US3860218A - Treatment apparatus for compositions of matter - Google Patents

Treatment apparatus for compositions of matter Download PDF

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Publication number
US3860218A
US3860218A US332148A US33214873A US3860218A US 3860218 A US3860218 A US 3860218A US 332148 A US332148 A US 332148A US 33214873 A US33214873 A US 33214873A US 3860218 A US3860218 A US 3860218A
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duct
cylinders
cylinder
nozzle block
pressure
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US332148A
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English (en)
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Hans P Hurlimann
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/45—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads
    • B01F25/451—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by means for moving the materials to be mixed or the mixture
    • B01F25/4512—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by means for moving the materials to be mixed or the mixture with reciprocating pistons

Definitions

  • the ducts of the nozzle body have a cross section which is noncircular and may include a constriction so that flow through the duct or ducts will be at essentially uniform speed over its cross section to improve mixing and wall contact of individual elements of the substances passing through the duct or ducts.
  • the nozzle body is clamped in position between the cylinders by a releasable compression element, for example, hydraulically operated; a release or lifting pressure jack is provided to separate the cylinders, when desired, so that the nozzle block can be easily removed.
  • the present invention relates to an apparatus to treat compositions of matter, and more particularly to mix macro molecular substances.
  • one such apparatus utilizes a pair of essentially cylindrical compression cylinders which are separated by a nozzle block through which nozzle-shaped ducts pass.
  • the treatment substance is included in the cylinders and pushed back and forth, through the apertures, to mix substances therein, or to treat substances by wall contact with the nozzle block.
  • treatment should be understood to mean a wide variety of operations and processes, and not only mixing.
  • other treatment processes may be plasticising, intermixing, adding and mixing, homogenizing, dispersing, separately or combined with further treatment operations such as addition of heat; removal of heat; extrusion through nozzles or constrictions; evaporation; vacuum treatment; or other treatment steps such as, for example, breakdown of macro molecular substances under increased pressure, for example gas pressure, linking, cross linking, or polymerization of substances, and other process and treatment steps.
  • Banbury A pair of steel rollers the temperature of which can be controlled, is located to form a slit or nip therebetween and substances to be mixed are pulled or drawn through the slit between the rollers.
  • the substances being pulled through the slit are stretched, sheared, or mixed more or less.
  • Proper use of the machine requires skilled and attentive operators. Additionally, the process is difficult to control and output which is not properly mixed is frequent; the output must, therefore, be constantly tested.
  • the open mixing roller-type mill apparatus is widely used, primarily due to its versatility and adaptability to various substances.
  • Single-chamber enclosed mixers of the Banbury or Werner & Pfleiderer type use a closed chamber, in which the substance to be mixed is included.
  • a pair of shafts with eccentrically located projections or lands pass through the chamber, so that the goods to be mixed are placed under shear stress.
  • This apparatus permits high shearing speed to occur only at localized regions and no assurance is given that all particles are subjected to passage through a zone of high shearing speeds during a plurality of times, as is required for homogenizing.
  • the substances to be mixed experience a temperature rise so that high shearing stresses cannot be obtained, necessary for dispersions, due to the decrease of viscosity. Cooling the chamber itself usually is not sufficient to remove generated heat,
  • Treatment in which various elements or components should be treated in sequential steps is difficult to be carried out since the quantities to be mixed have to be matched to the required mixing quantities, at any time during the steps, which interferes with economical operation of the system and the treatment method.
  • a fixed sequence of treatment steps has to be prepared although the mixing systems or types or steps should desirably be different.
  • one type of mixing may be desirable for one type of substance since there may be deviations from ideal or design requirements.
  • the mixer cannot accommodate such variations, and will not respond to control itself, or to be subject to external control, in case the specifically required mixing procedures should differ from batch to batch.
  • the actual treatment of the material, and the resulting out put may vary from batch to batch.
  • Rotary interior mixers have been proposed (see Swiss Pat. No. 505,678), in which a closed cylindrical chamber is provided within which a rotating and axially movable disk is placed. The disk separates the chamber into two sub-divisions. The apertured disk is rotated, and the substance to be treated is pressed from one portion of the chamber, towards the rotating disk, to pass axially through the apertures into the other chamber portion. Due to rotor rotation, the substance is subjected to shear stresses and plasticized thereby.
