US3863701A - Process for manufacturing heat-insulated castings - Google Patents

Process for manufacturing heat-insulated castings Download PDF

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Publication number
US3863701A
US3863701A US254228A US25422872A US3863701A US 3863701 A US3863701 A US 3863701A US 254228 A US254228 A US 254228A US 25422872 A US25422872 A US 25422872A US 3863701 A US3863701 A US 3863701A
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United States
Prior art keywords
double structure
heat
mold
core
castings
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Expired - Lifetime
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US254228A
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English (en)
Inventor
Itaru Niimi
Yasuhisa Kaneko
Akiyoshi Morita
Katumi Yagi
Hiromitu Kashiwagi
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for manufacturing heat-insulated castings.
  • thepipe itself is fabricated of a material which is a poor heat conductor.
  • cast pipes are lined with heat-insulating material or externally wrapped with such material.
  • pipes are fabricated so as to comprise a double structure of dissimilar materials.
  • non-metals are commonly used, particularly ceramics which are preferred in high temperature service. These ceramics lack toughness and cannot be used in service subjected from heavy vibration and impact load.
  • a heat-insulator either internally or externally to the pipe, such an expedientis usually trouble-free if the configuration'of thepipe is simple. However, in the case of complex configurations this procedure is either very difficult or impossible.
  • a double pipe structure comprises a cast pipe with an internal layer of heat-insulating material, such as ceramic.
  • the liquid material passes through the pipe it is highly possible that the ceramic material will be dissolved or torn off.
  • the present invention relates to a unique process for manufacturing heat-insulated castings to provide castings which avoid the disadvantages of the prior art and function in a trouble-free manner for extended periods of time.
  • a process of manufacturing heat-insulated castings comprises the step of providing a metal core having resistance to heat and corrosion, and spreading a heat-insulating material on the outside of the core.
  • the heat-insulating material is deposited onto the core and secured thereto by a bonding agent to thereby constitute a double structure with the core.
  • the double structure is positioned in a mold with a cavity or space between the mold and the double structure. Molten metal is poured into the cavity to thereby surround the double structure in a metal casting.
  • the heat-insulating material may be selected from foamed alumina or fused silica, all of which are high in heat resistance and do not undergo any change at the melting temperature of cast iron.
  • the double structure may be positioned in a sand mold and molten metal vertically poured into the mold.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an internal core, according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a double structure comprising an internal core and an outer layer of heatinsulating material, according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional'view illustrating the double structure of FIG. 2 positioned within a mold, according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a heat-insulated pipe produced according to the method of the present invention, with parts broken away to show detail;
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view illustrating another double structure positioned within a mold, according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view of still another double structure positioned within a mold, according to the present invention.
  • the various figures illustrate an internal core I having an external heat-insulating layer 2.
  • the layer is surrounded by a metal casting 3 which is accomplished through utilization of a mold 4.
  • the present invention involves a manufacturing process of cast pipe wherein the pipe is easily produced ragardless of its shape. The process permits various surface treatments of the inside of the pipe and the thus produced product is highly heat resistant and durable.
  • the resultant structure comprises a triple structure which allows passage of any liquid, gas, or solid, particularly those materials which would adversely affect standardly produced cast pipe.
  • the first step in the present method involves fabricating an internal core of metallic material which excels in its resistance to both heat and corrosion.
  • the core is coated with a highly heat-insulating material in layer form to thereby constitute a double structure with the core.
  • the final step involves sheathing or otherwise surrounding the thus formed double structure with molten metal to thereby produce a casting having a triple structure comprising the core, the heat-insulating layer, and the outer metal sheath.
  • the core may be formed by shaping metal plates followed by welding or other joining techniques.
  • the internal core may be subjected to various surface treatments depending upon its ultimate use.
  • heat insulating material to be applied to the internal core
  • ceramic materials have excellent heat-insulation qualities and may be selectively used as the heat-insulating material. Depending upon the type of heat-insulating material, drying orfiring may be required.
  • the coated core is positioned in a mold and molten metal poured around the coated core to thereby surround the core with metal.
  • Cast iron, aluminum alloys, and other casting materials may be provided to sheath the coated core.
  • the print is removed from the casting after the metal solidifies. The finished product may be machined if desired.
  • a carbon-steel pipe 1 for high temperature service measures 1.8 mm in wall thickness, 18 mm in outer diameter and 300 mm in length.
  • a layer 2 of foamed alumina with a central grain size of 2 mm was applied over 150 mm of the central length of the pipe 1.
  • a slurry consisting of ethyl silicate, ethyl alcohol, water and zircon flour was employed as the bonding agent.
  • the applied alumina layer was dried at room temperature, gradually heated, dried at 250C. for hours, and then held at 500C. for 4 hours to dry.
  • the double structure pipe (FIG. 2) thus obtained was held in a C0 sand mold 4, as illustrated in FIG. 3, and a molten cast iron 3 (JIS FC at l,450C. was poured vertically into this mold to thereby yield a heatinsulated pipe, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the wall thickness of cast iron 3 was about 10 mm.
  • EXAMPLE 2 A mild steel pipe similar to Example 1 was applied with a ZO-mesh fused silica.
  • a slurry of colloidal silica and zircon flour was employed as the bonding agent. After the slurry was applied, the fused silica was spread thereon, and after drying the slurry was again applied, followed by a spreading of fused silica again. This process was repeated until a heat-insulating layer was formed at a thickness of about 3 mm.
