US3851822A - Method for defogging a roadway, landing strip or the like - Google Patents

Method for defogging a roadway, landing strip or the like Download PDF

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Publication number
US3851822A
US3851822A US00360909A US36090973A US3851822A US 3851822 A US3851822 A US 3851822A US 00360909 A US00360909 A US 00360909A US 36090973 A US36090973 A US 36090973A US 3851822 A US3851822 A US 3851822A
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defogging
jets
jet
air
devices
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US00360909A
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English (en)
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A Pocrnja
H Wenzel
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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Priority claimed from DE19722224657 external-priority patent/DE2224657A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19722224671 external-priority patent/DE2224671A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19722224672 external-priority patent/DE2224672A1/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
    • E01H13/00—Dispersing or preventing fog in general, e.g. on roads, on airfields
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G15/00—Devices or methods for influencing weather conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F3/153—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification with subsequent heating, i.e. with the air, given the required humidity in the central station, passing a heating element to achieve the required temperature

Definitions

  • a multiplicity of defogging devices are arranged in two rows on opposite sides of an elongated strip to be maintained free from fog.
  • the direction of the jet of each individual defogging device is determined by the wind direction and the location of the device in relation to the rest of the defogging devices in its row.
  • the strength of the jets (outlet force or velocity) of the defogging devices of each row is determined by the wind velocity.
  • the ratio between the strength of the jets of the defogging devices on the leeward side of the covered region and the strength of the jets of the defogging devices on the windward side thereof is higher than 1 and is increased with increasing wind velocity.
  • the present invention relates to a method of defogging the air in an elongated region, e.g., the landing strip of an airport or a roadway, with defogging and dehumidifying devices operating with a refrigerant cycle.
  • Defogging and dehumidifying devices are known in which air of a foggy region, generally with a relative humidity of 100 percent is drawn into contact with a condenser and subsequently an reheater, both of which are parts of a closed refrigeration system or refrigerant cycle.
  • the air leaves the defogging device as an unsaturated and slightly heated air stream.
  • the blower is disposed in the downstream portion of the defogging device.
  • This heat gain is a disadvantage in the known airdehumidifiers for closed rooms, and a heating of such rooms must be prevented by heat removal.
  • the heat gain may be somewhat advantageous since it allows ambient air of a high relative humidity to mix with the unsaturated air and maintain the region covered by the emerging air mixture free from fog.
  • the temperature of the inlet and the outlet of a defogging device can be adjusted when it is necessary to compensate for for varying temperature and humidity of the ambient air to be be defogged.
  • defogging devices are highly effective for limited areas, but do not fully meet the more stringent requirements for large regions, i.e., airstrips of airports and highway stretches.
  • the reason for this is that the effectivity of each individual defogging device and the joint defoggin g device is detracted from by variations in climatic conditions, which seldom are constant.
  • the principal object of the invention is to provide an improved method of defogging of large elongated regions effectively and to thereby overcome the effects of variations in climatic conditions which has hitherto inhibited the use of such conventional devices using a closed refrigerant cycle.
  • jets of dehumidified air from conventional defogging devices are directed across a large elongated region from opposite longitudinal sides thereof and at spaced locations along the sides;
  • At least one jet on each side is oriented generally parallel to the wind direction
  • jets on either side of the one jet on each longitudinal side of the region are oriented at increasing angles to the wind direction away from the one jet on each longitudinal side.
  • each of the units comprises, as described, a blower inducing air flow across a first heat exchanger which acts as a condenser- /evaporator and then across a second heat exchanger which acts as a reheater/condenser, the heat exchangers being connected in a closed refrigerant loop.
  • the liquefied refrigerant is evaporated to cool the air to a temperature well below the dewpoint and hence condense moisture from the air.
  • thecompressed refrigerant is liquefied or condensed'while the dehumidified air is reheated.
  • the dehumidifying units are systematically controlled in response to the most significant climatic parameters, it being selfunderstood that an increase in the humidity of the ambient air (i.e., its moisture content and fogging potential) may automatically be detected to adjust the ratio of dehumidified air mixed with the ambient, nondehumidified air. It is indeedsurprising, however, that the most detrimental climatic conditions heretofore experienced in defogging selected regions, namely the windspeed and direction, can be completely compensated or rendered insignificant by the appropriate adjustment of the jet direction'and force.
  • orientation of each jet is determined, in part, by the orientation of the adjacent jet or jets of the respective array and its position in the array as discussed in greater detail below.
  • a multiplicity of defogging devices are placed in two substantially straight rows along the two longitudinal sides of the large region.
  • One defogging device in each row in the middle thereof or substantially in the middle thereof is oriented to be parallel to the wind direction.
  • Defogging devices on each side of these two devices are oriented at increasing angles to the wind direction away from these two devices, the
