US3847828A - Working of non-ferrous metals - Google Patents

Working of non-ferrous metals Download PDF

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Publication number
US3847828A
US3847828A US00360264A US36026473A US3847828A US 3847828 A US3847828 A US 3847828A US 00360264 A US00360264 A US 00360264A US 36026473 A US36026473 A US 36026473A US 3847828 A US3847828 A US 3847828A
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acid
working
lubricant
zirconium
metal
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E Latos
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Honeywell UOP LLC
Universal Oil Products Co
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Universal Oil Products Co
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Priority to US00360264A priority Critical patent/US3847828A/en
Priority to CA199,371A priority patent/CA1032922A/en
Priority to IT50937/74A priority patent/IT1015972B/it
Priority to DE2422925A priority patent/DE2422925A1/de
Priority to ES426270A priority patent/ES426270A1/es
Priority to SE7406367A priority patent/SE412596B/xx
Priority to GB2101674A priority patent/GB1467031A/en
Priority to JP49052970A priority patent/JPS5031261A/ja
Priority to FR7416683A priority patent/FR2229472B1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C9/00—Cooling, heating or lubricating drawing material
    • B21C9/02—Selection of compositions therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/02—Water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/122—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms monocarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
    • C10M2207/128—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids containing hydroxy groups; Ethers thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/16—Naphthenic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/105—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
    • C10M2215/26—Amines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/242—Hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/243—Cold working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/247—Stainless steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles

