US3201985A - Web tension measuring devices - Google Patents

Web tension measuring devices Download PDF

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Publication number
US3201985A
US3201985A US197426A US19742662A US3201985A US 3201985 A US3201985 A US 3201985A US 197426 A US197426 A US 197426A US 19742662 A US19742662 A US 19742662A US 3201985 A US3201985 A US 3201985A
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United States
Prior art keywords
web
gaseous
pressure
tension
arcuate surface
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Expired - Lifetime
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US197426A
Inventor
Williams Kenneth Sydney
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British Cellophane Ltd
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British Cellophane Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/04—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring tension in flexible members, e.g. ropes, cables, wires, threads, belts or bands
    • G01L5/08—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring tension in flexible members, e.g. ropes, cables, wires, threads, belts or bands using fluid means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H23/00—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs
    • B65H23/04—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs longitudinally
    • B65H23/044—Sensing web tension

Definitions

  • This invention relates to web tension measuring devices.
  • a movable membenfor'example a roller mounted at the end of a pivoted arm is urged by weights or spring pressure against the web.
  • the resistance olfered by the web balances the force ap plied to the member, the. position of the member with respect to a fixed datum point is a measure of the web tension.
  • Such a device requires the provision ofv moving mechanical linkage and; accommodation for springs or weights and is a cumbersome mechanism to incorporate in Web-handling machinery.
  • positive contact by the member with the web is an essential feature of the operation of the device, it cannot readily be used with fragile webs or webs that are wet with ink or coating compositions.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved web tension measuring device in which the tension of a web canbe measured without contacting the web with a solid surface.
  • the present invention includes an apparatus for measuring the tension in a web which apparatus comprises an arcuate surface around which the web is passed, the arcuate surface having apertures through which a gaseous medium can be supplied under pressure to provide a supporting gaseous cushion between the under surface of the web and the arcuate surface, a supply means for continuously supplying the gaseous medium under pressure to the apertures and one or more pressure measuring devices for determining the pressure of the gaseous medium in the gaseous cushion at one or more selected points.
  • the arcuate surface should have sufiicient surface area to permit of a change in direction of the Web through an angle of at least 40 and up to 180 as it passes round the arcuate surface and the apertures are preferably arranged in two or more rows in a direction transverse to the path of the web.
  • face is provided by a tubular member having a series of holes drilled through the tube wall in the area of the surface over which the web passes and gaseous medium, for example air, is supplied under pressure to the interior of the tube.
  • gaseous medium for example air
  • the web is entirely supported by the gaseous cushion as it passes round the arcuate surface.
  • the pressure of gaseous medium (P) at a point in the gaseous cushion may, for practical purposes be related to the tension per unit width (T) in the web immediately above the point of pressure determination by the expression the arcuate surwhere R is the radius of the arcuate surface.
  • a convenient method of determining the pressure of the gaseous medium at a selected point in the gaseous cushion is to provide a hole in the arcuate surface at a. convenient point beneath the web and connect the hole United States Patent by means of a pipe to a manometer or other conventional pressure measuring or indicating device when the pressure recorded will be a measure of the tension in the web immediately above the hole.
  • the apparatus is particularly useful for measuring the tension in a travelling web such as a sheet of cellulose film where the tension may vary at one or more points across the web due to tight or slack longitudinal lanes in the film.
  • Such lanes are particularly troublesome in the manufacture of cellulose film as they prevent the film from lying flat in a transverse direction and cause creasing and other troubles when the film is fed to printing machines or converting machinery such as bagmaking machines. ing drying after wet processing when the drying apparatus is working inefiiciently.
  • the apparatus according to the invention is capable of measuring the tension in any stationary or travelling web capable of being supported by the gaseous cushion out of contact with the arcuate surface.
  • Solid webs such as cellulose film, films of plastic materials, paper, metallic foil and the like are readily supported by a gaseous cushion; so also are semi porous webs such as bonded fibre fabrics or closely woven materials when the supply of gaseous medium through the apertures in the arcuate surface is far in excess of the loss of the medium through the web.
  • the apparatus cannot be used for measuring the tension in open mesh webs such as loosely Woven fabrics.
  • the web tension is measured without the web ever coming into contact with a solid surface thus avoiding scratching of the web which often occurs when conventional web tension measuring apparatus is employed.
  • the measurement of tension may be carried out on webs which are freshly printed or treated with a wet coating or sizing composition without the print, the coating or the sizing being smeared or otherwise affected.
  • the invention also includes a method for measuring the tension in a web which method comprises passing the web around an arcuate surface, maintaining the web out of contact with the arcuate surface by means of a gaseous cushion formed by continuously supplying a gaseous medium under pressure to the space between the web and the arcuate surface and measuring the pressure of the gaseous medium within the gaseous cushion at one or more selected points.
  • Example perspective view of a second form of Patented Aug. 24, 1965 They usually appear'in the film dur- 3, '4 of holes S one millimetre in diameter" and sp one inch'apart in each row'2, 3, 4.
  • test-holes 10 are" provided at intervals of inches.- Eachvtest -hole 10 is connected independent-x, ly to one of six manometers 12 inount'ed sideby side on.
  • eachi-manometer 12 will be a measure of the tension ini'the film 8 passing- 1 12 is, for convenience, calibrated in; v
  • a supply means for continuously supplying the gaseous medium under pressure to Ithe' -interior ofthe tubular member

