US3855786A - Impact-proof watchcase - Google Patents

Impact-proof watchcase Download PDF

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Publication number
US3855786A
US3855786A US00427331A US42733173A US3855786A US 3855786 A US3855786 A US 3855786A US 00427331 A US00427331 A US 00427331A US 42733173 A US42733173 A US 42733173A US 3855786 A US3855786 A US 3855786A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
watchcase
impact
ring
shock
absorbing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00427331A
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English (en)
Inventor
E Yamamoto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Seiko Instruments Inc
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Seiko Instruments Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Seiko Instruments Inc filed Critical Seiko Instruments Inc
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Publication of US3855786A publication Critical patent/US3855786A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B37/00—Cases
    • G04B37/04—Mounting the clockwork in the case; Shock absorbing mountings
    • G04B37/05—Fixed mountings for pocket or wrist watches
    • G04B37/052—Fixed mountings for pocket or wrist watches with shock damping means not related to the winding stem

Definitions

  • An impact-proof watchcase having a watchcase band with an internal shoulder.
  • a watchcase inner ring is provided within the band within which is disposed a ring supporting a dial and watchworks internally thereof.
  • An impact-absorbing member is disposed be tween the inner shoulder and the ring supporting the dial for absorbing impacts on the watchcase.
  • a watch crystal is provided for viewing the dial and a bezel is disposed circumferentially of the watch crystal.
  • a second impact-absorbing member is disposed cooperative with the watchcase inner ring and provides an-elastic support therefore for absorbing shocks to which the watchworks are subjected.
  • the impact-absorbing members absorb movements or vibrations in three dimensions.
  • the present invention relates generally to watchcase structures more particularly to a new and improved impact-proof watchcase.
  • Watches are subjected to impacts during their use and even during assembly. Difficulty is encountered in effecting accurate positioning of the watchworks or movements relative to the watchcase parts. For example difficulty is encountered with respect to positioning the watchworks relative to a hole in the watchcase for providing a winding stem therethrough. Moreover, machining of the various parts to make them impact-proof makes the machining very difficult and can result in the increased number of parts incorporated in the watchcase.
  • the impact-proof watchcase comprises a watchcase band having an internal shoulder.
  • a watch crystal and a bezel circumferentially thereof are provided for viewing a dial.
  • a ring supports the dial and watchworks are disposed internally of the watchcase band or circumferentially of the arrangement.
  • An impact-absorbing member is disposed between the inner shoulder and the ring supporting'the dial for absorbing impacts on the watchcase.
  • a second impact-absorbing member is disposed cooperative with the watchcase inner ring providing an elastic support therefore and functioning to absorb shocks to which the watchworks are subjected.
  • the impact-absorbing members may be constructed of different cross section configurations and made of resilient materials such as synthetic rubber or as springs or otherwise elastic or tubular elements.
  • FIG. 1 is a fragmentary vertical cross section view of a watch embodying the invention
  • FIGS. 2A-2C are fragmentary cross section views of the embodiments of the invention.
  • FIGS. 3A-3G are cross section views of the different embodiments of an impact-absorbing member according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary cross section view of an embodiment of an impact-absorbing member of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a fragmentary cross section view of a dial ring according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 6A-6B are fragmentary cross section and perspective views respectively of another dial-receiving ring according to the invention.
  • FIG. 6C is a fragmentary perspective view of another embodiment of a dial-receiving ring
