US3867935A - Plied absorbent structures - Google Patents

Plied absorbent structures Download PDF

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Publication number
US3867935A
US3867935A US359802A US35980273A US3867935A US 3867935 A US3867935 A US 3867935A US 359802 A US359802 A US 359802A US 35980273 A US35980273 A US 35980273A US 3867935 A US3867935 A US 3867935A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
fabric
dressing
surgical dressing
surgical
entangled
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US359802A
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English (en)
Inventor
Norman R Eisdorfer
John M Lesniak
Bernard M Lichstein
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Johnson and Johnson
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Johnson and Johnson
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Johnson and Johnson filed Critical Johnson and Johnson
Priority to US359802A priority Critical patent/US3867935A/en
Priority to AR253710A priority patent/AR205886A1/es
Priority to IE1007/74A priority patent/IE39755B1/xx
Priority to SE7406348A priority patent/SE410704B/xx
Priority to FR7416481A priority patent/FR2229428B1/fr
Priority to ZA00743045A priority patent/ZA743045B/xx
Priority to CA199,917A priority patent/CA997918A/en
Priority to BR3881/74A priority patent/BR7403881D0/pt
Priority to PH15827A priority patent/PH11925A/en
Priority to AU68886/74A priority patent/AU486444B2/en
Priority to IT50961/74A priority patent/IT1015988B/it
Priority to NO741721A priority patent/NO138433C/no
Priority to FI1457/74A priority patent/FI60125C/fi
Priority to GB2098374A priority patent/GB1460823A/en
Priority to DE2422975A priority patent/DE2422975C2/de
Priority to LU70066A priority patent/LU70066A1/xx
Priority to BE144315A priority patent/BE815026A/xx
Priority to CH658674A priority patent/CH593694A5/xx
Priority to JP49052948A priority patent/JPS6139058B2/ja
Priority to DK263974A priority patent/DK132860C/da
Priority to RO7478770A priority patent/RO70485A/ro
Priority to DD178498A priority patent/DD113695A5/xx
Priority to NL7406479A priority patent/NL7406479A/xx
Priority to ES426310A priority patent/ES426310A1/es
Priority to AT396974A priority patent/AT356261B/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3867935A publication Critical patent/US3867935A/en
Priority to IN1994/CAL/75A priority patent/IN143598B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/44—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators with radio-opaque material or signalling means for residual material
    • A61F13/01034—
    • A61F13/01042—
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F2013/00361—Plasters
    • A61F2013/00544—Plasters form or structure
    • A61F2013/00604—Multilayer
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F2013/00361—Plasters
    • A61F2013/00727—Plasters means for wound humidity control
    • A61F2013/00731—Plasters means for wound humidity control with absorbing pads
    • A61F2013/00744—Plasters means for wound humidity control with absorbing pads containing non-woven

Definitions

  • a surgical dressing comprising a plurality of plies of a textile-like nonwoven fabric of unbonded, mechanically entangled fibers.
  • the dressing exhibits MA U 8L U rm 1.] 2.1 55 11 an absorption capacity per gram of total fabric at least equal to the absorption capacity per gram of a single ply of said fabric and additionally, exhibits an unusually low propensity to lint.
  • Absorbent dressings are used in an operating theatre to serve a variety of functions such as, for example, to staunch the flow of blood, to apply medication, to wall off organs and to separate and dry tissue. It is basic that the dressing used for all such purposes be capable of absorbing fluids and maintaining its structural integrity. Unfortunately, these criteria are, to some extent, in conflict as those materials which are highly absorbent tend to have little structural stability. For example, cotton wadding, wood pulp and the like, while highly absorbent do not, in themselves, maintain their structural integrity and consequently, the art has found it necessary to compromise by using a loosely woven material, cotton gauze commonly being the material of choice.
  • Lint is particulate matter which tends to separate from the dressing during use. When left in a wound, lint may cause inflammation, adhesions and the formation of granulomata.
  • the dangers of lint are more acute in the'so called full thickness incisions as are encountered in suchsur gical procedures as tracheotomies and cardiovascular procedures wherein lint can form the focal point for the growth of thrombi which in turn may result in the formation of emboli, and laparotomies and thoracotomies resulting in turn in the formation of adhesions and possibly granulomata.
  • an absorbent dressing can be provided which overcomes the drawbacks heretofore associated with cotton gauze dressings.