  • defogging devices must in accordance with our invention be operated systematically, due consideration being paid to those climatic parameters which are of significance for defogging operations.
  • an effective, reliable and uniform, defogging of a large region can only be accomplished when the jet direction of the individual defogging devices is determined by the wind direction and the jet strength of the individual defogging devices are determined by the prevailing wind velocity.
  • the middle defogging device in the row on the windward side of the region should be oriented in a direction parallel to the wind direction, and the middle defogging device in the row on the leeward side of the region in a direction exactly opposite to the wind direction.
  • the jets, oriented generally in a fan pattern, on the wind ward side whould be spread out more than the fan pattern of the jets on the leeward side.
  • the angle between the two outermost jets on the leeward side and the middle jet is approximately 20 to 50, preferably 35, and the angle between the two outermost jets on the windward side and the corresponding middle jet is approximately to preferably 15, larger than the aforementioned angle on the leeward side of the region.
  • This method of defogging can of course also be used when it is substantially calm, i.e., when the wind velocity is substantially zero.
  • the arrangement of the two rows of defogging devices will then be symmetrical along a line connecting the midpoints of each row of defogging devices.
  • the direction of a middle jet in each row is normal to the two longitudinal sides of the elongated region. Further, the angle between two outermost jets and the corresponding middle jet on either side of the region can be approximately 30 to 60, preferably 45C.
  • Another advantageous feature of this invention can be realized with a defogging device having a condenser, a reheater and a blower, the blower being downstream of the reheater and the reheater being downstream of the condenser, and an air inlet tube between the blower and the reheater, by introducing additional foggy air through the inlet duct.
  • the amount of such air is controllable by a valve or shutter arrangement.
  • Energy utilization can also be improved considerably by spraying the surface of the condenser with an antifreeze agent (e.g., ethyleneglycol) whenever ice forma tion appears thereon or the surface tends to have a temperature below 0C.
  • an antifreeze agent e.g., ethyleneglycol
  • Such spraying can also be done automatically by using a temperature sensing device on the surface of the condenser.
  • the present method of defogging is particularly meritorious where the elements of each defogging device can be automatically controlled.
  • control circuits One of them consists of a wind-direction meter, a signal converter with a culculator or computer connected thereto to determine a suitable jet direction for each and all of the defogging devices and drivers controlled thereby to orient the defogging devices in their proper directions respectively.
  • Another control circuit consists of a wind-velocity meter, a signal converter and calculator or computer to determine the required jet strength of the defogging devices in each row respectively, and drivers controlled thereby to adjust the jet strength of the defogging devices in each row.
  • calculator/computer and arithmetic unit are used herein to refer to any conventional programming circuit having predetermined thresholds or setpoint values for each unit and a number of positions thereof which are compared with the input value and provide an output signal which is transmitted to the driver to adjust the position ofthe nozzle until the input signal is brought into conformity with the set-point sig nal and the output or error signal is nullified.
  • Suitable devices for this purpose are described in SERVO- MECHANISM PRACTICE, McGraw-Hill Book Co. NY.
  • the housing of a defogging device can, like conventional defogging devices, have a housing with two open ends
  • the first element of the defogging device upstream is the condenser, and downstream there is provided in succession, the reheater and the blower as mentioned in the foregoing.
  • An inlet tube for the introduction of additional foggy air is provided between the reheater and the blower as indicated in the foregoing.
  • the inlet tube has a controllable closure member, preferably automatic.
  • the closure member can be automatically controlled by a fog-density meter, a signal converter with an arithmetic unit and a driver actuating the closure member of the inlet tube.
  • a liquid distributor for antifreeze agent placed in front of the condenser preferably has spraying nozzles which uniformly distribute antifreeze agent over the surface of the condenser whenever ice formation on the surface of the condenser appears or the temperature on the surface falls below 0C.
  • a shut-off valve or stopcock can be incorporated between the container of antifreeze agent and the distributor, and, whenever a need for antifreeze agent arises, the shut-off valve will be actuated automatically, i.e., opened.
  • the surface of the condenser can have a thermoelement connected to a control switch and a driver controlled thereby. The driver is actuated when the temperature on the surface of the condenser falls below 0C.
  • the energy utilization and the effectivity of the defogging devices of our invention can also be improved by providing a droplet separator between the condenser and the reheater.
  • the droplet separator collects moisture which has not been collected in the condenser.
  • This double fog separation provides under unchanged defogging capacity of the defogging device a decrease in the power consumption of the closed refrigeration system. Such a decrease can be more than percent.
  • Spraying nozzles can be used and a shut-off valve for supply of antifreeze agent with an automatically controlled driver for the shut-off valve.
  • defogging systems of this invention as described in the foregoing, e.g., on airstrips of airports, allows an automatic, very reliable defogging, regardless of the climatic conditions and swift variations encountered.