  • Cooling of the rotor disk causes an increase in viscosityof the substance to be treated at the surface of the rotor, so that there will be steep temperature drops within the mass subjected to shearing stress, and the shearing process itself is changed from affecting warmer, and thus more viscous material.
  • the material, interiorly, therefore is no longer heated at the surface of the disk only, which is the place at which high temperature gradients can be effectively compensated.
  • the rotor disk chamber mixer such as the aforementioned chamber mixer can operate only in accordance with a fixed predetermined treatment sequence or system.
  • the treatment itself may affect various batches differently, so that the actual composition of the substance to be treated may vary widely from batch to batch. It is, however, desired that the final output should be as uniform as possible, that the viscosity of the output should be uniform, and that the output substances be as consistent as possible so that they can be introduced into subsequent fully automatic treatment or working processes.
  • the apparatus should, further, be capable of permitting automatic control of supervision and, when used for example for mixing, permit completely automatic control of the mixing processes or steps being carried out by the apparatus on the substances.
  • a nozzle block formed with at least one and preferably a plurality of parallel ducts is clamped between a pair of pressure cylinders, between which substances are pushed from one side of the block, through the block to the other.
  • the cross section of the connecting duct, or ducts is selected, in accordance with the present invention, to be non-circular.
  • the nozzle block can readily be removed from its clamped position between the pressure cylinders and easily replaced.
  • the connecting nozzles or ducts, between the pressure cylinders can thus be designed to fit the desired process, and can be easily formed with necessary connections for cooling, heating, for the addition of test or sensing elements, and can be placed to be externally freely accessible.
  • the substance to be treated can be directly affected by treatment parameters.
  • the substance is immediately affected by these treatment parameters, which can be changed, and the entire substance is necessarily subjected to the treatment conditions which occur in the duct, or ducts in which it is treated.
  • one single batch by being moved repetitively to and fro between the treatment cylinders, through the duct or ducts, can be treated in various ways, with treatment being repeated until, upon measuring or testing, that degree of change in substance, due to treatment, is sensed, which is desired.
  • Temperature, as well as uniformity of substance, viscosity and the like can be selected as test parameters, for which the substance is then checked.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view, with the section lines being at 90 with respect to each other along lines I-I of FIG. la, in highly schematic representation, of the apparatus of the present invention
  • FIG. la is a highly schematic top view of the apparatus of FIG. 1, and illustrating the apparatus of FIG. 1 omitting parts not necessary for an understanding of g the sectional view;
  • FIG. 2 illustrates conditions without addition, or removal of heat
  • FIG. 3 with heat removal,.and FIG. 4 with addition of heat
  • FIG. 5 is an isometric view, highly schematic of flow paths in an elliptical connecting duct
  • FIG. 6 is a transverse view showing, from the top, flow conditions in an elliptical duct
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective, exploded illustration of a nozzle block with a radially adjustable projecting element
  • FIG. 7a is a top view of the nozzle block and its aperture, in schematic representation; and illustrating two projecting elements
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective, exploded view of nozzle blocks, partly broken away, in which the ducts have constrictions formed therein, and the nozzle blocks are assembled in sections.
  • a pair of pressure chambers 2, 3 are separated from each other by a nozzle block 1 which is axially pierced by one or more connecting channels or ducts 4.
  • the pressure chambers 2, 3 are defined by cylinders 5,5 in which pistons 8, 8', respectively, are movably located.
  • Each piston is connected to a piston rod 9, 9', respectively, operated by a hydraulic, pneumatic or other power system 7, 7 for example cylinders l1, 11' within which pistons l0, 10' are reciprocated under hydraulic pressure from supplies, not shown.
  • a pair of hydraulic clamping pressure-cylinder arrangements 13, 13' (FIG. 1a) are located diametrically with respect to the apparatus at the upper side thereof; only one is visible in FIG. 1.
  • the piston-cylinder combination 13 includes a piston rod 14 which acts over an elastic intermediate layer 18 on a pressure plate 17, to which the upper cylinder 5 is secured.
  • Intermediate elastic counter plates 19 support cylinder 14a against a top yoke 20.
  • the upper pressure cylinder can be lifted or raised by means of a separately releasable pressure cylinder-piston arrangement 21, 21 to permit easy removal of the nozzle block 1 after pressure has been released in the cylinder-piston arrangement l3, 13'.
  • the lower pressure cylinder 5' bears by means of flanges 22 on a frame 23.
  • Frame 23 extends over the entire length of the apparatus and accepts longitudinal forces.