  • This dressing is made up of a plurality of plies of a textile like nonwoven fabric of unbonded, mechanically entangled fibers randomly entangled with each other in a pattern of localized entangled regions interconnected by fibers extending between adjacent entangled regions.
  • This fabric and a method for making the same is described in US. Pat. No. 3,485,706 which issued on Dec. 23, 1969 to Franklin Jones Evans.
  • an absorbent dressing comprised of a plu rality of plies of such nonwoven fabric, when said fabric is selectively chosen to have a Tensile Energy Absorption value of at least 1.0 foot pounds per square foot in both the machine and cross direction, cures the drawbacks heretofore experienced in prior absorbent dressingsnspecifically, it has been discovered that, for some reason as yet unknown, the dressings of this invention exhibit an absorbent capacity per gram of total fabric in the dressing at least equal to the absorbent capacity per gram of a single ply of the fabric. In fact, when more than two plies of the fabric are used, the dressing actually exhibits an increase in the absorbent capacity per gram as contrasted with a single ply value.
  • a single use laparotomy pad comprising a plurality of layers of the textilelike nonwoven fabric of this invention having interlayers of a meltable polymeric scrim placed therebetween to provide the wet resiliency requisite in large laparotomy pads and to. provide means for bonding the plurality of layers together by fusing the polymeric scrim.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a sheet of the prescribed fabric of this invention prior to folding into an embodiment of a dressing of this invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a dressing of this invention
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective, partially fragmented view of a second embodiment of a dressing of this invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a laparotomy pad utilizing the construction shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a graphical representation illustrating the advantageous absorptive properties of the dressings of this invention.
  • the unique surgical dressings of the invention incorporate nonwoven textile fabrics made in accordance with the teachings of US. Pat. No. 3,485,706, issued to F. J. Evans on Dec. 23, 1969.
  • these fabrics (hereinafter referred to as, "mechanically entangled fabric) comprise fibers locked into place by fiber interaction to provide a strong cohesive structure which maintains its structural integrity without the need for adhesive binders or filament fusing.
  • the fabrics have a pattern of entangled fiber regions of higher area density (weight per unit area) than the average area density of the fabrics as a whole and there are interconnecting fibers which extend between the dense entangled regions and are randomly entangled with each other in the dense entangled regions.
  • the entanglement is accomplished by first preparing a loose layer of fibers and then treating the layer with liquid, jetted at a pressure of at least 200 p.s.i.g., from a row of small orifices, to convert the layer directly into the nonwoven fabrics useful in the surgical dressings of this invention.
  • Fibers of cotton, rayon, polyethylene terep'hthalate, polyamides, cellulose acetates, polyacrylonitriles, acrylonitrile-vinyl chloride copolymers, reconstituted protein, polyolefins and blends of these are all useable fibrous systems. Included in this group are hydrophobic fibers which have been treated to give them hydrophilic characteristics. Examples of such treatment are the grafting of polymeric substances onto the fiber surfaces by means of forms of radiation, free radical initiators and other polymerization techniques known in the art. Still other examples of such treatment are the use of wetting agents, rewetting agents and modification in the surface by chemical reaction such as the mercerization of cotton and the caustic treatment of polyethylene terephthalate. In this connection, it is, of course, important to avoid the use of such modification techniques as will be incompatible with the final use of the fibers in a surgical procedure, such as the use of methods leaving residual chemicals which may leach out of the dressing and into body wounds.
  • the fibers should have a staple length and denier compatible with attaining the strength and decreased particulate matter deposition described herein.
  • the denier may vary from about 0.5 to about 3.0 with a range of about 1.0 to about 2.0 being preferable.
  • Fiber staple lengths may vary from about 0.25 to about 1.5 inches with lengths of about 0.5 to about 1.25 inches being preferable.
  • the fabric weight per unit area may vary from about 0.5 to about 3.0 ounces per square yard depending upon the degree of bulk desired in the ultimate product. Preferably, the weight per unit area should be about 0.75 to about 2.0 ounces per square yard.
  • the fabric be apertured. Apertures can provide the dressing with desirable added bulk without the necessity for providing additional fibers.
  • An apertured fabric is less slick, wads less when wet and is more useful in a surgical procedure such as the separation of tissue where a somewhat abrasive character is required for the dressing. From an aesthetic point of view, apertured fabrics more closely resemble the familiar gauze dressings.