Definitions

  • a lubricant is required to serve as an anti-wear and anti-seize agent, as well as being required as a coolant.
  • the requirements for said lubricant in the working of ferrous metals are not as severe as the requirements in the case of non-ferrous metals. Accordingly, the prior art is replete with numerous lubricants for use with ferrous metals, these lubricants include oil, fat, grease, soaps, detergents, emulsions, etc. However, these lubricants generally are not satisfactory for use in the working of non-ferrous metals, particularly zirconium, titanium and alloys thereof.
  • zirconium does not possess the property of being able to react with lubricants as do other metals such as iron, tin, lead, etc.
  • lubricants such as iron, tin, lead, etc.
  • certain compounds may be utilized neat as lubricants when working non-ferrous metals.
  • This invention relates to the use of certain compounds as lubricants for non-ferrous metals. More particularly, the invention is concerned with the use of certain polyglycols as a lubricant andV or coolant for the working of non-ferrous metals.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide a lubricating material when working metals wherein one metal is in movable contact with a second metal, the first metal being non-ferrous in nature.
  • an embodiment of this invention is found in a process for the working of a metal, wherein one metal is in movable contact with a second metal and with a lubricant, said lubricant comprising a polyglycol.
  • a specific embodiment of this invention is found in a process for the tube reduction of zirconium alloy in which said zirconium alloy tube is in movable contact with a mandrel and a lubricant, said lubricant comprising polypropylene glycol.
  • the present invention is concerned with a lubricant which is utilized when working metals. While the lubricants of the type hereinafter set forth in greater detail are particularly advantageous for use in the working of non-ferrous metals, it is to be understood that said lubricants may be utilized to advantage in the working of ferrous metals.
  • the working of the metal may take various forms such as drawing, rolling, extruding, cutting, drilling, broa-ching, tapping, threading, etc.
  • the lubricant of the present invention is of especial advantage for use in reducing the diameter of tubes or similar operations.
  • the lubricant In addition to serving as an anti-wear and anti-seizure agent, the lubricant must survive the chemical and thermal environment at the interface in order to avoid formation of wear debris which is difiicult to remove from the finished article.
  • the lubricant must also avoid corrosion of the metal, staining and in addition, must not excessively alter the surface structure of the metal. This latter requirement is of particular importance in the case of zirconium and titanium because of the desirability to prevent formation of an open-grain structure.
  • the lubricant in order to be of eificient use, the lubricant must result, after working of the metal, in a low debris content, a low wear area, and a low surface roughness, that is to say a smaller amount of surface defects which result in the aforesaid open-grain structure.
  • glycols for lubricants.
  • these glycols are not used neat nor are these used for non-ferrous metals such as zirconium.
  • the glycols which are used in the working of other metals such as ferrous metals are actually used as carriers for other additives, these additives being the actual lubricating agents.
  • the polyglycols which are utilized in the present invention are the effective lubricating agents and may be used neat or in combination with a friction modifier.
  • monoor diglycols such as propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, etc. are hygroscopic in nature and therefore will pick up any moisture which may be present, either in the air or on the surface of the metal to be worked, thereby altering the lubricating properties of the lubricant.
  • the polyglycols of the present invention may fall within a Wide range of molecular weights, the criterion for the polyglycol of low molecular weight being that it must not be hygroscopic in nature and the criterion for the highest molecular weight polyglycol which may be used being that it must be liquid in form and possess some water-solubility.
  • polyglycols which are water-soluble, it is possible to elfect an ease of cleaning after the metal has been worked by subjecting the worked piece to a cleaning stream of water or water plus a detergent system.
  • Another advantage in utilizing the polyglycols of the present invention is that said polyglycols are non-toxic in nature as opposed to monohydric compounds such as alcohols which possess a certain degree of toxicity.
  • lubricants of the present invention may also be utilized to advantage in the working of other non-ferrous metals including, but not limited to, aluminum, copper, brass, bronze, magnesium, etc.
  • polyglycols which may be utilized as the lubricant in the process of this invention. will include polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols possessing a molecular weight in the range of from about 400 up to about 2,000 or more, the lower molecular weight polyglycols or higher molecular weight polyglycols possessing one of the criteria hereinbefore set forth, glycerine, or the sorbitol type polyols, etc.
  • polyglycols which may be employed will include those sold by Union Carbide Company under the trade name PPG-424 and PPG-l025 as well as polypropylene glycols sold by the Dow Chemical Company under the trade name P-400, P4200, and P-20 00, in each of these trade names the number designates the moleculare weight of the particular polyglycol.
  • the polyglycols may be utilized in admixture with other ingredients such as friction modifiers.