  • FIG. 7A is a fragmentary cross section view of a watchcase according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 7B-7D are fragmentary cross section views of watchcase inner rings constructed according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 7E-7G are vertical cross section views of other I tion views showing of other embodiments of impactasorbing members for positioning and fixing watchcase inner rings according to the invention.
  • watchworks l are disposed internally of a watchcase band 2 of a watchcase.
  • the watchcase is closed by a backcover 3 and this cover prevents entry of moisture or any sweat from entering the interior of the watchcase and reaching the watch movement 1.
  • a watchcase inner ring 4 is disposed internally of the watchcase band and has a shoulder 4a cooperative with a shoulder 1a of the watch movement 1 for resiliently supporting the watchworks.
  • a dial ring 5 supports a dial 6.
  • the dial ring has a peripheral flange 5a disposed opposed to an inner peripheral shoulder 2a of the watchcase band and defines a space therewith within which is housed an annular impact-absorbing member constructed as a resilient ring 7.
  • a second impact-absorbing member 8 constructed as an annular flat ring is circumferentially held in an annular groove 2b internally of the watchcase band 2 adjacent the backcover 3.
  • This second impact-absorbing member 8 has considerable stiffness radially of the watchcase, and is shown here as a flat ring which projects inwardly of the watchcase band 2 and has an inner annular portion which supports the watchcase inner ring 4 so that watch movement 1 is resiliently supported and floats between the impact-absorbing members 7 and 8 and protected against lateral and other impacts.
  • a resilient gasket 9 provides a moisture tight seal be tween the watchcase band 2 and the backcover 3 and a conventional watch crystal 10, made for example of an inorganic material has a bezel 11 disposed circumferentially thereof and received in an annular slot in the watchcase band 2.
  • a watch crystal supporting ring 12 holds a gasket 13 interposed between the watch crystal and the watchcase band 2.
  • FIGS. 2A-2C illustrate other embodiments of a first impact-absorbing member which can be used in a watchcase according to the invention.
  • watchworks 21A are housed internally of a watchcase band 22A and an inner ring 24A is disposed internally thereof.
  • a dial-supporting ring 25A is provided for supporting a dial 26A that incorporates therein a peripheral flange 26A corresponding to the flange 5a of the embodiment in FIG. 1.
  • An impactabsorbing ring 27A circular in cross section, is provided for absorbing the impacts to which the works are subjected.
  • a third embodiment is shown fragmentarily in FIG. 28.
  • watchworks 218 have a peripheral recess into which an annular projection of inner ring 24B projects.
  • the inner ring has an edge surface 24B and a flange 24B cooperative with a shoulder 22B of a watchcase band 22B defining the space in which a resilient shock-absorbing ring 27B is disposed.
  • a dial ring 25B is without a flange as well as a dial 26B.
  • a flat resilient or flexible member 24 is mounted between a dial 25C and a ring 25C supporting an inner edge of member 24. This flexible member is.
  • This resilient member may be constructed as a flat plate or annular flat ring plate.
  • FIGS. 3A-3G A group of different embodiments are illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3G.
  • a resilient shock-absorbing member 37A arcuate in cross section cooperates with the inner peripheral shoulder of a watchband 32A and the other shoulder defining the space for the member may be provided with any of the heretofore disclosed techniques.
  • the shock-absorbing element 37A is constructed a reverse C-shaped element that will flex and absorb any shock-impact.
  • FIG. 3B Another construction is illustrated in which a reverse C-shaped shock-absorbing element 37B is disposed within the space between the cooperating shoulders of a watchcase band 328 and another element.
  • a Z-shaped resilient member 37C may likewise be used in the space provided with the shoulder of a watchband 32C.
  • FIG. 3D Provision may be made for absorbing shocks with a coil spring member as illustrated in FIG. 3D in which a coil spring 37D co-operates with a shoulder of a watchband 32D as illustrated.