  • An arrangement in accordance with this invention with a multiplicity of defogging devices can be modified by placing defogging devices with blowers without any refrigeration elements built in or by inserting blowers without any refrigeration elements between the defogging devices of the system, especially when the fog density is low and the wind velocity is high. The energy utilization and the effectivity of the defogging system will thereby be considerably improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic plan view which shows one arrangement of defogging devices in accordance with our invention for defogging an airstrip of an airport with a prevailing sidewind;
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic plan view which shows another arrangement in accordance with the invention when the weather is calm;
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic plan view which shows another arrangement in accordance with the invention, with a prevailing relatively strong wind, approaching one of the longitudinal sides of the airstrip at an angle of 60;
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram which shows a control system used when operating a defogging system in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an axial cross-sectional view, partly in diagrammatic form which shows a defogging device in accordance with the invention.
  • defogging (dehumidifying) devices 1-18 of the invention are arranged in two rows along the longitudinal sides of elongated air strip 20. Foggy air is heated in each defogging device 1-18 by means of a closed refrigeration system,
  • Such an open system of working defogging devices 1-18 is of particular advantage.
  • the heat gain and the unsaturated state of the air leaving the defogging device, in combination, makes possible not only defogging of air passing through the defogging devices 1-18 but also the defogging of considerable amounts of ambient foggy air with which the heated dehumidified air comes in contact.
  • Vectors at 19 indicate that a light side wind is prevailing, with a direction normal to the long sides of airstrip 20.
  • the orientation of the jet of each individual defogging device 1-18 is determinedby the direction 19 of the prevailing wind and by the location of the defogging device in relation to other defogging devices in its row.
  • the jet direction of each individual defogging device 1-18 is indicated by a vector, showing a direction as well as a strength or a strength relation.
  • the jet directions of the defogging devices 1-9 on the leeward side of air strip 20 are arranged in such a way, that thedirection of the middle defogging device 5 is exactly opposite to the direction of the prevailing wind 19, and the jet directions of devices 4-1 and 6-9 are oriented on either side of device 5 at uniformly increasing angles to the wind direction away from the jet direction of device 5.
  • the two outermost devices land 9 of the row 1-9 have jets with a direction which forms an angle of 35 with the direction of the jet coming from the middle device 5.
  • the jet of the middle defogging device 14 is oriented in the direction 19 of the prevailing wind across air strip 29, while the directions of the jets of the rest of the defogging devices 13-10 and 15-18 are arranged in the same manner as on the leeward side, with the important exception that the angles between successive jet directions to increase to a greater extent on the windward side than the leeward side.
  • Devices 10 and 18 in the row on the windward side have jets with a direction which forms an angle of 50 with the direction of the jet of middle device 14.
  • the strengths of defogging devices 1-9 and 10-18 are determined by the velocity of the prevailing wind. The strength and also the direction of the wind are indicated by vectors 19. The side wind is relatively slight, but its strength is reflected in a ratio between the strengths of jets from devices l-9 on the leeward side and the strengths of jets from devices 9-18 on the windward side which is larger than 1.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates how the defogging devices can be used when the weather is calm.
  • l8 defogging units (1-18) are used as in FIG. 1.
  • the jet directions and the strengths of the individual defogging devices can be arranged in a completely symmetrical manner in relation to airstrip 20.
  • the angle between the jets coming from uttermost defogging devices 1, 9, 10 and 18 and the jets coming from the two middle defogging devices 5 and 14 respectively, can be approximately 45C.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates how the defogging devices can be arranged when a rather strong sidewind is prevailing.
  • Vectors 21 indicate the direction of the wind, between the same and a long side of the air strip 20, and its strength.
  • 18 defogging devices (1-18) are used as indicated in the foregoing.
  • the jets of the two middle defogging devices and 14 are oriented in the wind direction, while the jets of the lateral devices 4-1, 6-9, 10-13 and -18 are oriented as indicated in the foregoing at increasing angles to the wind direction away from the jets coming from devices 5 and 4 respectively.
  • the directions of the jets of the two uttermost defogging devices 1 and 9 on the leeward side of air strip form with the direction of the jet from device 5 and an angle of 35.
  • the directions of the jets from devices 10 and 18 form with the jet direction of device 14 an angle of 50.
  • FIG. 4 shows a particularly advantageous automatic arrangement to be used to coordinate the functions of the individual defogging devices in two rows along an elongated foggy region.
  • defogging devices 22, 23 and 24 have been selected to show how they can be automatically controlled by three automatic systems.
  • Such an arrangement for automatic control can of course be extended to include all defogging devices used, in an effort to defog a region, e.g., all 18 devices shown in FIG. 1.
  • alternate devices or units 1-18 can simply be blowers without refrigerating units.
  • the illustrated arrangement includes three metering devices or meters, namely a wind direction meter 25, a wind velocity meter 26 and a fog density meter 27.
  • Meter is connected to a signal converter 28 a signal which corresponds to the wind direction.
  • the signal is fed to a programmed arithmetic unit 29 which issues signals to the three drivers 30 to individually determine the directions of the three jets emerging from defogging devices 22, 23 and 24 respectively.