  • the double structure thus obtained was dried in the same manner as in Example 1, and thereafter molten aluminum (JIS AC 28) was poured at 720C. by the gravity casting method.
  • the casting obtained was about 5-6 mm in wall thickness.
  • EXAMPLE 3 Foamed polystyrene grains were applied to a thickness of 3 mm on the outside surface of a stainless steel (JIS SUS 27) pipe measuring 30 mm in outer diameter and 0.5 mm in wall thickness.
  • a slurry of sodium silicate and zircon flour was employed as the bonding agent.
  • the bonding agent slurry was applied first and then the foamed polystyrene grains were applied. This procedure was repeated until the foamed polystyrene grains were perfectly covered up with zircon flour.
  • the applied layer was dried in the same manner as in Example 1. In the process of the drying, the foamed polystyrene was completely burned away, leaving a shell of zircon flour.
  • the double structure thus obtained was taken as the core and cast iron was poured in the same manner as in Example 1 to yield a casting of 3-4 mm in wall thickness.
  • EXAMPLE 4 An 0.8 mm thick stainless steel (JIS SUS 27) plate was press-formed, as shown in FIG. 5. Two pieces of the plate were welded together into a 120 mm long pipe 1 having a complicated profile and a mild steel piece 5 was tack-welded to the pipe 1 to serve as the core print.
  • JIS SUS 27 stainless steel
  • fused silica 2 was applied at a thickness of 4 mm to the body of the pipe 1 and dried.
  • the double structure thus obtained was held, as shown in FIG. 5, in a sand mold 4, and molten cast iron 3 (JIS FC 25) was poured at l,450C. to form a casting sheath. After casting, the core print 5 was removed to yield the end product, i.e., a heat-insulated pipe.
  • JIS FC 25 molten cast iron 3
  • the wall thickness of the casting 3 was 3-4 mm minimum and 8-12 mm maximum.
  • EXAMPLE 5 A stainless steel (JIS SUS 27) pipe having a 32 mm bore and an 8 mm wall thickness was bulge-formed into a square, mm long pipe 1, with a bent angle of 60 R, as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the bulge-formed pipe 1 was Cu-plated and applied on its outside surface with a fused silica 2 to a thickness of 2 mm. The assembly was then dried.
  • the double structure stainless steel pipe 1 thus obtained was filled with molding sand 6, and the filled pipe taken as the core was set in a sand mold 4, as illustrated in FIG. 6.
  • a molten aluminum alloy 3 (JIS AC 48) was poured at 700C. around the core to form a sheath casting. After casting, the core sand 6 was removed, and after machining, the end product was obtained.
  • EXAMPLE 6 An alumina layer was deposited to a thickness of 0.3 mm by plasma spraying on the outside surface of a bulge-formed pipe manufactured in the same manner as in Example 5 to make a double structure.
  • the thus obtained double structure pipe was filled with CO molding sand. Taking the filled double structure as the core, the same process as in Example 5 was executed to sheath it in a cast iron (JIS FCD 45) casting at l,450C., thereby yielding the end product.
  • JIS FCD 45 cast iron
  • the metallic materials can be utilized in the production of the internal core.
  • the metallic materials may be subjected to surface treatment of one type or another.
  • the metallic material should be less heat-conductive and more resistant to heat and corrosion. Obviously, better results will be obtained if the selection of the material is made with full consideration of its service conditions.
  • the material In order to minimize the heat lost through absorption by metal and thereby enhance the heat-insulation effect, the material should be as thin as possible in which case the initial temperature rise will be rapid although it will take less time to reach high temperatures.
  • the lower limit of thickness of the internal core must be such that it is durable and not easily damaged. In the case of a complicated internal core profile it can be produced with relative ease by bulge-forming or press-forming.
  • the thickness of the metal casting on the outside of the double structure may be similar to thicknesses obtained in common casting processes. Usually, this thickness will be approximately 3 mm when the gravity casting process is utilized. If it is desired to make the metal cast sheath thinner, other processes may be utilized, for example, the die cast process or the low pressure cast process.
  • the castings are free of defects such as cavity, porosity, casting crack, or blow hole. Since ing method described above in the examples is utilized,
  • another advantage of the present invention is that the double structure is utilized as the core for the molten metal thereby eliminating the necessity ofa separate core of the type used in producing standard cast pipe. Moreover, elimination of the above mentioned casting defects may also be attributed to the application of molten metal to a fully dried heat-insulating material.
  • a casting produced by the present method has excellent heat-insulation and the various materials and thicknesses of the core, heat-insulating material, and metal mey be selected to provide the best results for the particular application of the ultimately produced product. Moreover, complicated pipe profiles may be easily produced with the-method of the present invention. Durability of the finally produced product is vastly improved in comparison to existing pipe, and these improvements are the result of core material quality, wall thicknesses and surface treatments. Obviously, solids, liquids and gases may be passed through the pipe produced by the present method. We claim:
  • a process for manufacturing heat-insulated castings comprising the steps of providing a hollow metal core having resistance to heat and corrosion, applying a bonding agent to the outside of the core and thereafter coating a foamed alumina onto the bonding agent on the outside of the metal core, drying the thus obtained double structure at room temperature, and then at a temperature of approximately 250C. for at least about 10 hours followed by drying at about 500C. for several hours, positioning the double structure in a mold, and pouring molten metal into the mold to surround the double structure in a metal casting.
  • a process for manufacturing heat-insulated castings comprising the steps of providing a hollow metal core having resistance to heat and corrosion, applying a bonding agent to the outside of the core and thereafter applying several times repeatedly aslurry consisting of sodium silicate and zircon flour as the bonding agent on the outside of the metal core on which a foamed polystyrene is spread, drying the thus obtained double structure at room temperature, and then at a temperature of approximately 250C. for at least about 10 hours followed by drying at about 500C. for several hours, positioning the double structure in a mold, and pouring molten metal into the mold to surround the double structure in a metal casting.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
US254228A 1972-01-17 1972-05-17 Process for manufacturing heat-insulated castings Expired - Lifetime US3863701A (en)