Description

Aug. 24, 1965 s. WILLIAMS WEB TENSION MEASURING DEVICES Filed May .24, 1962 WEB TENSION MEASURING DEVICES Kenneth Sydney Williams, Bridgwater, Somerset, England, assignor to British Cellophane Limited, Bridgwater, Somerset, England, a British company Filed May 24, 1962, Ser. No. 197,426 Claims priority, application Great Britain, June 7, 1961,
20,600/61 4-Claims. (Cl. 73-143) 7 This invention relates to web tension measuring devices.
In aknown device for measuring the tension in a stationary or travelling web stretched between two spaced supports, a movable membenfor'example a roller mounted at the end of a pivoted arm, is urged by weights or spring pressure against the web. At equilibrium, when the resistance olfered by the web balances the force ap plied to the member, the. position of the member with respect to a fixed datum point is a measure of the web tension. Such a device, however, requires the provision ofv moving mechanical linkage and; accommodation for springs or weights and is a cumbersome mechanism to incorporate in Web-handling machinery. Further, since positive contact by the member with the web is an essential feature of the operation of the device, it cannot readily be used with fragile webs or webs that are wet with ink or coating compositions.
The object of the present invention is to provide an improved web tension measuring device in which the tension of a web canbe measured without contacting the web with a solid surface.
Accordingly, the present invention includes an apparatus for measuring the tension in a web which apparatus comprises an arcuate surface around which the web is passed, the arcuate surface having apertures through which a gaseous medium can be supplied under pressure to provide a supporting gaseous cushion between the under surface of the web and the arcuate surface, a supply means for continuously supplying the gaseous medium under pressure to the apertures and one or more pressure measuring devices for determining the pressure of the gaseous medium in the gaseous cushion at one or more selected points.
The arcuate surface should have sufiicient surface area to permit of a change in direction of the Web through an angle of at least 40 and up to 180 as it passes round the arcuate surface and the apertures are preferably arranged in two or more rows in a direction transverse to the path of the web.
In a peferred form of the apparatus, face is provided by a tubular member having a series of holes drilled through the tube wall in the area of the surface over which the web passes and gaseous medium, for example air, is supplied under pressure to the interior of the tube.
It is an essential feature of the invention that the web is entirely supported by the gaseous cushion as it passes round the arcuate surface. Under these circumstances, the pressure of gaseous medium (P) at a point in the gaseous cushion may, for practical purposes be related to the tension per unit width (T) in the web immediately above the point of pressure determination by the expression the arcuate surwhere R is the radius of the arcuate surface.
A convenient method of determining the pressure of the gaseous medium at a selected point in the gaseous cushion is to provide a hole in the arcuate surface at a. convenient point beneath the web and connect the hole United States Patent by means of a pipe to a manometer or other conventional pressure measuring or indicating device when the pressure recorded will be a measure of the tension in the web immediately above the hole.
The apparatus is particularly useful for measuring the tension in a travelling web such as a sheet of cellulose film where the tension may vary at one or more points across the web due to tight or slack longitudinal lanes in the film. Such lanes are particularly troublesome in the manufacture of cellulose film as they prevent the film from lying flat in a transverse direction and cause creasing and other troubles when the film is fed to printing machines or converting machinery such as bagmaking machines. ing drying after wet processing when the drying apparatus is working inefiiciently.
By employing the apparatus in accordance with the invention, it is possible to watch continuously the tension at a number of spaced points across a web of cellulose film leaving a drying apparatus by independently measuring the pressure of the gaseous medium in the gaseous cushion supporting the film at these points. Any slack or tight lanes are readily observed by comparison of the readings and appropriate adjustments can be made to the drying machine. The presence of a slack lane is indicated by a low pressure reading and a tight lane by a high pressure reading.
The apparatus according to the invention is capable of measuring the tension in any stationary or travelling web capable of being supported by the gaseous cushion out of contact with the arcuate surface. Solid webs such as cellulose film, films of plastic materials, paper, metallic foil and the like are readily supported by a gaseous cushion; so also are semi porous webs such as bonded fibre fabrics or closely woven materials when the supply of gaseous medium through the apertures in the arcuate surface is far in excess of the loss of the medium through the web. However, the apparatus cannot be used for measuring the tension in open mesh webs such as loosely Woven fabrics.