  • a coil spring member may be positioned in a different position as illustrated with respect to a coil spring 37E cooperating with a shoulder of a watchband 3215. These springs absorb movement of the watch movement laterally and up and down in the drawing.
  • FIG. 3F Another type of spring member is illustrated in FIG. 3F where a sinusoidal spring 37F is disposed between the inner shoulders of a watchband 32F and another element of the type before described as illustrated.
  • the shock-absorbing element may have different types of cross-sections for example, it may be a resilient tubular ring member as illustrated in FIG. 3G in which a shock-absorber 376 is seated or housed in the space provided by the watchband 320 and some other element.
  • the shock-absorbing element may be received in an inner recess of a watchase band as illustrated in FIG. 4 in which a watchcase band 42 is provided with an internal groove or recess receiving an extension 47a of a resilient shock-absorbing ring member 47 which is housed in the manner of the other rings as before described.
  • the shock-absorbing member can be provided as a novel construction as illustrated in FIG. 5.
  • watchworks 51 are housed within a watchcase band 52 having a shoulder 52a and an inner ring 54 is provided.
  • a dial ring 55 has a resilient flange 55b which is substantially V-shaped in cross-section. This flange is seated underneath the inner peripheral shoulder 52a of the watchcase band and is capable of absorbing any movement of the watchworks.
  • the dial ring supporting the dial can carry out the shock-absorbing function.
  • the shock-absorbing members can be constructed as illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6B in which watchworks 61 have a peripheral notch 61b.
  • a resilient dial ring 65 supports a dial 66 and has a resilient curved spring portion 65C up against a shoulder 62a of a watchcase band and is provided with a shoulder 65d engaged in a shoulder 61b of the watchworks. This spring absorbs the movement of the watchworks.
  • the spring or dial ring 65 may be modified to a structure shown in FIG. 6C in which a similar dial ring spring 65 is provided with a projection 65a in which an opening 65f provides greater resiliency in the structure.
  • FIGS. 7A-7G This type of structure is illustrated in FIGS. 7A-7G.
  • watchworks 71A are housed within a watchcase band 72A having an inner shoulder 72a.
  • a watchcase inner-ring 74A is provided with a projection 74A bearing against the inner periphery of the watchcase band supporting the watchworks 71.
  • a dial 76 is provided and a dial ring 75A has a flange cooperative with the shoulder of the watchcase band for housingashockabsorbing ring 77A.
  • This inner ring projection 74A may be elastic or nonelastic. Elastic embodiments are illustrated in FIGS. 7B-7D.
  • an inner ring 748 is provided with an elastic projection 748' which will engage the inner periphery of a watchcase band not shown.
  • a somewhat similar construction of a watchcase inner ring 74C is provided with a projection 74C having an opening therein which renders it more elastic and another embodiment of such an inner ring is illus-
  • a different configuration of inner rings are illustrated in rings 74E, 74F each of which has a countersunk portion 74d, 74d respectively as illustrated.
  • An inner ring 74G may be constructed shown in FIG. 7G having a flexible portion 74e. i
  • the second shock-absorbing member of the watch according to the invention may be provided by various means for resiliently supporting the inner ring. Constructions of this type are illustrated in FIGS. 8A-10D. As illustrated in FIG. 8A, a watch movement 81A is housed internally of a watchcase band 82A and an inner ring 84A is fitted circumferentially against a shoulder of this watch movement and is resiliently supported on a shock-absorbing ring member 88A which fits into an annular recess within the watchcase band 82A as shown. A somewhat similar construction is illustrated in FIG. 8B in which watchworks 81B are disposed within a watchcase band 82B and are supported on an inner ring 84B which itself is supported on a shock-absorbing ring member 888 which is secured thereto by a screw 88B.
  • FIGS. 9A-9B illustrate other types of ring shockabsorbing members.
  • watchworks 91A are disposed in a watchcase band 92A within which is disposed an inner ring 94A supporting the watchworks resiliently on a shock-absorbing member 98A.