  • Frame 23 and flange 22 bear against a support base 24, for example a concrete slab.
  • All cylinder-piston drives are operated by hydraulic pressure fluid, supplied from a pressure pump, not shown, over lines likewise not shown and well known in the art.
  • the nozzle block 1, located between the two pressure chambers 2, 3, has at least one connecting duct 4 therein, which has a cross section which is non-circular Mixing effects vary widely across the cross-sectional area of the ducts, particularly when the ducts are longer.
  • the shear speed is zero, as illustrated by the parabolic velocity distribution profile seen under b in FIG. 2.
  • Liquids which are structurally viscous, or are non-Newton types have a drop of shear velocity with respect to the axis of the duct, starting from the duct wall, which is even greater.
  • the shear or mixing effect is very low, as seen by the speed profile c in FIG. 2. The low mixing effect, particularly in liquids which are structurally viscous, can be improved by cooling the connecting ducts (see FIG. 3).
  • Dilatant (graph a) and Newton-type (graph b) liquids will have increasing shear velocities, towards the direction of the axis of the duct, if the walls are cooled.
  • the non-Newton-type liquids (graph 0) have the desired triangular velocity profile.
  • Heating of the wall changes the velocity profiles, as seen in FIG. 4; the zone of decreased shear velocity is increased in all three liquids.
  • the temperature dependence of viscosity is, however, not universally applicable with respect to many types of mixtures.
  • the cross-sectional aspect of the duct is changed to deviate from a circular cross section, for example by forming the cross section as an oval, or a different form, then secondary currents will be obtained.
  • the duct 30 (FIGS. 5, 6) has an oval cross section with a ratio of axes y x of 1 2, then structurally viscous liquids will have secondary currents A-A'; B-B'; C-C; and D-D' arise, so that the substance to be treated will flow along the longer axis towards the interior, and outwardly along the shorter axis, resulting in four spiral eddy currents, or spiral turbular flow paths.
  • the substance to be treated will thus be, alternately, in a zone 31 of high shear velocity, that is, along the edge of the wall, and in a zone with low shear velocity in the region 32 of the flow along the core.
  • the nozzle block 1 is constructed to have at least one duct of a cross section which is non-circular.
  • the nozzle block may be made of a plurality of sections, as will be explained in detail in connection with FIG. 8.
  • the ratio of the short to long axes is not critical and may vary, for example between 1.5 l to 8 l.
  • the length of the duct, with respect to the smallest diameter, may also vary in accordance with the articles to be treated. It has been found that a desirable range for some substances is a duct length of about times the dimension of the smallest diameter which may be selected to be between 0.5 and 3 mm, for example.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 provide effective mixing of structurally viscous substances over the entire cross-sectional area of the duct, even without cooling of the duct walls.
  • the nozzle block of FIG. 7 is particularly designed to plasticize raw rubber. It utilizes pressure chambers 2, 3 and a nozzle of duct block 40 between the pressure chambers.
  • the duct 41 in block 40 may be generally circular see FIG. 7a and the non-circular aspect of the duct is obtained by introducing obstacles within the clearance space of the duct, for example bolts 42.
  • Bolts 42 are pressed into the substance to be passed through the ducts, for example by a pressure drive illustrated by the double arrow 42', in such a manner that bolt 42 will cause interruption in straight flow through duct 41 to effect shear, and back-up or damming of the substance being pressed through duct 41.
  • the bolt 42 can be moved from totally recessed position within block 40 to a substantially projected position. Increasing the extent of projection increases the plasticizing effect.
  • the constriction may have a ratio of l 5 with respect to the clear diameter of duct 41.
  • the constricton is preferably located in an intermediate zone constriction the connecting channel 41 and extends for an axial extent of no more than about the diameter of the duct 41.
  • Block 50 is a composite block which consists of section elements 52 set in a ring 51. It is particularly useful for a dispersion process, in which high shear stresses are to be obtained without temperature rise.
  • Each one of the ducts has one or more inserts located therein to form a diaphragm-like constriction.
  • the inserts are subject to wear, and are preferably made of hard metal. Very high shear stresses, and consequent heating of the substance will be caused by the inserts.
  • the adjacent outer zones of the ducts 54 are constructed to remove the heat generated by the diaphragm-like constrictions 53 as much as possible; ducts 55 and 56 are located in the block to guide cooling fluid into the block; the blocks are formed with transverse bores 57 through which cooling fluid may pass.
  • the sections 52 forming the block are separated along separating surfaces; the longitudinal ducts 54 are preferably located along the separating lines between the blocks, as seen in FIG. 8, so that the ducts may be freely accessible as open grooves formed in the separating surfaces of the elements.
  • the apparatus can be arranged in any orientation desired, vertically or horizontally.