The web tension is measured without the web ever coming into contact with a solid surface thus avoiding scratching of the web which often occurs when conventional web tension measuring apparatus is employed. also the measurement of tension may be carried out on webs which are freshly printed or treated with a wet coating or sizing composition without the print, the coating or the sizing being smeared or otherwise affected.
The invention also includes a method for measuring the tension in a web which method comprises passing the web around an arcuate surface, maintaining the web out of contact with the arcuate surface by means of a gaseous cushion formed by continuously supplying a gaseous medium under pressure to the space between the web and the arcuate surface and measuring the pressure of the gaseous medium within the gaseous cushion at one or more selected points.
Example perspective view of a second form of Patented Aug. 24, 1965 They usually appear'in the film dur- 3, '4 of holes S one millimetre in diameter" and sp one inch'apart in each row'2, 3, 4. The rota/ 2;}, 4"
are spacedone and: a half inches apart. Compressed air at arpressure of three poundsper square inchisi supplied to the interiorrof thetube 1 bya pump 6rthrough'a snpply i pipe 7 "and on passing through the. holes 5 s}1'ppor ts fa travelling cellulosefilmfi forty eight: inches in 'width-on r I through an angle of 90; 7
one eighth 'of an inch in diameter, isdrille'd throughq'the; wall ofj'the .tube 1 and is connected by a pipe 11 to}! manometer 12. The manometer" 1 2' wi1l v mleasl lre the pressure of theairlin thecushion 9Tadjacent the test hole, 10 and as thisfvalue is related to t-he tension in' the film 8 the manometer units of tension. r v. v -1 r J;
'In FIGURE 3, the apparatus lisfidentical with that;
series of six test-holes 10 are" provided at intervals of inches.- Eachvtest -hole 10 is connected independent-x, ly to one of six manometers 12 inount'ed sideby side on.
andisplay panel 1 3. .The reading oi eachi-manometer 12 will be a measure of the tension ini'the film 8 passing- 1 12 is, for convenience, calibrated in; v
4'of holes S, and in line with the row 3, atest holerltl which the web spassed, theiarcuate surface having ap'er ha th ou h which as scpus m mca be i pp under pressure to provide asupporting gaseous cushion between theundersurface of the web and the. arcuatezsurface,: a'asupply meansyfor continuously supplying the gaseous medium runderfpressure to the apertures, the arcuate-fsurface.having at least twotesteholes spaced apart g enerally transveris ely=ofithe web for communicating with- 'thegaseou's'cushi J v nected with" each itestQhple for determining ,the pressure and apressure measuring device con-n of the gaseous medium-Jinhthewigas'eous' cushion inlthe vicinity -of I the "test-hole? 1 ZLAn' apparatus as-claimed in clainfl in which ap- 1 paratusthe aperturesare arranged in.at least two .rows 15 in 'a' direction transverseto the path of the'zweb; 1 3;, An apparatusiastclaimed in claim 1 in which apparatus the pressu1efm'asi1ring device is; a ma'norneter.
""1 -4QAnapparatusfor measuring thetehsion inia web which apparatus-comprises atubular memberv having an 2'0 shown in FIGURES land 2 with the exception thatra medium=can pass frorn 'thefinterior of the tubulanmemfound thefltu'be l'at positions adjacent the test holes;
1 0 T-hu'sQas shownin FIGURE 3; the presence and position of" a slack longitudinal band orlane'l4' in the film 8 will be'in'dicatedby a low-reading on the; cor-f responding manometer' 12 when compared with. the.
ber'to provide a supportingf'g'aseous cushion betweenthe under surfaceof thelweb and thearcuate surface, a supply means ,-for continuously supplying the gaseous medium under pressure to Ithe' -interior ofthe tubular member,
s therrcuatesurface-"haying at least two'te stho'les spaced apart generally t'ranyersiely of theweb for communicating readings on the other manometers' n Similarly, a tight 1 longitudinal bandor lane in the film 8 will be-indicate'd by a'high reading on the corresponding rnanometer 12 and low readingson the remaining manometer-s 12 I fThe apparatusmayireadily be incor orated in-any webl handling machinery and only requires a source of com- I pressed air for its operation. The presSure -ofair. 'employed must be sufiicient to support the'web outof con-' tact with the tube but otherwise its value has, substantially noefiect 'upo nth'e web tension measurements, f
I claimz' nicliannjcxflounissifn gna .gamma?!'.
1. 'a param 'ns; measuring the t eris ion ina web which apparatus comprises an arcuate sUrface around with the ga'seouscushionVanda-pressure measuring device connected 'with 'each test hole fordetermining the pressure of the gaseous medium in jthel gaseous. cushion in the Yicinity ofithe" testholehf Refererice sCited by. the Examiner V J osni n- 'P'. STRlZAK, DAVID SQHONBE I