  • the inner ring is provided with an annular recess 94e in which a spherical portion 98a of the shockabsorbing ring is received.
  • the ring proper has a rectangular body section which functions as a gasket in cooperation with a backcover 93A.
  • FIG. 9B A variation of this structure is illustrated in FIG. 9B in which a watchcase 92B has internally thereof an inner ring 94B resiliently supported on a shockabsorbing member 988.
  • a backcover 93B is provided with a shoulder 93a allowing clearance for the inner ring 94B.
  • the shock-absorbing function can be carried out in watches according to the invention by use of the abovementioned shock-absorbers and also by providing a shock-absorbing element cooperative with the watchworks of the watch and the backcover thereof.
  • Embodiments of this type are illustrated in FIGS. l0A-10C.
  • watchworks 101A are housed within a watchcase band 102A within which is housed an inner ring 104A.
  • the inner ring cooperates with the watchworks in resiliently supporting them and is in return resiliently supported by an annular shockabsorbing spring 140A received in a notch l04e of the inner ring and supported against the watchcover 103A.
  • the ring conforms to the cross-section configuration of the watchworks.
  • FIG. 108 A somewhat similar embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 108 in which watchworks -101B are housed within a watchcase band 1028 and a watch inner ring is in this instance by a ring spring 1408 seated on a watch backcover 1038 and provided with a flange 140a that underlies the inner ring of the watch and resiliently supports it to support the watchworks resiliently.
  • FIG. 10C A structure similar to those described is illustrated in FIG. 10C in which an inner watchcase ring 104C is illustrated and is resiliently supported by an annular spring 140C.
  • the inner ring is provided with a peripheral flange 104g defining an annular shoulder in which the spring 140C is seated.
  • the spring is provided with an inwardly curved portion 140C that is seated against a backcover, not shown as in the other embodiments.
  • FIG. 10D A final embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 10D.
  • watchworks 101D are disposed internally of a watchcase band 102D and the watch is provided with a watch backcover 103D.
  • An inner ring 104D resiliently mounts the watchworks and is resiliently supported on a sinusoidal ring spring 140D which underlies the inner ring 104D and is seated on a flange of the watch backcover 103D which is of sufficient dimension for receiving the resilient spring 140D and a gasket as illustrated.
  • the periphery of the backcover is threaded on complementary threads of the watchcase band 102D.
  • the present invention has the advantage that vibrations and impacts imposed on the wristwatch in all directions are prevented from being transmitted directly to the watch movement due to the dampening effects of the shock-absorbing members. This is accomplished with a simple structure. The structure still permits the ease of assembly and disassembly to maintain improvement of efficiency in manufacturing or repairing a watch according to the invention. 7
  • shock-absorbing rings may be metallic or made of a suitable plastic, rubber or synthetic rubber.
  • An impact-proof watchcase comprising a dial, a backcover, a watchcase band therebetween having an internal peripheral downwardly facing shoulder, inner ring means within said watchcase band, watchworks disposed within said inner ring means mounted thereon, a first shock-absorbing resilient member coactive with said watchcase band shoulder resiliently ab sorbing vibrations of said watchworks in three dimensions, and a second shock-absorbing resilient member of considerable stiffness radially of the watchcase, bearing against a portion of the watchcase which is at least close to the backcover for resiliently supporting said inner ring means relative to said watchcase band for absorbing three dimensional vibrations of said watchworks.
  • said first shock-absorbing resilient member comprises a dial ring for supporting a dial thereon and having a resilient peripheral portion engaging said watchcase band.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)
US00427331A 1972-12-26 1973-12-21 Impact-proof watchcase Expired - Lifetime US3855786A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP48000410A JPS4989570A (un) 1972-12-26 1972-12-26