  • the apertures may be formed in the fabric by methods now well-known in the art such as, for example, by needle punching or by a jet of fluid impinging on the fabric which is supported on a patterned substrate.
  • the degree of open area of the aperture will vary in accordance with the desired final use of the product, a degree of openness of about 50 to 500 holes per square inch being generally suitable, with an open area of about to 400 holes per square inch being preferred.
  • the fabrics In order to be useful as a surgical dressing, the fabrics must have a degree of mechanical entanglement sufficient to have the resulting product maintain its structural integrity under the conditions of use. Specifically. it has been found that the fabric should have a Tensile Energy Absorption value, in both the machine and cross direction, of at least about 1.0 ft.-lbs./ft. and preferably at least about 2.0 ft.-lbs./ft.
  • the Tensile Energy Absorption value is defined as the area under a stress strain curve which is developed by placing the fabric under tensile stress in accordance with the method described in test T494 SU-64 suggested by the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Instute (TAPPI) in 1964.
  • binders generallyeither a latex applied in the form of an emulsion to a weak web of fibers or a crosslinked resin system, are undesirable from the point of view that they tend to interfere with the absorptive properties of the resulting dressing. While the reason for this is not entirely understood, it is possible that the presence of the binder interferes with the communication between the capillary-like spaces of the fibrous fabric, this communication believed to be essential for a good absorbent material.
  • the binders commonly used are less hydrophilic than the fibers, result in an overall loss of absorptive characteristics.
  • the essential absence of binder obviates the possibility of introducing substances into the body, either by leeching out or by primary contact, which may induce or cause adverse tissue reactions as, for example, toxic or allergenic responses.
  • the mechanically entangled fabric has, in accordance with this invention, been incorporated into a surgical sponge, using a plurality of plies.
  • a single rectangular sheet 10 of the prescribed mechanically entangled fabric which may be folded to produce a multiplied surgical sponge such as the eight-ply sponge 12 shown in FIG. 2.
  • the sheet 10 is first folded along line A-A and then along line 8-8 so that lines C-C and C-C' coincide.
  • the final product, sponge 12 is achieved by folding once more about coinciding lines C-C and C'-C'.
  • Attached to sheet is an X-ray detectable element 13 such as, for example, a filament of a polyolefin which has, embedded therein, barium sulfate or other suitable X-ray opaque material. As shown in FIG. 1, the element 13 is preferably located near line A-A so as to be centrally positioned in the final product.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate still another embodiment of this invention wherein the prescribed mechanically entangled fabric is incorporated into a laparotomy pad 14.
  • These pads generally are used within body cavities during major surgical procedures and, in addition to providing absorbency, must also perform the function of walling off organs and covering the outer edges of an incision. Accordingly, the laparotomy pads require a degree of wet resiliency in order to maintain their bulk characteristics when performing these non-absorption functions.
  • the embodiments of this invention shown in FIG. 3 incorporates thin thermoplastic grids l6 and 17 interlayered between plies l8, l9 and of the prescribed mechanically entangled fabric.
  • a preferred grid material may be, for example, made of polyolefin such as, for example, polypropylene which may weigh between about 20 to about 70 grains per square yard.
  • the degree of openness of the grid must be sufficient to preclude interference with the absorbing characteristics and flexibility of the pad. Hole patterns such as 3 X 5, 5 X 5, 9 X 9 or 12 X 12 holes/inch are preferred.
  • the entire laminate of fabric plies interlayered with thermoplastic grids may be bound together, as shown best in FIG. 4. by heat sealing, at least at the marginal portions 18 of the pad 14 so as to fuse the grids 16 and 17 and form an integral bond with the fabric plies.
  • additional heat sealing points 20 are provided inward of the margins 18, these shown to be in a cross-like pattern in FIG. 4. It will be understood by one skilled in the art that other patterns and arrangements of heat sealing points may also be used. It will also be understood by one skilled in the art that the plies of the pad may be bound together by means other than heat sealing, such as ultrasonic sealing or by sewing.
  • the laparotomy pad 14 is provided with a handle 22 which may likewise be heat-sealed to the pad or alternatively, may be sewn on. As in the prior embodiment, the laparotomy sponge may be provided with X-ray detectable elements 24 and 26.
  • the dressings of this invention exhibit properties which are totally unexpected when contrasted with prior multiplied dressings. Specifically, it has been discovered that both the absorbency characteristics and the degree of linting of the multiplied structure is surprisingly improved.
