US3860158A - Book rough cutter with raker tooth - Google Patents

Book rough cutter with raker tooth Download PDF

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Publication number
US3860158A
US3860158A US366464A US36646473A US3860158A US 3860158 A US3860158 A US 3860158A US 366464 A US366464 A US 366464A US 36646473 A US36646473 A US 36646473A US 3860158 A US3860158 A US 3860158A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
disk
tooth
leading surface
roughing
book
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US366464A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Aspinwall
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Comstock and Wescott Inc
Original Assignee
Comstock and Wescott Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Comstock and Wescott Inc filed Critical Comstock and Wescott Inc
Priority to US366464A priority Critical patent/US3860158A/en
Priority to FR7409814A priority patent/FR2231485B3/fr
Priority to CH445674A priority patent/CH582582A5/xx
Priority to GB1484974A priority patent/GB1427483A/en
Priority to DE2416460A priority patent/DE2416460A1/de
Priority to IT21461/74A priority patent/IT1006461B/it
Priority to US49455874 priority patent/US3905531A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3860158A publication Critical patent/US3860158A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42C—BOOKBINDING
    • B42C5/00—Preparing the edges or backs of leaves or signatures for binding
    • B42C5/04—Preparing the edges or backs of leaves or signatures for binding by notching or roughening
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T225/00—Severing by tearing or breaking
    • Y10T225/30—Breaking or tearing apparatus
    • Y10T225/307—Combined with preliminary weakener or with nonbreaking cutter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/10—Cutters, for shaping including noncutting work modifying means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/929—Tool or tool with support
    • Y10T83/9319—Toothed blade or tooth therefor
    • Y10T83/9324—With additional cutting means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/929—Tool or tool with support
    • Y10T83/9319—Toothed blade or tooth therefor
    • Y10T83/9365—Teeth having cutting edge parallel to blade surface