Claims (1)

1. AN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE TENSION IN A WEB WHICH APPARATUS COMPRISES AN ARCUATE SURFACE AROUND WHICH THE WEB IS PASSED, THE ARCUATE SURFACE HAVING OPERTURES THROUGH WHICH A GASEOUS MEDIUM CAN BE CUPPLIED UNDER PRESSURE TO PROVIDE A SUPPORTING GASEOUS CUSHION BETWEEN THE UNDER SURFACE OF THE WEB AND THE ARCUATE SURFACE, A SUPPLY MEANS FOR CONTINUOUSLY SUPPLYING THE GASEOUS MEDIUM UNDER PRESSURE TO THE APERTURES, THE ARCUATE SURFACE HAVING AT LEAST TWO TEST-HOLES SPACED APART GENERALLY TRANSVERSELY OF THE WEB FOR COMMUNICATING WITH THE GASEOUS CUSHION AND A PRESSURE MEASURING DEVICE CONNECTED WITH EACH TEST-HOLE FOR DETERMINING THE PRESSURE OF THE GASEOUS MEDIUM IN THE GASEOUS CUSHION IN THE VICINITY OF THE TEST-HOLE.
US197426A 1961-06-07 1962-05-24 Web tension measuring devices Expired - Lifetime US3201985A (en)

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GB20600/61A GB946342A (en) 1961-06-07 1961-06-07 Improvements in or relating to web tension measuring devices