  • a sponge made in accordance with the teachings of this invention will exhibit a degree linting of less than about 0.008 mg of particulate matter per in. of exposed area when used in a multiplied structure.
  • a cotton gauze sponge will exhibit a degree of linting of about 0.0 I 2 mg of particulate matter per in. of exposed area.
  • EXAM PLE l Samples of dressings having varying number of plies are prepared from three types of fabrics.
  • the first type consists of surgical grade, bleached and scoured cotton gauze (U.S. Pharmacopoeia Type VII) having a thread count of.20 warp threads by l2'fill threads and weighing 0.6 ounces per square yard.
  • the second type consists of surgical grade,.bleachedl and scoured cotton gauze (U.S. Pharmacopoeia Type lll) having a thread count of 28 warp threads by 24 fill threads and weighing 1.0 ounces per square yard.
  • the third type in accordance with the teachings of this instant invention, consists of mechanically entangled fabric madefrom percent surgical grade rayon fibers, the fibersbeing of 1.5 denier and having a staple length of ii-inch.
  • the mechanically entangled fabric weighs 1.0 ounces per square yard and. is apertured to an open area of about 300 holes per square inch.
  • the samples are prepared in disk form having a diameter of 68.5 millimeters.
  • the samples are tested to determine their total absorbent capacity with distilled are provided to insure that the hydraulic head of the liquid in the aperture at a level essentially equal to the Eight samples of various types of surgical sponges are top surface of the smooth plate is essentially zero prepared.
  • the first and second types are conventional throughout the test period.
  • the means for insuring this cotton gauze sponges consisting of, respectively, the 20 hydraulics head relationship are illustrated in the de- X 12 count and the 28 X 24 count gauze described in scription of a constant flow burette as given in the Jourthe prior example.
  • the solution is sol'beht p y of each Sample, which is expressed in then filtered into a vacuum flask through a crucible terms of the total p y of each plied Sample as 3 having a porous fritted glass bottom and first having Percentage of the Single p y Capacity in Cubic centimebeen rinsed with distilled water, dried in an oven at ters of liquid absorbed h gram of dresshlg- 105C. for 3 hours and then cooled in a desiccator for V H 1 hour. The weight of the cooled and dried crucible has been recorded. The filtered solution is returned to the TABLE I beaker and the above-described dipping, agitating.
  • lint from the gauze gauze samples and mechanically entangled samples are sponges consists essentially of pieces of yarn about plotted as Xs, triangles, and circles, respectively.
  • both gauze samples mm in length although pieces as long as about 6 and 7 characteristically exhibit a decreasing total absorbency mm are not uncommon. intermingled with these pieces per gram as the number of plies are increased, this of yarn are loose, short fibers which are components of trend being most noticeable beyond four plies.
  • the novel mechanically enleaf and stem In contrast with this, the mechanically tangled samples of this invention exhibits exactly the entangled sponges deposit lint particles which are subreverse relationship whereby the absorbency per gram stantiall malle being of dust-like quality.
  • EXAMPLE ll Polyethylene terephthalate Polyethylene terephthalate grafted with polyacrylic acid
  • EXAMPLE 111 This example illustrates the advantages of the instant invention over prior art attempts to produce nonwoven surgical sponges.
  • Two samples of single-ply fabrics are made in accordance with the method described in US. Pat. No. 3,081,515, issued to I-l.W. Griswold et al on Mar. 19, 1963, using 100 percent rayon fibers having a denier of 1.5 and a staple length of %in.
  • the first sample is made from a carded web and is provided in the unbonded state.
  • the second sample is likewise made from a single-ply carded web and is then impregnated with a crosslinkable acrylic emulsion polymer, the quantity of polymer used being equal to about 30 percent of the weight of the unbonded web. Both samples are tested for absorbent capacity as described in Example 1. Both samples are also tested for their Tensile Energy Absorption values using the method described by the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industries (TAPPI), Suggested Method T494 SU-64, 1964. Samples of single ply mechanically entangled fabric prescribed by this invention and identical to that of Example 1 are similarly tested and the results are reported in Table [11 below.
  • a surgical dressing comprising a plurality of plies of a textile-like nonwoven fabric of essentially unbonded, mechanically entangled fibers randomly en- 10 tangled with each other in a pattern of localized entangled regions interconnected by fibers extending between adjacent entangled regions, said fabric having a Tensile Energy Absorption value: of at least 1.0 foot pounds per foot square, in both the machine and cross directions and saiddressing having an absorption capacity per gram of total fabric at least equal to the absorption capacity per gram ofa single ply of said fabric.