  • the wind velocity is determined with wind velocity meter 26 which issues signals corresponding to the wind velocity to a second signal converter 31.
  • a second programmed arithmetic unit 32 connected to meter 26, issues signals to drivers 33 so that the strengths of the jets of defogging devices 22,23 and 24 can be adjusted.
  • the fog density meter 27 e.g., an optical device, issues signals corresponding to the prevailing fog density to a third signal converter 34, which is connected to a third programmed arithmetic unit 35.
  • Drivers 36 are controlled by arithmetic unit and regulating in their turn the amount of ambient foggy air which can be introduced between the evaporator and the blower of each individual defogging device 22-24.
  • Such automatic control is particularly advantageous when the fog density is small and the wind is strength so that the energy utilization of the total defogging arrangement can be optimized.
  • H6. 5 shows a defogging device in accordance with the invention, comprising a housing 41, a condenser 42, a reheater 43, and a blower 44, taken in the downstream order.
  • Housing 41 is open at the upstream as well as the downstream sides.
  • the air at 46 is warmer than the foggy air entering housing 41 at 45 and is unsaturated.
  • Condenser 42 and reheater 43 are integrated elements of a closed refrigeration system comprising also a refrigerant compresser 48 and an expansion valve 49.
  • Housing 41 has an inlet tube 37 for the introduction of additional ambient air between reheater 43 and blower 44.
  • Inlet tube 37 has a closure member 38 which controls the amount of additional air, e.g., a shutter which varies the open cross-section of inlet tube 37.
  • a driver 36 which is controlled by an arithmetic unit 35.
  • Arithmetic unit 35 can be programmed by a calibration process to arrive at optimal adjustments of closure member 38. Signals are issued to arithmetic unit 35 by a signal converter 34, which receives primary signals from a density meter 27, e.g.. an optical device.
  • This system comprising the elements 27 and 34-38, allows the maintenance of a constant strength of the jet leaving housing 41 at 46.
  • the energy utilization as far as the closed refrigeration system 47 is concerned can thereby be varied and optimized.
  • a liquid distributor 50 with spraying nozzles 51 can be placed upstreams of condenser 42 to distribute an antifreeze agent onto the surface of condenser 42.
  • Supply container 52 is filled with antifreeze agent, e.g., a 20 percent water solution of ethylene glycol.
  • the conduit connecting container 52 and distributor 50 can have a closure member 53, e.g., a stopcock, which is actuated when the surface temperature of condenser 42 falls below 0C.
  • Stopcock 53 can be actuated with driver means 54, which opens or closes stopcock 53 when thermoelement 56 registers allowable and not allowable temperatures, respectively, of the condenser surface and signal transmitter converts these regis trations to signals which control driver means 54.
  • FIG. 5 shows also a droplet separator 57 between condenser 42 and reheater 43.
  • Droplet separator 57 is, like condenser 42, provided with a deicing device.
  • Liquid distributor 58 has spraying nozzles 59, a closure member 60 controlled by a driver 61, a signal transmitter 62 and a thermoelement 63.
  • FIG. 5 also shows a storage sump 64 under condenser 42 and droplet separator 57 to collect condensed and melted water. It is provided with an outlet 65.
  • EXAMPLE A space which is defogged by the method of the invention can be compared to a solid body around which a stream of air flows.
  • l0 defogging devices are lined up in two rows at a temperature of 10C.
  • the passage of air through each defogging device is 200 kg/sec. and the total passage of air is thus 2000 kg/sec.
  • the total energy consumption of the ten devices, including refrigeration systems and blowers, is 3600 kW.
  • the following table shows the results obtained, with such an arrangement and under such conditions:
  • V amount of air passing the ten defogging devices per hour
  • 0.1 g water per m in the form of fog droplets corresponds to a light fog with a visual range of 100 m, while 0.4 g corresponds to a dense fog with a visual range of 12 m.
  • the amount of passing air is 200 kg/sec and the ambient temperature is 2C.
  • the fog density is 0.2 g water per m air during one study, corresponding to a visual range of 60 m. i500 kg/sec foggy air which is not passing the device is also defogged when it comes in contact with defogged air leaving the device.
  • the surface temperature of condenser 42 and droplet separator 57 is 2C
  • the temperature of reheater 43 is 8C
  • the temperature of the defogged air when it leaves the device is 5C.
  • the total energy consumption including the energy necessary for driving the blower, is 360 kW.
  • This energy consumption can be lowered to 290 kW, i.e., with approximately 20 percent, without varying the resulting total amount of defogged air, by opening the inlet tube 37 for the introduction of additional air, so that the total amount of air to be defogged does not pass through condenser 42, and by preventing an ice formation from appearing on condenser 42 by spraying antifreeze agent thereon.
  • the inlet tube 37 is opened to such an extent that 60 kg/sec. additional foggy air is introduced therethrough,
  • a method of defogging an elongated region comprising the steps of:
  • a jet is pro- .duced by a defogging device comprising a reheater and a blower, said blower being placed downstream of said reheater; and additional foggy air is introduced into said defogging device between said reheater and said blower, the amount of said additional foggy air being controllable.
  • said defogging device comprises a condenser upstream of said reheater, and the surface of said condenser is sprayed with an antifreeze agent when the temperature of said surface falls below 0C.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
US00360909A 1972-05-19 1973-05-16 Method for defogging a roadway, landing strip or the like Expired - Lifetime US3851822A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19722224657 DE2224657A1 (de) 1972-05-19 1972-05-19 Verfahren zur entnebelung eines grossen raumbereiches
DE19722224671 DE2224671A1 (de) 1972-05-19 1972-05-19 Vorrichtung zur entnebelung von kalter luft
DE19722224672 DE2224672A1 (de) 1972-05-19 1972-05-19 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur entnebelung von luft