  • These friction modifiers will include the various soaps, detergents comprising polyoxyethylated materials, acids such as saturated fatty acids, including formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthylic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, etc.; unsaturated fatty acids such as acrylic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, tiglic acid, angelic acid, senecioic acid, hexenic acid, decylenic acid, dodecylenic acid, palmitoleic acid, ricinoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, vacccnic acid, ele
  • the aforementioned friction modifiers may be present in an amount in the range of from about 0.1 to about 2% by Weight of the polyglycol. It is to be understood that the aforementioned examples of polyglycols and friction modifiers are only representative of the class of compounds which may be used, and that the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto.
  • the friction modifiers may be used in solution with the polyglycols of the type hereinbefore set forth. However, if the friction modifier does not form a solution with the polyglycol the composition may then be utilized as an emulsion either with or without water.
  • the lubricant of the present invention may be utilized in any conventional manner, said manner being dependent upon the particular procedure which is employed in the working of the metal. However, in any event, the lubricant must be applied in such a manner so as to insure its presence at the points of contact of the metals which are in moving relationship to each other. Also, the amount of lubricant which is used will be that which is sufircient to accomplish effective lubrication, this amount also being dependent upon the particular working procedure which is employed.
  • Example I The lubricants were evaluated in a modified Bowden- Mos pin and disc machine.
  • the Bowden-Leben method is described in The Friction and Lubrication of Solids, 1954, page 74, by Bowden and Tabor. This method is also discussed in the article by E. Rabinowicz, entitled The Boundary Friction of Very Well Lubricated Surfaces, which was presented at the A.S.L.E. Ninth Annual Meeting in Cincinnati on Apr. 5, 1954, and published in the July-August 1954 issue of Lubricating Engineering.
  • a polished A-S steel disc rotates in contact with an upwardly extended rounded Zircaloy pin.
  • Zircaloy No. 2 is an alloy comprising 98.3% by weight zirconium, 1.5% by weight tin, 0.20% by weight iron and 0.10% by weight chromium.
  • a total of about 2 grams of lubricant is utilized. About 1.8 grams of lubricant is applied to the disc and about 0.2 grams of lubricant is applied to the pin.
  • the equipment is enclosed in a housing which is heated for varying the temperature of the run which, in these evaluations, can be within the range of from 72 to 212 F.
  • the speed is fixed at 6 r.p.m.
  • an original load of 100 grams is increased in units of 100 grams at intervals of gage circuit is used as sensing element in converting the 1.67 minutes to a maximum load of 1300 grams.
  • a strain then are recorded on a continuous chart recorder. The coefficient of friction is determined for each time interval.
  • the diameter of the wear spot on the pin is measured. The pin and disc are visually inspected immediately after the test to determine the amount of debris.
  • Example II To illustrate the contrast between the polyglycols of the present invention and a monoglycol two more runs were made utilizing propylene glycol and dipropylene glycol as the lubricant. The results of these runs are set forth in Table H below:
  • Example III Example IV
  • the lubricant which was evaluated in this example comprised a mixture of 99% P-400 and 1% oleic acid.
  • the coefiicient of friction was reduced from 0.140 to 0.112 during a period of 202 minutes, the wear area was 0.212 and the debris was moderate.
  • Example V A Zircaloy tubing was again subjected to a test similar to that set forth in Example I above utilizing, as a lubricant therefor in the working, a mixture of 99% P-1200 and 1% oleic acid. The test was run at a temperature of 22 C. for a period of 202 minutes, the coeflicient of friction being reduced from 0.142 to 0.108. The amount of debris was light and the wear area was 0.0803 mm
  • Example VI The lubricant which was used in this example comprised a mixture of 99% polyglycol P--200 and 1% oleic acid. The coetficient of friction decreased from 0.117 to 0.087 during a period of 202 minutes, the debris was light to moderate and the wear area was 0.166 mm.
  • Example VII The lubricant which was evaluated in this example comprised a mixture of 99% polyglycol P-400 and 1% stearic acid. After a period of 202 minutes the coeflicient of friction was reduced from 0.140 to 0.119 while the amount of debris was light to moderate. Likewise when the lubricant comprised a mixture of 99% polyglycol P-400 and 1% potassium naphthanate, the coefficient of friction was reduced from 0.175 to 0.121 during a period of 202 minutes and the amount of debris was again light to moderate.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
US00360264A 1973-05-14 1973-05-14 Working of non-ferrous metals Expired - Lifetime US3847828A (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00360264A US3847828A (en) 1973-05-14 1973-05-14 Working of non-ferrous metals
CA199,371A CA1032922A (en) 1973-05-14 1974-05-09 Working of non-ferrous metals
IT50937/74A IT1015972B (it) 1973-05-14 1974-05-10 Perfezionamento nei procedimenti per il trattamento di metalli con l uso di un lubrificante per metalli non ferrosi
DE2422925A DE2422925A1 (de) 1973-05-14 1974-05-11 Verfahren zur bearbeitung von nichteisenmetallen
SE7406367A SE412596B (sv) 1973-05-14 1974-05-13 Forfarande for bearbetning av icke-jernmetaller med anvendning av en polyglykol som smorjmedel
GB2101674A GB1467031A (en) 1973-05-14 1974-05-13 Working of non-ferrous metals
ES426270A ES426270A1 (es) 1973-05-14 1974-05-13 Perfeccionamientos introducidos en el trabajado de metales.
JP49052970A JPS5031261A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-05-14 1974-05-14
FR7416683A FR2229472B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-05-14 1974-05-14