Definitions

  • a cutting wheel for roughing the backbone of the collated leaves in an unbound book has a number of rough cutting teeth set around the periphery of a disk or like wheel body, each tooth having a cutting edge formed by a leading surface which is inclined radially inwardly and rearwardly with respect to disk rotation so that as the book is fed into the wheel each tooth cuts and partially detaches a series of tab like fragments along the backbone edge of each leaf and then twists the tabs with a tearing action.
  • One or more raker teeth with raking edges slightly below the ends of the cutting teeth edges inclined oppositely to the cutting teeth twist the tabs with reverse twist tearing them from the leaves so as to leave a substantially continuous fibrous edge along the torn edge of the leaves.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a book rough cutter which provides improved roughing and exposed fibre formation with rough cuts of up to 0.045 inch depth at the backbone edges of book leaves, but which substantially eliminates the partially detached tabs.
  • a cutting wheel for roughing the backbone of the collated leaves in an unbound book comprises a planar disk rotatable in a given direction; a plurality of cutting teeth spaced around the disk, each tooth including a leading surface with a cutting edge extending transverse the disk plane, the leading surface having a radially inward inclination in one direction with respect to disk rotation so as to twist partially detached paper fragments at the leaf edges in one direction; and atleast one raker tooth on the disk having a raking edge substantially coplanar with one end of the cutting edge, the raker tooth being inclined at an angle deviating oppositely to the radially inward inclination of the leading surface so as to twist the partially detached fragments oppositely to the twist of the leadingsurface and tear the fragments from the book leaves leaving a substantially continuous rough, fibrous edge on the leaves.
  • FIG. 1 is a top plan view of book cutting apparatus, parts beingbroken away;
  • FIG. 2 is a section on line 22 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged side elevation of a portion of a book rough cutting wheel
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged plan view of wheel portion of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged side elevation like FIG. 3.
  • FIGS. 6 to 9 are enlarged schematic side elevations showing. the cutting and roughing operations on the backbone of a book.
  • the collated pages of a book 1 are held between clamps 2 and fed on a line indicated by an arrow 1* past a circular backup plate 3 and over a rougher-raker wheel 4 rotating in the direction of arrow 4*.
  • the back-up plate 3 has a groove 6 on its under side accommodating the cutting wheel while an ungrooved skirt portion 7 holds the exposed backbone at the lower edge of the book against displacement by the wheel.
  • the wheel has a relatively large number, e.g., 44, carbide roughing teeth 8, and one or more carbide raker teeth 9 located above and below the disk shaped body 11 of the wheel.
  • the roughing teeth 8, as shown enlarged in FIGS. 2 to 5, are set by brazing or welding in triangular sockets 12 in the periphery of the disk body.
  • Each roughing tooth 8 is generally in the shape of a 60 triangular prism 0.75 inches long and 0.25 inches on each side extending transversely above and below the plane of the disk 11.
  • Each tooth has a leading surface 13 with respect to disk rotation 4*.
  • the leading surface has a cutting edge 14 extending between points A and D at the upper side of the disk.
  • the upper end of the roughing tooth is a triangular facet defined by points A, B and C.
  • Line A B is inclined typically 10 from the horizontal with downward clearance in respect to disk rotation.
  • Line A C is typically inclined 30 to 35 inwardly and downwardly of the disk.
  • a small chamfer is ground at the upper, outer corner A of the leading surface 13.
  • the raker tooth 9 is a simple rectangular bar five eighths of an inch long, 3/8 of an inch wide and one quarter inch thick set in a rectangular socket 21 so that the top surface 22 has a slight clearance Z, e.g., 0.007 inch, below the corners A of the roughing teeth 8.
  • the raker tooth has a leading raking edge 23 bounded by the top surface 22, which raking edge extends to radially outer corner 24 located inwardly of the cutting edges of the roughing teeth 8 approximately at the radius of the disk body 11, but above the plane side of the disk.
  • the raking edge of the raker teeth 9 is inclined with negative hook inwardly and forwardly, or oppositely to the roughing teeth inclination with respect to disk rotation.
  • Other inclinations of the raker tooth may be used so long as their inclination deviates oppositely with respect to the inclination of the roughing teeth.
  • FIG. 6 a roughing tooth 8 is shown entering the backbone portion 10 of the book 1 which depends below the clamps 2 of FIG. 1.
  • the roughing teeth extend to an upward depth of cut X typically of 0.025 to 0.045 inch, typically 0.035 to 0.045 the out being made by the cutting edge 14 between points A and D.
  • the vertical cut 31 through each leaf of the book is relatively precise and clean.
  • FIG. 7 the book has advanced between the penetration of the previous roughing tooth 8 by a distance F of book roughing feed per tooth.
  • a distance F of book roughing feed per tooth With a forty four roughing tooth wheel, 9.25 inch in diameter, rotating at 3,600 rpm, and a linear book feed of 3,000 inches per minute the book feed rate per tooth is 0.017 inch.
  • successive vertical cuts 31, 31* are made at the feed rate forming a series of tab or chip shaped fragments 32 along the backbone edge of each book leaf 1.
  • Tab formation may be increased by increasing the book feed rate per tooth.
  • two such clean cut tabs are shown as successive roughing teeth 8 make the clean vertical cuts 31 and 31*.
  • each roughing tooth 8 in addition to making the clean vertical cuts 31 of FIG. 7, also tends to twist each tab 32 around a vertical axis Y out of the plane of the leaf 1 and also bends the tab along the plane of its leaf rotating the axis of the tab from position Y to Y*.
  • the axial twisting of the tab indicated by the arrow T - is attributable to the previously described inwardly rearward inclination of the roughing tooth leading surface 13.
  • the bending is due to the rotational advance of the tooth, it being believed that the inclined upper facet of the roughing tooth allows the tab to slide over the top of the tooth after bending.
  • the twisted and bent condition of the tabs can be observed together with the tearing of the tab at the extreme depth of cut 33 where rough fibres 34 are formed at the edge of the backbone.
  • the partially detached tab fragments are undesirable because they will absorb the subsequently applied binding glue joining the backbone to the book cover, but then tear loose from the leaves allowing the leaves to separate from the book.
  • the tabs partially torn from the backbone by the roughing teeth are further torn from the backbone by one or more raker teeth 9.
  • the raker teeth 9 because of their opposite inclination relative to the roughing teeth impart a counter twist T* to the tab 32 completing the tearing of the tab from its leaf 1 and completing formation of a rough fibrous torn edge 34, 35 substantially continuously and free of tabs along the backbone.
  • Such a fibrous edge forms an ideal foundation for glue.
  • the fibre exposure can be increased by increasing the book feed rate per tooth with a consequent increase in tab width to be torn.
  • Tab length may be varied by adjusting the depth of vertical cut by the roughing teeth 8, but the leading edge 23 at the top surface 22 of the raker tooth 9 should have a clearance Z (FIG. 2) such that the leading edge preferably strikes the tab 32 above its center of gravity but below the torn fibres.
  • a cutting wheel for roughing the backbone leaf edges of an unbound fibre paper'book comprising:
  • each tooth including a leading surface with a cutting edge extending transverse the disk plane, the leading surface having a radially inward inclination in one direction with respect to disk rotation so as to twist partially detached paper fragments at the leaf edges in one direction;
  • At least one raker tooth on the disk having a raking edge substantially coplanar with one end of the cutting edge, the raker tooth being inclined at an angle deviating oppositely to the radially inward inclination of the leading surface so as to twist the partially detached fragments oppositely to the twist of the leading surface and tear the fragments from the book leaves leaving a substantially continuous rough, fibrous edge on the leaves.
  • a wheel according to claim 1 wherein the raker tooth leading surface is inclined oppositely to the inclination of the rougher tooth leading surface with respect to disk radius.
  • each roughing tooth has a positive hook of radially inward inclination rearwardly of the direction of disk rotation, and the raker tooth has a negative hook of radially inward inclination forwardly of the direction of disk rotation.
  • each roughing tooth has a facet at its axially outer end, the facet being inclined radially inwardly and downwardly toward the plane of the disk.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Confectionery (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
  • Harvester Elements (AREA)
US366464A 1973-06-04 1973-06-04 Book rough cutter with raker tooth Expired - Lifetime US3860158A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US366464A US3860158A (en) 1973-06-04 1973-06-04 Book rough cutter with raker tooth
FR7409814A FR2231485B3 (de) 1973-06-04 1974-03-22
CH445674A CH582582A5 (de) 1973-06-04 1974-03-29
GB1484974A GB1427483A (en) 1973-06-04 1974-04-03 Book cutters and their methods of use
DE2416460A DE2416460A1 (de) 1973-06-04 1974-04-04 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum aufrauhen der blattkanten an einem buchruecken
IT21461/74A IT1006461B (it) 1973-06-04 1974-04-16 Presa per libri producente un taglio ruvido con dente raschia tore
US49455874 US3905531A (en) 1973-06-04 1974-08-05 Book rough cutter with raker tooth

