherals, Inc. Pneumatic tension sensor
EP0040464A1 (en) * 1980-05-19 1981-11-25 Computer Peripherals Inc. A fluid bearing
US4842177A (en) * 1983-12-02 1989-06-27 International Business Machines Corporation Air bearing tape support for guiding tape and sensing tape tension
WO1986001890A1 (en) * 1984-09-10 1986-03-27 Per Roode Berglund A non-contact web tension meter
US4711133A (en) * 1984-09-10 1987-12-08 Per Roode Berglund Non-contact web tension meter
US4809527A (en) * 1985-09-20 1989-03-07 Mitchell Randolph N Shapemetering apparatus for continuous monitoring and/or correction of the profile and flatness of rolled metal strip and the like
WO2001006241A1 (en) * 1999-07-15 2001-01-25 Metso Paper Automation Oy Arrangement for measuring properties of a moving paper web
US20020104637A1 (en) * 1999-07-15 2002-08-08 Metso Paper Automation Oy Arrangement for measuring properties of a moving paper web
US7001485B2 (en) 1999-07-15 2006-02-21 Metso Automation Oy Arrangement for measuring properties of a moving paper web

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4984482A (US06168776-20010102-C00028.png) 1974-08-14
FR2208115B2 (US06168776-20010102-C00028.png) 1976-06-25
CH560385A5 (US06168776-20010102-C00028.png) 1975-03-27
IT1046834B (it) 1980-07-31
NL7314441A (US06168776-20010102-C00028.png) 1974-05-27
ES420721A2 (es) 1977-06-16
CA988740A (en) 1976-05-11
DE2257253A1 (de) 1974-05-30
PL84655B3 (US06168776-20010102-C00028.png) 1976-04-30
AT345588B (de) 1978-09-25
FR2208115A2 (US06168776-20010102-C00028.png) 1974-06-21
BE807391R (fr) 1974-05-16
GB1381590A (en) 1975-01-22
ATA876473A (de) 1978-01-15

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