  • a chemically reactive gas such as compressed air or other desired gases can be introduced into the reaction chambers 2, 3 in order to modify or affect the process, for example if raw or natural rubber is to be treated.
  • the machine is cleaned by removing the treated substance, for example by carrying piston 8 (FIG. 1) downwardly until it meets the nozzle block 4, that is, until it is flush with the forward edges of the cylinder 5.
  • a solvent or other cleaning fluid is then introduced into the lower piston 5, for example by injection, and the solvent is then pushed back and forth between the two pistons 8, 8' until all remaining solid particles are dissolved; thereafter, the solvent can be removed by suction, ejected, or otherwise taken out of the chambers, by means not shown and well known in the art.
  • a vacuum pump can be applied to the pressure chambers 2, 3, for example by connection to a bore 25 formed in block 4, so that volatile components from the substance to be mixed can be removed; water, solvents, or other fluid can likewise be removed in this manner.
  • the nozzle block 4 is readily interchangeable, so that the particular nozzle block, with the particular size openings, and of the particular length which is most suitable for the substance to be treated can be selected.
  • the interchange of nozzle blocks 4 is simple.
  • One charge, or batch, in one of the cylinders can be treated in different ways by introducing different nozzle blocks so that sequential treatment by sequentially different processes, with sequentially exchanged nozzle blocks is possible.
  • the temperature of the substance to be treated, for example to be mixed, can always be held below a critical value.
  • the pressure chambers 2, 3 are easily cleaned by completely moving the pistons 8, 8 to their final positions.
  • the amount of charge, or the size of the batch being treated can vary widely, within the capacity limits of the cylinders 5.
  • the apparatus can be operated automatically, and up and down (FIG. 1) movement of the pistons 8, 8', their speed, and the force can be controlled automatically for example based on sensing of the composition, or characteristics of the substances to be treated.
  • Apparatus for treatment of composition of matter, particularly for mixing of macro molecular substances comprising:
  • a nozzle block (1; 40; 51, 52) located between the cylinders and being formed with at least one duct (4; 41; 54) of non-circular cross section establishing communication between said cylinders and to permit the composition of matter to be moved from one cylinder into the other, through the duct, upon movement of the pistons, to effect treatment of the composition of matter;
  • Apparatus according to claim 3 wherein the block has a dimension between terminal ends of the duct therethrough which is more than about ten times the minimum cross-sectional dimension of the duct.
  • the nozzle block comprises a plurality of elements (52) separable in parallel planes parallel to the axes of the duct on ducts and extending between the cylinders so that the duct or ducts are accessible as open grooves formed in the elements.
  • Apparatus according to claim 11 further comprising a carrier ring member (51) securing the elements together.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a projecting bolt extending into the duct, the length of extension into the duct being adjustable.
  • the fluid cylinder and piston means comprises compressing cyl inder piston means (13, 13) acting to press the pressure cylinders towards each other, and release cylinderpiston means (21, 21) selectively controllable, acting in opposition to the compression cylinder-piston means (13, 13) and located to relatively move the pressure cylinders (5, 5) in opposite directions with respect to each other, to release the nozzle block (1, 40, 51, 52) from clamped position between said cylinders (5, 5).
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising fluid duct means (25) formed in the nozzle block and externally accessible to permit introduction of treatment substance to the nozzle block, or the cylinders, respectively.
  • Apparatus for treatment of compositions of matter, particularly for mixing of macro molecular substances comprising a pair of opposed pressure cylinders (5, 5), operating pistons (8, 8) therein and means (10, ll; 10, 11') moving the pistons in their cylinders;
  • a nozzle block (1) located between the cylinders and being formed with at least one duct (4) to establish communication between said cylinders and to permit the composition of matter to be moved from one cylinder into the other, through the duct (4.) upon movement of the pistons, to effect treatment of the composition;
  • the cylinder-piston means includes fluid cylinderpiston compression means (13, 13') acting on the upper cylinder (5) of said vertically stacked pressure cylinders to clamp the nozzle block between said pressure cylinders, said cylinder-piston means further including release pressure-cylinder means (21, 21') acting on said upper cylinder (5) of said vertically stacked pressure cylinders to lift said upper pressure cylinder and release the nozzle on the other of said cylinders (5) to clamp the nozzle block (1) between said pressure cylinders, and further includes release piston-cylinder means (21, 21) acting on said other cylinder (5) to separate said compression cylinders from each other and release the nozzle block (1) from clamp engagement between said pressure cylinders.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
US332148A 1972-02-18 1973-02-13 Treatment apparatus for compositions of matter Expired - Lifetime US3860218A (en)