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Cited By (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4027716A (en) * 1974-03-11 1977-06-07 Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Method for preparing a continuous casting belt
US4032105A (en) * 1975-04-25 1977-06-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Mold with improved core for metal casting operation
US4134431A (en) * 1977-05-11 1979-01-16 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Method of and apparatus for molding spigot rings on pipe sections and product of the method
WO1982001927A1 (en) * 1980-12-01 1982-06-10 Gunter Schlicht Bimetal flange connector
US4375233A (en) * 1979-11-10 1983-03-01 Axel Rossmann Method of making a turbine blade having a metal core and a ceramic airfoil
US4458924A (en) * 1980-12-01 1984-07-10 Gunter Schlicht Bimetal flange connector
US4533579A (en) * 1974-03-23 1985-08-06 Toyoda Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Vibration-resistant, heat-insulating casting and method of making
US5188023A (en) * 1991-10-30 1993-02-23 The Dupps Company Cast formed bi-metallic worm assembly and method
GB2261394A (en) * 1991-10-15 1993-05-19 Thyssen Guss Ag Method of producing cast parts with channels
US5581881A (en) * 1994-10-17 1996-12-10 Caterpillar Inc. Method of making a cylinder barrel having ceramic bore liners
US5635305A (en) * 1995-05-22 1997-06-03 Itt Automotive, Inc. Machinable cast-in-place tube enclosure fittings
US5657811A (en) * 1993-06-04 1997-08-19 Pcc Composites, Inc. Cast-in hermetic electrical feed-throughs
US5678298A (en) * 1991-03-21 1997-10-21 Howmet Corporation Method of making composite castings using reinforcement insert cladding
CN1039204C (zh) * 1993-08-18 1998-07-22 余杭县瓶窑合金钢铸造厂 用液态高铬铸铁和铸钢复合铸造腭板的方法
CN1042805C (zh) * 1994-03-28 1999-04-07 本溪钢铁公司 一种钢管镶铸方法
US5981083A (en) * 1993-01-08 1999-11-09 Howmet Corporation Method of making composite castings using reinforcement insert cladding
US6920910B2 (en) * 2001-06-13 2005-07-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Casting device, process for producing a casting device and method of using the casting device
US7469626B2 (en) 2005-07-29 2008-12-30 Honeywell International, Inc. Split ceramic bore liner, rotor body having a split ceramic bore liner and method of lining a rotor bore with a split ceramic bore liner
US20120241124A1 (en) * 2011-03-22 2012-09-27 Sami Mustafa Creating thermal uniformity in heated piping and weldment systems
US9573191B2 (en) 2013-05-17 2017-02-21 Moen Incorporated Fluid dispensing apparatus and method of manufacture
US9579714B1 (en) 2015-12-17 2017-02-28 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a lattice structure
EP3184197A1 (en) * 2015-12-17 2017-06-28 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having an internal passage defined therein
EP3184198A1 (en) * 2015-12-17 2017-06-28 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a jacketed core
EP3184199A1 (en) * 2015-12-17 2017-06-28 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a jacketed core
CN106984773A (zh) * 2015-12-17 2017-07-28 通用电气公司 用于形成具有限定在其中的催化内部通道的构件的方法和组件
US9968991B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-05-15 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a lattice structure
US9987677B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-06-05 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a jacketed core
US10099276B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-10-16 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having an internal passage defined therein
US10137499B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-11-27 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having an internal passage defined therein
US10150158B2 (en) * 2015-12-17 2018-12-11 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a jacketed core
CN109079123A (zh) * 2018-09-04 2018-12-25 鞍钢股份有限公司 一种高炉渣干式余热回收用复合铸段的制造方法
US10286450B2 (en) 2016-04-27 2019-05-14 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components using a jacketed core
US10335853B2 (en) 2016-04-27 2019-07-02 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components using a jacketed core
CN112548076A (zh) * 2020-11-19 2021-03-26 东莞材料基因高等理工研究院 双组织高温合金整体材料的制备方法及试棒、叶盘和叶环