  • the surgical dressing of claim 1 having a degree of linting of lessjhanqpqfl rng. of particulate natter pen inch square of exposed area.
  • each ply has a weight ranging from about 0.75 ounces per yard square to ab0ut 3.0 ounces per yard square.
  • the bonded samples exhibit good absorbency but are insufficiently tensilestre ss resistant to suffice as a material of construction for a surgical sponge. In fact, this material is so weak that when attempts were made to determine the particulate matter deposited by a sponge made from such a fabric, in accordance with the method described in the foregoing example, the sponge lost its structural integrity.
  • the unbonded materials were strengthened by impregnating them with a binder. In this form, the samples tested showed ade quate tensile stress resistance. However, as is clearly shown in the above table, the absorptive capacity is greatly diminished.
US359802A 1973-05-14 1973-05-14 Plied absorbent structures Expired - Lifetime US3867935A (en)

Priority Applications (26)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US359802A US3867935A (en) 1973-05-14 1973-05-14 Plied absorbent structures
AR253710A AR205886A1 (es) 1973-05-14 1974-01-01 Vendaje quirurgico
LU70066A LU70066A1 (xx) 1973-05-14 1974-05-13
FR7416481A FR2229428B1 (xx) 1973-05-14 1974-05-13
ZA00743045A ZA743045B (en) 1973-05-14 1974-05-13 Plied absorbent structures
CA199,917A CA997918A (en) 1973-05-14 1974-05-13 Plied absorbent structures
BR3881/74A BR7403881D0 (pt) 1973-05-14 1974-05-13 Curativo cirurgico
PH15827A PH11925A (en) 1973-05-14 1974-05-13 Plied absorbent structures
AU68886/74A AU486444B2 (en) 1973-05-14 1974-05-13 Piled absorbent structures
IT50961/74A IT1015988B (it) 1973-05-14 1974-05-13 Perfezionamento nelle strutture di tamponi assorbenti per usi chirurgici igienici e simili
NO741721A NO138433C (no) 1973-05-14 1974-05-13 Bandasje bestaaende av et flerlags absorberende materiale
FI1457/74A FI60125C (fi) 1973-05-14 1974-05-13 Kirurgiskt foerband
IE1007/74A IE39755B1 (en) 1973-05-14 1974-05-13 Surgical dressings
DE2422975A DE2422975C2 (de) 1973-05-14 1974-05-13 Verwendung einer textilähnlichen Vliesstoffschicht als Verbandmaterial für chirurgische Zwecke
SE7406348A SE410704B (sv) 1973-05-14 1974-05-13 Kirurgiskkompress
GB2098374A GB1460823A (en) 1973-05-14 1974-05-13 Surgical dressings
NL7406479A NL7406479A (xx) 1973-05-14 1974-05-14
JP49052948A JPS6139058B2 (xx) 1973-05-14 1974-05-14
DK263974A DK132860C (da) 1973-05-14 1974-05-14 Flerlaget absorptionspude
RO7478770A RO70485A (ro) 1973-05-14 1974-05-14 Pansament chirurgical
DD178498A DD113695A5 (xx) 1973-05-14 1974-05-14
BE144315A BE815026A (fr) 1973-05-14 1974-05-14 Produits absorbants comprenant plusieurs couches
ES426310A ES426310A1 (es) 1973-05-14 1974-05-14 Un aposito quirurgico.