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CH238672A CH542699A (de) 1972-02-18 1972-02-18 Vorrichtung zum Behandeln von Stoffen

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US3860218A true US3860218A (en) 1975-01-14

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JP (1) JPS4890051A (it)
CH (1) CH542699A (it)
DD (2) DD102335A5 (it)
DE (1) DE2307659A1 (it)
FR (1) FR2172334B1 (it)
GB (1) GB1426648A (it)
IT (1) IT983452B (it)

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4350650A (en) * 1979-01-09 1982-09-21 Euro-Linea S.N.C. Di Colombo & C. Method for admixing at least two liquids and feeding them to a shaping mould
US4876038A (en) * 1987-12-10 1989-10-24 Colgate-Palmolive Company Apparatus for making a post-foaming gel
US4915881A (en) * 1987-12-10 1990-04-10 Colgate-Palmolive Company Apparatus for making a post foaming gel
US5078911A (en) * 1987-12-10 1992-01-07 Colgate-Palmolive Company Apparatus for making a post-foaming gel
US5112525A (en) * 1987-12-10 1992-05-12 Colgate-Palmolive Company Method for making a post-foaming gel
US5150063A (en) * 1990-07-10 1992-09-22 Rohde & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg Bridge for measuring the reflection coefficient
US5251978A (en) * 1989-09-11 1993-10-12 Bellhouse Technology Limited Driving device for a vortex mixing apparatus
US6062722A (en) * 1997-10-21 2000-05-16 Micron Communications, Inc. Fluid mixing and withdrawing methods
US6079866A (en) * 1998-02-19 2000-06-27 General Electric Company Mixing apparatus for mixing thermosetting and thermoplastic resin blends prior to molding
US6305413B1 (en) * 1999-02-19 2001-10-23 Ultradent Products, Inc. Mixing adaptor system
US6429268B1 (en) 1998-04-28 2002-08-06 Heriot-Watt University Method and apparatus for phase separated synthesis
US20040120217A1 (en) * 2002-12-23 2004-06-24 Sentmanat Martin Lamar Dual chamber orifice mixer and method of use
US20040125690A1 (en) * 2002-12-30 2004-07-01 Sentmanat Martin Lamar Cascading orifice mixer
US20050209555A1 (en) * 2004-03-18 2005-09-22 Lance Middleton Systems and methods for mixing fluids
US20080212399A1 (en) * 2005-05-24 2008-09-04 Mihra Pharmaceuticals Double-Chamber Mixing Device For Viscous Pharmaceutical Substances
US20100260004A1 (en) * 2007-11-08 2010-10-14 Yiping Wang Device and system for mixing and dispensing components stored separately from one another
US20110160700A1 (en) * 2008-09-05 2011-06-30 Oncotherapy Science, Inc. Device and method for automatically preparing emulsion drug
US20110176382A1 (en) * 2010-01-15 2011-07-21 Spine Wave, Inc. Systems and Methods for Mixing Fluids
US20150102518A1 (en) * 2013-10-15 2015-04-16 Uop Llc Apparatus and method for high throughput extrudate preparation

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EP0092975B1 (en) * 1982-04-27 1987-01-14 The British Petroleum Company p.l.c. Sample receiving and mixing device
DE502005011200D1 (de) * 2004-12-01 2011-05-12 Hans P Huerlimann Mischreaktor und verfahren zum kontinuierlichen ausstossen eines behandelten stoffes mit einem dergestalten mischreaktor
FR2914566B1 (fr) * 2007-04-05 2009-05-22 Univ Louis Pasteur Etablisseme Dispositif melangeur modulaire et instrumente pour le melange d'au moins deux matieres visqueuses.
JP2012157818A (ja) * 2011-01-31 2012-08-23 Nokodai Tlo Kk 反応装置