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5114821A (en) * 1974-07-27 1976-02-05 Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd Nainenkikanno haikihootorainaano seizoho

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US927371A (en) * 1908-06-13 1909-07-06 Duplex Metals Company Process of making clad-metal articles.
US938688A (en) * 1909-08-21 1909-11-02 Wesley Groff Nichols Method of casting metals.
US938689A (en) * 1909-08-21 1909-11-02 Wesley Groff Nichols Method of casting metals.
US1025817A (en) * 1911-04-26 1912-05-07 Luckenbach Inv S Dev Company Method of making structures for superheating and other purposes.
US2690004A (en) * 1949-09-14 1954-09-28 Edward Valves Inc Method of manufacturing joints
US3170452A (en) * 1961-06-28 1965-02-23 Gen Motors Corp Valve seat
US3173451A (en) * 1960-06-23 1965-03-16 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Cast manifold with liner
US3461944A (en) * 1965-09-28 1969-08-19 Ti Line Corp Method of manufacturing a lined iron-base article
US3568723A (en) * 1967-06-23 1971-03-09 Du Pont Metal-ceramic composite structures

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US927371A (en) * 1908-06-13 1909-07-06 Duplex Metals Company Process of making clad-metal articles.
US938688A (en) * 1909-08-21 1909-11-02 Wesley Groff Nichols Method of casting metals.
US938689A (en) * 1909-08-21 1909-11-02 Wesley Groff Nichols Method of casting metals.
US1025817A (en) * 1911-04-26 1912-05-07 Luckenbach Inv S Dev Company Method of making structures for superheating and other purposes.
US2690004A (en) * 1949-09-14 1954-09-28 Edward Valves Inc Method of manufacturing joints
US3173451A (en) * 1960-06-23 1965-03-16 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Cast manifold with liner
US3170452A (en) * 1961-06-28 1965-02-23 Gen Motors Corp Valve seat
US3461944A (en) * 1965-09-28 1969-08-19 Ti Line Corp Method of manufacturing a lined iron-base article
US3568723A (en) * 1967-06-23 1971-03-09 Du Pont Metal-ceramic composite structures