CH658674A CH593694A5 (xx) 1973-05-14 1974-05-14
AT396974A AT356261B (de) 1973-05-14 1974-05-14 Mehrschichtiger verband
IN1994/CAL/75A IN143598B (xx) 1973-05-14 1975-10-15

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US359802A US3867935A (en) 1973-05-14 1973-05-14 Plied absorbent structures

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US3867935A true US3867935A (en) 1975-02-25

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US359802A Expired - Lifetime US3867935A (en) 1973-05-14 1973-05-14 Plied absorbent structures

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US (1) US3867935A (xx)
JP (1) JPS6139058B2 (xx)
AR (1) AR205886A1 (xx)
AT (1) AT356261B (xx)
BE (1) BE815026A (xx)
BR (1) BR7403881D0 (xx)
CA (1) CA997918A (xx)
CH (1) CH593694A5 (xx)
DD (1) DD113695A5 (xx)
DE (1) DE2422975C2 (xx)
DK (1) DK132860C (xx)
ES (1) ES426310A1 (xx)
FI (1) FI60125C (xx)
FR (1) FR2229428B1 (xx)
GB (1) GB1460823A (xx)
IE (1) IE39755B1 (xx)
IN (1) IN143598B (xx)
IT (1) IT1015988B (xx)
LU (1) LU70066A1 (xx)
NL (1) NL7406479A (xx)
NO (1) NO138433C (xx)
PH (1) PH11925A (xx)
RO (1) RO70485A (xx)
SE (1) SE410704B (xx)
ZA (1) ZA743045B (xx)

Cited By (30)

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US4287251A (en) * 1978-06-16 1981-09-01 King Mary K Disposable absorbent nonwoven structure
US4562110A (en) * 1981-08-18 1985-12-31 Tong David Philip Process for the production of alginate fibre material and products made therefrom
US4718897A (en) * 1985-09-18 1988-01-12 Chicopee Nonwoven surgical sponge with x-ray detectable element
US5407439A (en) * 1991-05-20 1995-04-18 The Procter & Gamble Company Multi-layer female component for refastenable fastening device and method of making the same
US5575781A (en) * 1995-10-05 1996-11-19 Deroyal Industries, Inc. Absorbent article useful in medical applications
USH1640H (en) * 1993-09-13 1997-03-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Reinforced landing surface for mechanical fasteners on disposable products
US5725517A (en) * 1995-10-05 1998-03-10 Deroyal Industries, Inc. Absorbent woven article including radiopaque element woven therein and anchored at the ends thereof
EP0841882A1 (en) * 1996-05-01 1998-05-20 Deroyal Industries, Inc. Absorbent article having a radiopaque element
EP0857048A1 (en) * 1995-10-05 1998-08-12 Deroyal Industries, Inc. Absorbent article useful in medical applications and having a radiopaque element embedded in a side edge thereof and method for making same
US20030132556A1 (en) * 2002-01-15 2003-07-17 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process and apparatus for making a reinforced fibrous absorbent member
WO2003059232A2 (en) * 2002-01-15 2003-07-24 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent article with reinforced absorbent structure
US20040061264A1 (en) * 2002-09-26 2004-04-01 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process and apparatus for air forming an article having a plurality of reinforced superimposed fibrous layers
US20040102751A1 (en) * 2002-11-27 2004-05-27 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent article with reinforced absorbent structure
US6802834B2 (en) 2002-01-15 2004-10-12 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent article having discontinuous absorbent core
USRE38652E1 (en) 1992-08-20 2004-11-16 Velcro Industries B.V. Hook for hook and loop fasteners
US20050014428A1 (en) * 2003-07-15 2005-01-20 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Scrim reinforced absorbent article with reduced stiffness
WO2005016205A1 (en) * 2003-07-15 2005-02-24 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent article having a stretchable reinforcement member
US6981297B2 (en) 2002-11-27 2006-01-03 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Controlled placement of a reinforcing web within a fibrous absorbent
US20060248850A1 (en) * 2003-02-04 2006-11-09 Aircelle Limited Method of making structural members
US20070059220A1 (en) * 2005-09-15 2007-03-15 Simons Bryce P Apparatus for Measurement of Absorption and Displacement
US8980982B2 (en) 2011-03-25 2015-03-17 Illinois Tool Works, Inc. Electromagnetic spectrally detectable plastic packaging components
CN105725285A (zh) * 2016-01-25 2016-07-06 山东省立医院 一种小儿科护理抗菌围脖
US20160367409A1 (en) * 2014-10-13 2016-12-22 Multigate Medical Products Pty Ltd Surgical Sponge
CN106618871A (zh) * 2015-10-30 2017-05-10 莫蒂盖特医疗产品股份有限公司 外科手术用海绵
US20170196734A1 (en) * 2014-05-29 2017-07-13 First Care Products Ltd. Wound dressing apparatus and method of use thereof