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US00360909A Expired - Lifetime US3851822A (en) 1972-05-19 1973-05-16 Method for defogging a roadway, landing strip or the like
US05/576,116 Expired - Lifetime US3952950A (en) 1972-05-19 1975-05-09 Apparatus for defogging a roadway, landing strip or the like

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JP (1) JPS4967399A (en:Method)
CA (1) CA1003297A (en:Method)
CH (1) CH564129A5 (en:Method)
FR (1) FR2185728B3 (en:Method)
GB (1) GB1386535A (en:Method)
IT (1) IT987436B (en:Method)

Cited By (13)

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US3952950A (en) * 1972-05-19 1976-04-27 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for defogging a roadway, landing strip or the like
US4350020A (en) * 1980-01-24 1982-09-21 Institut Francais Du Petrole Process for producing heat by means of a heat pump operated with a fluid mixture as working agent and air as heat source
US4667479A (en) * 1985-12-12 1987-05-26 Doctor Titu R Air and water conditioner for indoor swimming pool
WO1991016500A1 (en) * 1990-04-12 1991-10-31 Esmond & Clifford, Inc. Method and apparatus for dispelling fog
US5074117A (en) * 1990-11-07 1991-12-24 Mistop, Inc. Air handling system
US5176319A (en) * 1990-04-12 1993-01-05 Esmond & Clifford, Inc. Method and apparatus for dispelling fog
US5242109A (en) * 1990-04-12 1993-09-07 Esmond & Clifford, Inc. Method and apparatus for dispelling fog
US5277707A (en) * 1992-07-16 1994-01-11 Cool Fog Systems, Inc. Air stream solvent vapor remover
US5463873A (en) * 1993-12-06 1995-11-07 Cool Fog Systems, Inc. Method and apparatus for evaporative cooling of air leading to a gas turbine engine
US5676715A (en) * 1996-02-13 1997-10-14 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Key advanced linear kinetic absorber system particulate arresting device
US5810248A (en) * 1993-04-30 1998-09-22 Institut Fur Entwicklung Und Forschung Dr. Vielberth Kg Method for the prevention or elimination of fog over a terrain, as well as system for the performance of this method
US6688117B1 (en) * 1999-12-17 2004-02-10 I.D.E. Technologies, Ltd. Method of improving the performance of heat-pump installations for making ice
US20090116332A1 (en) * 2007-11-02 2009-05-07 Hsi-Ming Shu Multi-functional fuel mixing tank