Cited By (45)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4027716A (en) * 1974-03-11 1977-06-07 Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Method for preparing a continuous casting belt
US4533579A (en) * 1974-03-23 1985-08-06 Toyoda Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Vibration-resistant, heat-insulating casting and method of making
US4032105A (en) * 1975-04-25 1977-06-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Mold with improved core for metal casting operation
US4134431A (en) * 1977-05-11 1979-01-16 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Method of and apparatus for molding spigot rings on pipe sections and product of the method
US4375233A (en) * 1979-11-10 1983-03-01 Axel Rossmann Method of making a turbine blade having a metal core and a ceramic airfoil
WO1982001927A1 (en) * 1980-12-01 1982-06-10 Gunter Schlicht Bimetal flange connector
US4458924A (en) * 1980-12-01 1984-07-10 Gunter Schlicht Bimetal flange connector
US5678298A (en) * 1991-03-21 1997-10-21 Howmet Corporation Method of making composite castings using reinforcement insert cladding
GB2261394A (en) * 1991-10-15 1993-05-19 Thyssen Guss Ag Method of producing cast parts with channels
US5188023A (en) * 1991-10-30 1993-02-23 The Dupps Company Cast formed bi-metallic worm assembly and method
US5981083A (en) * 1993-01-08 1999-11-09 Howmet Corporation Method of making composite castings using reinforcement insert cladding
US5657811A (en) * 1993-06-04 1997-08-19 Pcc Composites, Inc. Cast-in hermetic electrical feed-throughs
CN1039204C (zh) * 1993-08-18 1998-07-22 余杭县瓶窑合金钢铸造厂 用液态高铬铸铁和铸钢复合铸造腭板的方法
CN1042805C (zh) * 1994-03-28 1999-04-07 本溪钢铁公司 一种钢管镶铸方法
US5581881A (en) * 1994-10-17 1996-12-10 Caterpillar Inc. Method of making a cylinder barrel having ceramic bore liners
US5635305A (en) * 1995-05-22 1997-06-03 Itt Automotive, Inc. Machinable cast-in-place tube enclosure fittings
US5899233A (en) * 1995-05-22 1999-05-04 Itt Automotive, Inc. Machinable cast-in-place tube enclosure fittings
US6920910B2 (en) * 2001-06-13 2005-07-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Casting device, process for producing a casting device and method of using the casting device
US7469626B2 (en) 2005-07-29 2008-12-30 Honeywell International, Inc. Split ceramic bore liner, rotor body having a split ceramic bore liner and method of lining a rotor bore with a split ceramic bore liner
US20120241124A1 (en) * 2011-03-22 2012-09-27 Sami Mustafa Creating thermal uniformity in heated piping and weldment systems
US9435477B2 (en) * 2011-03-22 2016-09-06 Sami Mustafa Creating thermal uniformity in heated piping and weldment systems
US9573191B2 (en) 2013-05-17 2017-02-21 Moen Incorporated Fluid dispensing apparatus and method of manufacture
US9579714B1 (en) 2015-12-17 2017-02-28 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a lattice structure
US10099276B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-10-16 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having an internal passage defined therein
EP3184198A1 (en) * 2015-12-17 2017-06-28 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a jacketed core
EP3184199A1 (en) * 2015-12-17 2017-06-28 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a jacketed core
CN106925721A (zh) * 2015-12-17 2017-07-07 通用电气公司 用于形成具有限定在其中的内部通路的构件的方法及组件
CN106984773A (zh) * 2015-12-17 2017-07-28 通用电气公司 用于形成具有限定在其中的催化内部通道的构件的方法和组件
CN107042289A (zh) * 2015-12-17 2017-08-15 通用电气公司 用于使用套芯形成具有内部通路的构件的方法及组件
US9968991B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-05-15 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a lattice structure
US9975176B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-05-22 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a lattice structure
US9987677B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-06-05 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a jacketed core
US10046389B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-08-14 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a jacketed core
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US10099284B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-10-16 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having a catalyzed internal passage defined therein
US10099283B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-10-16 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having an internal passage defined therein
US10118217B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-11-06 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a jacketed core
US10137499B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-11-27 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having an internal passage defined therein
US10150158B2 (en) * 2015-12-17 2018-12-11 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a jacketed core
CN106925721B (zh) * 2015-12-17 2020-10-09 通用电气公司 用于形成具有限定在其中的内部通路的构件的方法及组件
US10286450B2 (en) 2016-04-27 2019-05-14 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components using a jacketed core
US10335853B2 (en) 2016-04-27 2019-07-02 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components using a jacketed core
US10981221B2 (en) 2016-04-27 2021-04-20 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components using a jacketed core
CN109079123A (zh) * 2018-09-04 2018-12-25 鞍钢股份有限公司 一种高炉渣干式余热回收用复合铸段的制造方法
CN112548076A (zh) * 2020-11-19 2021-03-26 东莞材料基因高等理工研究院 双组织高温合金整体材料的制备方法及试棒、叶盘和叶环

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JPS5413852B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1979-06-02
JPS4876734A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-10-16

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