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Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3323754A (en) * 1964-04-25 1967-06-06 Nixdorf Joachim Tensioning device
US3347437A (en) * 1965-07-28 1967-10-17 Charles D Rush Tape guidance system
US3402603A (en) * 1966-03-24 1968-09-24 Pratt & Whitney Inc Detection system
US3439536A (en) * 1967-02-06 1969-04-22 Western Electric Co Sensing device
US3475956A (en) * 1967-12-01 1969-11-04 Cons Paper Inc Method and apparatus for detecting holes in a moving web
US3496744A (en) * 1966-02-05 1970-02-24 Sumitomo Light Metal Ind Method and apparatus for controlling the contours of rolling mill rolls to obtain metal sheet or strip of superior flatness
US3508432A (en) * 1968-03-25 1970-04-28 Monsanto Co Spinneret capillary inspection apparatus
US3538765A (en) * 1966-09-03 1970-11-10 Siegener Maschinenbau Gmbh Device for the determination of tensile forces occurring in thin cold rolled strip
US3620430A (en) * 1970-03-05 1971-11-16 Ibm Constant mass flow pressurized air bearing
US3677076A (en) * 1969-11-15 1972-07-18 Agfa Gevaert Ag Method of measuring web tension
US3779074A (en) * 1971-03-10 1973-12-18 Siemens Ag Apparatus for measuring tensile stresses in continuously fed webs of material
US3861207A (en) * 1973-12-20 1975-01-21 Eastman Kodak Co Apparatus for measuring web tension
US3868851A (en) * 1972-11-22 1975-03-04 Siemens Ag Apparatus for determining the tensile stress in a continuously moving web of material
JPS5133750A (en) * 1974-06-13 1976-03-23 Senjimia Tadeuzu
US3962903A (en) * 1974-12-23 1976-06-15 International Business Machines Corporation Method and system for sensing an identifying means
US4037767A (en) * 1975-11-17 1977-07-26 Bell & Howell Company Tape transporting apparatus
US4361029A (en) * 1980-05-27 1982-11-30 Computer Peripherals, Inc. Pneumatic radius sensor
US4696185A (en) * 1983-05-04 1987-09-29 Mahlo Gmbh +Co. Kg. Method and apparatus for controlling the dye receptivity of textiles
US4711133A (en) * 1984-09-10 1987-12-08 Per Roode Berglund Non-contact web tension meter
US4842177A (en) * 1983-12-02 1989-06-27 International Business Machines Corporation Air bearing tape support for guiding tape and sensing tape tension
EP0538672A1 (en) * 1991-10-19 1993-04-28 Grafotec Kotterer Gmbh Web break switch for machines using webs
US6336608B1 (en) 2000-02-29 2002-01-08 James Robert Cope Flexible web roller guide assembly with an integral centrifugal pump capability to provide a hydrostatic air bearing function to the roller guides outside supporting surface
US20040250628A1 (en) * 2003-06-13 2004-12-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Method and apparatus for measuring tension in a moving web
US20040251370A1 (en) * 2003-06-13 2004-12-16 Solberg Bruce Jerome Method and apparatus for unwinding a roll of web material
US20080002920A1 (en) * 2006-06-14 2008-01-03 Cryovac, Inc. System and method for detecting and registering serrated bags

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1032074A (en) * 1964-03-09 1966-06-08 Printing Packaging & Allied Tr Means for controlling the tension of a web
GB1160112A (en) * 1965-07-09 1969-07-30 British Aluminium Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to the Measurement of the Shape and Flatness of Sheet or Strip Material
US3845434A (en) * 1973-10-31 1974-10-29 Control Data Corp Tension sensing apparatus
DE3021532C1 (en) * 1980-06-07 1981-11-19 Erwin Kampf Gmbh & Co Maschinenfabrik, 5276 Wiehl Unwinding device for webs, in particular plastic films
NL8006719A (en) * 1980-12-11 1982-07-01 Philips Nv APPARATUS FOR MEASURING MEASUREMENTS ON THIN FLEXIBLE BELT MATERIAL, AND METHOD FOR MAKING MEASUREMENTS USING THE APPARATUS

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2552189A (en) * 1946-04-27 1951-05-08 Gen Electric Paper weight indicating equipment
US2728223A (en) * 1952-05-24 1955-12-27 Champion Paper & Fibre Company Web tension measuring apparatus
US2755032A (en) * 1951-12-17 1956-07-17 Beloit Iron Works Tension regulator and guide and control means therefor