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US00427331A Expired - Lifetime US3855786A (en) 1972-12-26 1973-12-21 Impact-proof watchcase

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US (1) US3855786A (un)
JP (1) JPS4989570A (un)
CH (1) CH1805873A4 (un)
DE (1) DE2364052A1 (un)
FR (1) FR2211690B1 (un)
GB (1) GB1427840A (un)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4059957A (en) * 1975-05-23 1977-11-29 S.B.B.M. Burdet S.A. Water-tight fitting of a glass in a watch case
US5683412A (en) * 1994-12-23 1997-11-04 Symbiosis Corporation Force-limiting control member for endoscopic instruments and endoscopic instruments incorporating same
FR2777095A1 (fr) * 1998-04-02 1999-10-08 Christophe Claret Sa Montre sonore
US20050243654A1 (en) * 2004-04-30 2005-11-03 Stephane Dufour Ratchet assembly device for fitting a back cover and/or a bezel onto a watch case middle
US20080101165A1 (en) * 2005-02-18 2008-05-01 Richemont International Sa Damping Device, Particularly For A Wrist-Watch
US20110096481A1 (en) * 2009-10-28 2011-04-28 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Damping member, shock damping structure in electronic device, and electronic device using the shock damping structure
US20120002513A1 (en) * 2009-03-19 2012-01-05 Rolex S.A. Watch case
US20120120777A1 (en) * 2010-11-17 2012-05-17 Haruki Hiranuma Timepiece
US9411317B2 (en) * 2014-12-17 2016-08-09 Seiko Epson Corporation Timepiece
CN114019771A (zh) * 2021-11-10 2022-02-08 湖南艾尔时钟表有限公司 一种钟表机芯抗震动调节机构
CN114253115A (zh) * 2020-09-25 2022-03-29 斯沃奇集团研究及开发有限公司 用于锁定时计机芯的装置
US11327442B2 (en) 2017-11-13 2022-05-10 Rolex Sa System for fixing a timepiece movement in a watch case

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010281663A (ja) * 2009-06-04 2010-12-16 Seiko Epson Corp 時計
FR2981467B1 (fr) * 2011-10-14 2014-04-18 Xavier Bich Montre et ensemble d'un dispositif antichoc et d'un casier de protection pour montre
EP3483668B1 (fr) * 2017-11-13 2022-11-02 Rolex Sa Système de fixation d'un mouvement horloger dans une boîte de montre
EP3483667A1 (fr) * 2017-11-13 2019-05-15 Rolex Sa Système de fixation d'un mouvement horloger dans une boîte de montre

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR366361A (fr) * 1906-05-17 1906-10-03 Henri Charles Gouache Parachute pour montres
US1995951A (en) * 1932-08-04 1935-03-26 Firm Fabriques D Horlogerie Th Shock and blow proof watch
US2044752A (en) * 1936-02-27 1936-06-16 Harry A Dunlap Floating watch movement
CH377734A (fr) * 1960-12-31 1964-01-31 Maeder Leschot S A Dispositif de suspension élastique d'un mouvement de montre dans sa boîte
FR1509590A (fr) * 1966-07-28 1968-01-12 Dispositif de suspension pour mouvement d'horlogerie
CH470706A (fr) * 1966-08-12 1969-05-14 Piquerez Sa Ervin Dispositif de suspension pour mouvement d'horlogerie
CH479906A (fr) * 1966-12-22 1969-11-28 Simon John Dispositif de suspension d'un mouvement d'horlogerie
US3520130A (en) * 1968-07-05 1970-07-14 Jean Jacques Oltramare Suspending device for timepiece movement
US3727367A (en) * 1970-10-08 1973-04-17 Y Fujimori Shock proof watchcase
US3735584A (en) * 1971-03-26 1973-05-29 I Tokunaga Shock-resistant watchcase for a portable watch

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1828687A (en) * 1929-10-23 1931-10-20 American Standard Watchcase Co Watch
US2070018A (en) * 1934-05-05 1937-02-09 Jerome W Mecklenburger Mounting for timepieces
CH282450A (fr) * 1949-12-29 1952-04-30 Montres Longines Francillon & Dispositif de montage d'un cercle d'emboîtage dans une boîte de montre.
FR1063443A (fr) * 1951-10-23 1954-05-03 Montre étanche
CH214967A4 (fr) * 1967-02-10 1971-11-15 Piquerez Sa Ervin Dispositif de suspension pour mouvement d'horlogerie
CH520973A (fr) * 1968-02-28 1972-03-31 Roger Uebelhardt Dispositif de fixation d'un mouvement de montre dans sa boîte