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IT1214675B (it) * 1986-02-12 1990-01-18 Mancori Giancarlo Apparecchiatura per la dissoluzione della nebbia
ES2072216B1 (es) * 1993-09-03 1998-06-16 Sulla Javier Prio Sistema de calentamiento por rayos infrarrojos para la reduccion de heladas en carreteras y similares.
ITFI940178A1 (it) * 1994-09-26 1994-12-27 Dimitris Moulianitakis Sistema di trasmettitori a emissione di microonde o infrarossi per la eliminazione della nebbia e/o lo scioglimento di ghiaccio e neve
WO1997000007A1 (en) * 1995-06-15 1997-01-03 G.W.P. Limited Method of acting on the lower layers of the atmosphere
US5787385A (en) * 1996-02-28 1998-07-28 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Computer controlled laser fog tracking
KR20030006097A (ko) * 2001-07-11 2003-01-23 찰스우리 안개 제거 시스템
JP5291101B2 (ja) * 2008-07-02 2013-09-18 パナソニック株式会社 ガイド装置
KR101191874B1 (ko) * 2011-01-31 2012-10-16 한국유지관리 주식회사 안개 제거 시스템
KR101570743B1 (ko) * 2015-05-29 2015-11-20 권오준 하이브리드형 음이온생성장치를 통한 안개제거장치
CN105879532B (zh) * 2016-06-28 2018-11-06 何满潮 一种地域空气治理系统

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US3404513A (en) * 1965-02-01 1968-10-08 Cottrell Res Inc Mobile electrostatic precipitator
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US3952950A (en) * 1972-05-19 1976-04-27 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for defogging a roadway, landing strip or the like
US4350020A (en) * 1980-01-24 1982-09-21 Institut Francais Du Petrole Process for producing heat by means of a heat pump operated with a fluid mixture as working agent and air as heat source
US4667479A (en) * 1985-12-12 1987-05-26 Doctor Titu R Air and water conditioner for indoor swimming pool
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US5176319A (en) * 1990-04-12 1993-01-05 Esmond & Clifford, Inc. Method and apparatus for dispelling fog
WO1991016500A1 (en) * 1990-04-12 1991-10-31 Esmond & Clifford, Inc. Method and apparatus for dispelling fog
US5074117A (en) * 1990-11-07 1991-12-24 Mistop, Inc. Air handling system
US5277707A (en) * 1992-07-16 1994-01-11 Cool Fog Systems, Inc. Air stream solvent vapor remover
US5810248A (en) * 1993-04-30 1998-09-22 Institut Fur Entwicklung Und Forschung Dr. Vielberth Kg Method for the prevention or elimination of fog over a terrain, as well as system for the performance of this method
US5463873A (en) * 1993-12-06 1995-11-07 Cool Fog Systems, Inc. Method and apparatus for evaporative cooling of air leading to a gas turbine engine
US5676715A (en) * 1996-02-13 1997-10-14 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Key advanced linear kinetic absorber system particulate arresting device
US5707426A (en) * 1996-02-13 1998-01-13 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Key advanced linear kinetic absorber method using a particulate arresting device
US6688117B1 (en) * 1999-12-17 2004-02-10 I.D.E. Technologies, Ltd. Method of improving the performance of heat-pump installations for making ice
US20090116332A1 (en) * 2007-11-02 2009-05-07 Hsi-Ming Shu Multi-functional fuel mixing tank

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2185728A1 (en:Method) 1974-01-04
FR2185728B3 (en:Method) 1976-05-07
IT987436B (it) 1975-02-20
CH564129A5 (en:Method) 1975-07-15
US3952950A (en) 1976-04-27
GB1386535A (en) 1975-03-05
JPS4967399A (en:Method) 1974-06-29
CA1003297A (en) 1977-01-11

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