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2552189A (en) * 1946-04-27 1951-05-08 Gen Electric Paper weight indicating equipment
US2755032A (en) * 1951-12-17 1956-07-17 Beloit Iron Works Tension regulator and guide and control means therefor
US2728223A (en) * 1952-05-24 1955-12-27 Champion Paper & Fibre Company Web tension measuring apparatus

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3323754A (en) * 1964-04-25 1967-06-06 Nixdorf Joachim Tensioning device
US3347437A (en) * 1965-07-28 1967-10-17 Charles D Rush Tape guidance system
US3496744A (en) * 1966-02-05 1970-02-24 Sumitomo Light Metal Ind Method and apparatus for controlling the contours of rolling mill rolls to obtain metal sheet or strip of superior flatness
US3402603A (en) * 1966-03-24 1968-09-24 Pratt & Whitney Inc Detection system
US3538765A (en) * 1966-09-03 1970-11-10 Siegener Maschinenbau Gmbh Device for the determination of tensile forces occurring in thin cold rolled strip
US3439536A (en) * 1967-02-06 1969-04-22 Western Electric Co Sensing device
US3475956A (en) * 1967-12-01 1969-11-04 Cons Paper Inc Method and apparatus for detecting holes in a moving web
US3508432A (en) * 1968-03-25 1970-04-28 Monsanto Co Spinneret capillary inspection apparatus
US3677076A (en) * 1969-11-15 1972-07-18 Agfa Gevaert Ag Method of measuring web tension
US3620430A (en) * 1970-03-05 1971-11-16 Ibm Constant mass flow pressurized air bearing
US3779074A (en) * 1971-03-10 1973-12-18 Siemens Ag Apparatus for measuring tensile stresses in continuously fed webs of material
US3868851A (en) * 1972-11-22 1975-03-04 Siemens Ag Apparatus for determining the tensile stress in a continuously moving web of material
US3861207A (en) * 1973-12-20 1975-01-21 Eastman Kodak Co Apparatus for measuring web tension
JPS5133750A (en) * 1974-06-13 1976-03-23 Senjimia Tadeuzu
JPS5633168B2 (en) * 1974-06-13 1981-08-01
US3962903A (en) * 1974-12-23 1976-06-15 International Business Machines Corporation Method and system for sensing an identifying means
US4037767A (en) * 1975-11-17 1977-07-26 Bell & Howell Company Tape transporting apparatus
US4361029A (en) * 1980-05-27 1982-11-30 Computer Peripherals, Inc. Pneumatic radius sensor
US4696185A (en) * 1983-05-04 1987-09-29 Mahlo Gmbh +Co. Kg. Method and apparatus for controlling the dye receptivity of textiles
US4842177A (en) * 1983-12-02 1989-06-27 International Business Machines Corporation Air bearing tape support for guiding tape and sensing tape tension
US4711133A (en) * 1984-09-10 1987-12-08 Per Roode Berglund Non-contact web tension meter
EP0538672A1 (en) * 1991-10-19 1993-04-28 Grafotec Kotterer Gmbh Web break switch for machines using webs
US6336608B1 (en) 2000-02-29 2002-01-08 James Robert Cope Flexible web roller guide assembly with an integral centrifugal pump capability to provide a hydrostatic air bearing function to the roller guides outside supporting surface
US20040250628A1 (en) * 2003-06-13 2004-12-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Method and apparatus for measuring tension in a moving web
US20040251370A1 (en) * 2003-06-13 2004-12-16 Solberg Bruce Jerome Method and apparatus for unwinding a roll of web material
WO2004113211A1 (en) * 2003-06-13 2004-12-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Method and apparatus for measuring tension in a moving web
WO2004113212A1 (en) * 2003-06-13 2004-12-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Method and apparatus for unwinding a roll of web material
US6948378B2 (en) 2003-06-13 2005-09-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Method and apparatus for measuring tension in a moving web
US8413920B2 (en) 2003-06-13 2013-04-09 The Procter & Gamble Company Method and apparatus for unwinding a roll of web material
US20080002920A1 (en) * 2006-06-14 2008-01-03 Cryovac, Inc. System and method for detecting and registering serrated bags
US8157141B2 (en) 2006-06-14 2012-04-17 Cryovac, Inc. System and method for detecting and registering serrated bags

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