US10619268B2 (en) 2013-11-13 2020-04-14 Illinois Tool Works, Inc. Metal detectable fiber and articles formed from the same
US10753022B2 (en) 2014-07-25 2020-08-25 Illinois Tool Works, Inc. Particle-filled fiber and articles formed from the same
US10947664B2 (en) 2018-02-19 2021-03-16 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Metal detectable scouring pad
AU2015243066B2 (en) * 2015-10-15 2021-09-23 Multigate Medical Products Pty Limited A Surgical Sponge
US11542634B2 (en) 2014-07-25 2023-01-03 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Particle-filled fiber and articles formed from the same

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US4287251A (en) * 1978-06-16 1981-09-01 King Mary K Disposable absorbent nonwoven structure
US4562110A (en) * 1981-08-18 1985-12-31 Tong David Philip Process for the production of alginate fibre material and products made therefrom
US4718897A (en) * 1985-09-18 1988-01-12 Chicopee Nonwoven surgical sponge with x-ray detectable element
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US6637079B1 (en) 1989-01-31 2003-10-28 The Procter & Gamble Company Multi-layer female component for refastenable fastening device and method of making the same
US5407439A (en) * 1991-05-20 1995-04-18 The Procter & Gamble Company Multi-layer female component for refastenable fastening device and method of making the same
US5470417A (en) * 1991-05-20 1995-11-28 The Procter & Gamble Company Method of making multi-layer female component for refastenable fastening device
US5569233A (en) * 1991-05-20 1996-10-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Multi-layer female component for refastenable fastening device and method of making the same
US6849142B1 (en) 1991-05-20 2005-02-01 The Procter & Gamble Company Method of making multi-layer female component for refastenable fastening device
USRE38652E1 (en) 1992-08-20 2004-11-16 Velcro Industries B.V. Hook for hook and loop fasteners
USH1640H (en) * 1993-09-13 1997-03-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Reinforced landing surface for mechanical fasteners on disposable products
EP0857048A1 (en) * 1995-10-05 1998-08-12 Deroyal Industries, Inc. Absorbent article useful in medical applications and having a radiopaque element embedded in a side edge thereof and method for making same
EP0857048A4 (en) * 1995-10-05 2001-08-22 Deroyal Ind Inc ABSORBENT ARTICLE USEFUL IN MEDICAL APPLICATIONS AND HAVING A RADIO-OPAQUE ELEMENT INTEGRATED IN ONE OF ITS SIDE EDGES, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAID ARTICLE
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EP0841882A4 (en) * 1996-05-01 2001-08-29 Deroyal Ind Inc ABSORBENT ARTICLE WITH RADIUS OPATIVE ELEMENT
EP0841882A1 (en) * 1996-05-01 1998-05-20 Deroyal Industries, Inc. Absorbent article having a radiopaque element
US20030171728A1 (en) * 2002-01-15 2003-09-11 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent article with reinforced absorbent structure
US7568900B2 (en) 2002-01-15 2009-08-04 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Apparatus for making a reinforced fibrous absorbent member
US6989118B2 (en) 2002-01-15 2006-01-24 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for making a reinforced fibrous absorbent member
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US7745687B2 (en) 2002-01-15 2010-06-29 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent article with reinforced absorbent structure
US6802834B2 (en) 2002-01-15 2004-10-12 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent article having discontinuous absorbent core
US7204682B2 (en) 2002-01-15 2007-04-17 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Apparatus for making a reinforced fibrous absorbent member
WO2003059232A3 (en) * 2002-01-15 2003-10-16 Kimberly Clark Co Absorbent article with reinforced absorbent structure
US20050013888A1 (en) * 2002-01-15 2005-01-20 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Apparatus for making a reinforced fibrous absorbent member
WO2003059232A2 (en) * 2002-01-15 2003-07-24 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent article with reinforced absorbent structure
US20070248708A1 (en) * 2002-01-15 2007-10-25 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Apparatus for Making a Reinforced Fibrous Absorbent Member
US20040061263A1 (en) * 2002-09-26 2004-04-01 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process and apparatus for air forming an article having a plurality of superimposed fibrous layers