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US366464A US3860158A (en) 1973-06-04 1973-06-04 Book rough cutter with raker tooth

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3860158A true US3860158A (en) 1975-01-14

Family

ID=23443114

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US366464A Expired - Lifetime US3860158A (en) 1973-06-04 1973-06-04 Book rough cutter with raker tooth

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3860158A (de)
CH (1) CH582582A5 (de)
DE (1) DE2416460A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2231485B3 (de)
GB (1) GB1427483A (de)
IT (1) IT1006461B (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5367928A (en) * 1991-10-18 1994-11-29 Grapha-Holding Ag Method of and implement for cutting books at the backbones
US5868057A (en) * 1996-07-23 1999-02-09 Western Printing Machinery Company Perforation rule for rotary cutting system

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19639574A1 (de) * 1996-09-26 1998-04-02 Buchbinderei Stiens & Hischer Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Rückenbearbeitung beim Klebebinden
CN112372679A (zh) * 2020-10-27 2021-02-19 储茂东 一种书本加工切胶设备及其使用办法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3027106A (en) * 1959-02-19 1962-03-27 Hoe & Co R Rotary saw break-up head
US3706252A (en) * 1970-07-17 1972-12-19 Harris Intertype Corp Book cut-off saw
US3726167A (en) * 1971-07-22 1973-04-10 Comstock & Wescott Method of cutting thick books

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3027106A (en) * 1959-02-19 1962-03-27 Hoe & Co R Rotary saw break-up head
US3706252A (en) * 1970-07-17 1972-12-19 Harris Intertype Corp Book cut-off saw
US3726167A (en) * 1971-07-22 1973-04-10 Comstock & Wescott Method of cutting thick books

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5367928A (en) * 1991-10-18 1994-11-29 Grapha-Holding Ag Method of and implement for cutting books at the backbones
US5868057A (en) * 1996-07-23 1999-02-09 Western Printing Machinery Company Perforation rule for rotary cutting system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2231485B3 (de) 1977-01-07
CH582582A5 (de) 1976-12-15
GB1427483A (en) 1976-03-10
DE2416460A1 (de) 1975-01-02
FR2231485A1 (de) 1974-12-27
IT1006461B (it) 1976-09-30

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