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR366361A (fr) * 1906-05-17 1906-10-03 Henri Charles Gouache Parachute pour montres
US1995951A (en) * 1932-08-04 1935-03-26 Firm Fabriques D Horlogerie Th Shock and blow proof watch
US2044752A (en) * 1936-02-27 1936-06-16 Harry A Dunlap Floating watch movement
CH377734A (fr) * 1960-12-31 1964-01-31 Maeder Leschot S A Dispositif de suspension élastique d'un mouvement de montre dans sa boîte
FR1509590A (fr) * 1966-07-28 1968-01-12 Dispositif de suspension pour mouvement d'horlogerie
CH470706A (fr) * 1966-08-12 1969-05-14 Piquerez Sa Ervin Dispositif de suspension pour mouvement d'horlogerie
CH479906A (fr) * 1966-12-22 1969-11-28 Simon John Dispositif de suspension d'un mouvement d'horlogerie
US3520130A (en) * 1968-07-05 1970-07-14 Jean Jacques Oltramare Suspending device for timepiece movement
US3727367A (en) * 1970-10-08 1973-04-17 Y Fujimori Shock proof watchcase
US3735584A (en) * 1971-03-26 1973-05-29 I Tokunaga Shock-resistant watchcase for a portable watch

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4059957A (en) * 1975-05-23 1977-11-29 S.B.B.M. Burdet S.A. Water-tight fitting of a glass in a watch case
US5683412A (en) * 1994-12-23 1997-11-04 Symbiosis Corporation Force-limiting control member for endoscopic instruments and endoscopic instruments incorporating same
FR2777095A1 (fr) * 1998-04-02 1999-10-08 Christophe Claret Sa Montre sonore
US20050243654A1 (en) * 2004-04-30 2005-11-03 Stephane Dufour Ratchet assembly device for fitting a back cover and/or a bezel onto a watch case middle
US7277360B2 (en) * 2004-04-30 2007-10-02 Rolex S.A. Ratchet assembly device for fitting a back cover and/or a bezel onto a watch case middle
CN1694020B (zh) * 2004-04-30 2010-04-14 劳力士有限公司 将后盖与/或玻璃框装配到表外壳中部的棘齿装配装置
US20080101165A1 (en) * 2005-02-18 2008-05-01 Richemont International Sa Damping Device, Particularly For A Wrist-Watch
US7431495B2 (en) * 2005-02-18 2008-10-07 Richemont International S.A. Damping device, particularly for a wrist-watch
US20120002513A1 (en) * 2009-03-19 2012-01-05 Rolex S.A. Watch case
US8876371B2 (en) * 2009-03-19 2014-11-04 Rolex S.A. Watch case
US8708552B2 (en) * 2009-10-28 2014-04-29 Casio Computer Co., Ltd Damping member, shock damping structure in electronic device, and electronic device using the shock damping structure
US20110096481A1 (en) * 2009-10-28 2011-04-28 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Damping member, shock damping structure in electronic device, and electronic device using the shock damping structure
US20120120777A1 (en) * 2010-11-17 2012-05-17 Haruki Hiranuma Timepiece
US8636404B2 (en) * 2010-11-17 2014-01-28 Seiko Instruments Inc. Timepiece
US9411317B2 (en) * 2014-12-17 2016-08-09 Seiko Epson Corporation Timepiece
US11327442B2 (en) 2017-11-13 2022-05-10 Rolex Sa System for fixing a timepiece movement in a watch case
US11604436B2 (en) 2017-11-13 2023-03-14 Rolex Sa System for fixing a timepiece movement in a watch case
CN114253115A (zh) * 2020-09-25 2022-03-29 斯沃奇集团研究及开发有限公司 用于锁定时计机芯的装置
CN114253115B (zh) * 2020-09-25 2024-01-23 斯沃奇集团研究及开发有限公司 用于锁定时计机芯的装置
CN114019771A (zh) * 2021-11-10 2022-02-08 湖南艾尔时钟表有限公司 一种钟表机芯抗震动调节机构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2211690B1 (un) 1977-06-10
JPS4989570A (un) 1974-08-27
CH1805873A4 (un) 1977-05-13
GB1427840A (en) 1976-03-10
DE2364052A1 (de) 1974-07-04
FR2211690A1 (un) 1974-07-19

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