US6982052B2 (en) 2002-09-26 2006-01-03 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process and apparatus for air forming an article having a plurality of superimposed fibrous layers
US20040061264A1 (en) * 2002-09-26 2004-04-01 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process and apparatus for air forming an article having a plurality of reinforced superimposed fibrous layers
US7094373B2 (en) 2002-09-26 2006-08-22 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process and apparatus for air forming an article having a plurality of reinforced superimposed fibrous layers
US6981297B2 (en) 2002-11-27 2006-01-03 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Controlled placement of a reinforcing web within a fibrous absorbent
US20040102751A1 (en) * 2002-11-27 2004-05-27 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent article with reinforced absorbent structure
US20060248850A1 (en) * 2003-02-04 2006-11-09 Aircelle Limited Method of making structural members
US8132328B2 (en) * 2003-02-04 2012-03-13 John Lennox Monteith Method of making structural members
WO2005016205A1 (en) * 2003-07-15 2005-02-24 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent article having a stretchable reinforcement member
US7345004B2 (en) 2003-07-15 2008-03-18 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Scrim reinforced absorbent article with reduced stiffness
US20050014428A1 (en) * 2003-07-15 2005-01-20 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Scrim reinforced absorbent article with reduced stiffness
US7594906B2 (en) 2003-07-15 2009-09-29 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent article having a stretchable reinforcement member
US20070059220A1 (en) * 2005-09-15 2007-03-15 Simons Bryce P Apparatus for Measurement of Absorption and Displacement
US7707884B2 (en) * 2005-09-15 2010-05-04 Simons Bryce P Apparatus for measurement of absorption and displacement
US9557311B2 (en) 2011-03-25 2017-01-31 Illinois Tool Works, Inc. Electromagnetic spectrally detectable plastic packaging components
US8980982B2 (en) 2011-03-25 2015-03-17 Illinois Tool Works, Inc. Electromagnetic spectrally detectable plastic packaging components
US10619268B2 (en) 2013-11-13 2020-04-14 Illinois Tool Works, Inc. Metal detectable fiber and articles formed from the same
US10507139B2 (en) * 2014-05-29 2019-12-17 First Care Products Ltd. Wound dressing apparatus and method of use thereof
US20170196734A1 (en) * 2014-05-29 2017-07-13 First Care Products Ltd. Wound dressing apparatus and method of use thereof
US11542634B2 (en) 2014-07-25 2023-01-03 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Particle-filled fiber and articles formed from the same
US10753022B2 (en) 2014-07-25 2020-08-25 Illinois Tool Works, Inc. Particle-filled fiber and articles formed from the same
EP3028686A3 (en) * 2014-10-13 2017-03-22 Multigate Medical Products Pty Ltd A surgical sponge
US10792197B2 (en) * 2014-10-13 2020-10-06 Multigate Medical Products Pty Ltd Surgical sponge
US20160367409A1 (en) * 2014-10-13 2016-12-22 Multigate Medical Products Pty Ltd Surgical Sponge
AU2015243066B2 (en) * 2015-10-15 2021-09-23 Multigate Medical Products Pty Limited A Surgical Sponge
CN106618871A (zh) * 2015-10-30 2017-05-10 莫蒂盖特医疗产品股份有限公司 外科手术用海绵
CN105725285B (zh) * 2016-01-25 2018-12-25 山东省立医院 一种小儿科护理抗菌围脖
CN105725285A (zh) * 2016-01-25 2016-07-06 山东省立医院 一种小儿科护理抗菌围脖
US10947664B2 (en) 2018-02-19 2021-03-16 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Metal detectable scouring pad

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SE410704B (sv) 1979-10-29
FI60125B (fi) 1981-08-31
IE39755L (en) 1974-11-14
NO138433C (no) 1978-09-06
FI60125C (fi) 1981-12-10
DK132860C (da) 1976-07-26
GB1460823A (en) 1977-01-06
AU6888674A (en) 1975-11-13
ZA743045B (en) 1975-12-31
RO70485A (ro) 1982-08-17
NO741721L (no) 1974-11-15
LU70066A1 (xx) 1974-10-01
CA997918A (en) 1976-10-05
CH593694A5 (xx) 1977-12-15
BR7403881D0 (pt) 1975-01-28
NO138433B (no) 1978-05-29
IE39755B1 (en) 1978-12-20
ES426310A1 (es) 1976-09-01
FR2229428A1 (xx) 1974-12-13
IN143598B (xx) 1977-12-31
DE2422975A1 (de) 1974-12-12
IT1015988B (it) 1977-05-20
ATA396974A (de) 1979-09-15
PH11925A (en) 1978-09-08
DE2422975C2 (de) 1985-09-05
AR205886A1 (es) 1976-06-15
DK132860B (da) 1976-02-23
JPS5031690A (xx) 1975-03-28
AT356261B (de) 1980-04-25
NL7406479A (xx) 1974-11-18
JPS6139058B2 (xx) 1986-09-02
FR2229428B1 (xx) 1980-03-14
BE815026A (fr) 1974-11-14
DD113695A5 (xx) 1975-06-20

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