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US2647732A (en) * 1952-03-13 1953-08-04 James O Jarman Fluid mixing chamber
US2948920A (en) * 1957-10-28 1960-08-16 John M Hausman Aligned double cylinders and rams for plastic mixing apparatus
US2992194A (en) * 1958-09-09 1961-07-11 B B Chem Co Methods and devices for mixing and discharging fluid components
US3353918A (en) * 1962-10-25 1967-11-21 Perrin Alan Philip Apparatus for manufacturing mouldable urethane foams
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Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4350650A (en) * 1979-01-09 1982-09-21 Euro-Linea S.N.C. Di Colombo & C. Method for admixing at least two liquids and feeding them to a shaping mould
US4876038A (en) * 1987-12-10 1989-10-24 Colgate-Palmolive Company Apparatus for making a post-foaming gel
US4915881A (en) * 1987-12-10 1990-04-10 Colgate-Palmolive Company Apparatus for making a post foaming gel
AU617728B2 (en) * 1987-12-10 1991-12-05 Colgate-Palmolive Company, The Apparatus for making a post-foaming gel
US5078911A (en) * 1987-12-10 1992-01-07 Colgate-Palmolive Company Apparatus for making a post-foaming gel
US5112525A (en) * 1987-12-10 1992-05-12 Colgate-Palmolive Company Method for making a post-foaming gel
US5251978A (en) * 1989-09-11 1993-10-12 Bellhouse Technology Limited Driving device for a vortex mixing apparatus
US5150063A (en) * 1990-07-10 1992-09-22 Rohde & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg Bridge for measuring the reflection coefficient
US6062722A (en) * 1997-10-21 2000-05-16 Micron Communications, Inc. Fluid mixing and withdrawing methods
US6079866A (en) * 1998-02-19 2000-06-27 General Electric Company Mixing apparatus for mixing thermosetting and thermoplastic resin blends prior to molding
US6429268B1 (en) 1998-04-28 2002-08-06 Heriot-Watt University Method and apparatus for phase separated synthesis
US6305413B1 (en) * 1999-02-19 2001-10-23 Ultradent Products, Inc. Mixing adaptor system
US6799884B2 (en) 2002-12-23 2004-10-05 The Goodyear Tire And Rubber Company Dual chamber orifice mixer and method of use
US20040120217A1 (en) * 2002-12-23 2004-06-24 Sentmanat Martin Lamar Dual chamber orifice mixer and method of use
US7033067B2 (en) 2002-12-30 2006-04-25 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Cascading orifice mixer
US20040125690A1 (en) * 2002-12-30 2004-07-01 Sentmanat Martin Lamar Cascading orifice mixer
US8109902B2 (en) 2004-03-18 2012-02-07 Spine Wave, Inc. Systems and methods for mixing fluids
US20050209555A1 (en) * 2004-03-18 2005-09-22 Lance Middleton Systems and methods for mixing fluids
US20100042044A1 (en) * 2004-03-18 2010-02-18 Spine Wave, Inc. Systems and Methods for Mixing Fluids
US20080212399A1 (en) * 2005-05-24 2008-09-04 Mihra Pharmaceuticals Double-Chamber Mixing Device For Viscous Pharmaceutical Substances
US7878704B2 (en) * 2005-05-24 2011-02-01 Uteron Pharma S.A. Double-chamber mixing device for viscous pharmaceutical substances
US20100260004A1 (en) * 2007-11-08 2010-10-14 Yiping Wang Device and system for mixing and dispensing components stored separately from one another
US8596859B2 (en) * 2007-11-08 2013-12-03 Nexmed Holdings, Inc. Device and system for mixing and dispensing components stored separately from one another
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DD102335A5 (it) 1973-12-12
DE2307659A1 (de) 1973-08-30
DD102774A5 (it) 1973-12-20
IT983452B (it) 1974-10-31
JPS4890051A (it) 1973-11-24
CH542699A (de) 1973-10-15
GB1426648A (en) 1976-03-03
FR2172334A1 (it) 1973-09-28
FR2172334B1 (it) 1977-02-04

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