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00360264A US3847828A (en) 1973-05-14 1973-05-14 Working of non-ferrous metals

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3847828A true US3847828A (en) 1974-11-12

Family

ID=23417264

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00360264A Expired - Lifetime US3847828A (en) 1973-05-14 1973-05-14 Working of non-ferrous metals

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3847828A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5031261A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1032922A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2422925A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES426270A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2229472B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1467031A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT1015972B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE412596B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3915872A (en) * 1974-08-08 1975-10-28 Emery Industries Inc Conversion of distillation residues to useful metal working lubricants
US4172800A (en) * 1976-06-21 1979-10-30 Texaco Inc. Drilling fluids containing an admixture of polyethoxylated, sulfurized fatty acids and polyalkylene glycols
US4233876A (en) * 1978-07-27 1980-11-18 Thomas Leahy Method for preventing freeze-up of musical instrument valves and other movable elements
US4250046A (en) * 1979-03-05 1981-02-10 Pennwalt Corporation Diethanol disulfide as an extreme pressure and anti-wear additive in water soluble metalworking fluids
US4257902A (en) * 1976-08-04 1981-03-24 Singer & Hersch Industrial Development (Pty.) Ltd. Water-based industrial fluids
US4398984A (en) * 1980-06-12 1983-08-16 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Method of producing article having secondary part adhered to press-formed metal part
US4781847A (en) * 1986-05-08 1988-11-01 American Polywater Corporation Aqueous lubricant
US6107260A (en) * 1993-12-24 2000-08-22 Castrol Kabushiki Kaisha Aluminium or aluminium alloy moulding process lubricant, and aluminium or aluminium alloy plate for moulding processes
WO2003068897A1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2003-08-21 Ecolab Inc. Lubricant for conveyor system
US20050059564A1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2005-03-17 Ecolab Inc. Lubricant for conveyor system

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS52104658A (en) * 1976-02-27 1977-09-02 Kobe Steel Ltd Lubricant for drawing process
JPS5698294A (en) * 1980-01-09 1981-08-07 Honda Motor Co Ltd Water-soluble cutting oil
JPS572397A (en) * 1980-06-05 1982-01-07 Daido Kagaku Kogyo Kk Lubricant for aluminum processing
EP0059296B1 (en) * 1981-07-29 1984-05-02 VISCOSUD of Dott.Ing. Mario Fiorese S.r.l. Application of polyglycols soluble in water as lubricant in mechanical expanders effecting the cold straightening and gauging of lengthwise welded steel tubes
EP0279098A3 (en) * 1987-02-18 1989-01-11 Master Chemical Corporation Method of cooling and lubricating work pieces during grinding and severe machining operations by means of cubic boron nitride

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB659072A (en) * 1947-02-11 1951-10-17 Bataafsche Petroleum Rust protective composition
FR1130729A (fr) * 1954-05-21 1957-02-11 Dow Chemical Co Perfectionnements à une composition et à un procédé pour laminer des métaux légers
FR1337606A (fr) * 1961-10-18 1963-09-13 Montedison Spa Compositions lubrifiantes pour la déformation à froid des métaux

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3915872A (en) * 1974-08-08 1975-10-28 Emery Industries Inc Conversion of distillation residues to useful metal working lubricants
US4172800A (en) * 1976-06-21 1979-10-30 Texaco Inc. Drilling fluids containing an admixture of polyethoxylated, sulfurized fatty acids and polyalkylene glycols
USRE33124E (en) * 1976-08-04 1989-12-05 Singer and Hersch Industrial Development (PTY) Ltd. Water-based industrial fluids
US4257902A (en) * 1976-08-04 1981-03-24 Singer & Hersch Industrial Development (Pty.) Ltd. Water-based industrial fluids
US4233876A (en) * 1978-07-27 1980-11-18 Thomas Leahy Method for preventing freeze-up of musical instrument valves and other movable elements
US4250046A (en) * 1979-03-05 1981-02-10 Pennwalt Corporation Diethanol disulfide as an extreme pressure and anti-wear additive in water soluble metalworking fluids
US4398984A (en) * 1980-06-12 1983-08-16 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Method of producing article having secondary part adhered to press-formed metal part
US4781847A (en) * 1986-05-08 1988-11-01 American Polywater Corporation Aqueous lubricant
US6107260A (en) * 1993-12-24 2000-08-22 Castrol Kabushiki Kaisha Aluminium or aluminium alloy moulding process lubricant, and aluminium or aluminium alloy plate for moulding processes
WO2003068897A1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2003-08-21 Ecolab Inc. Lubricant for conveyor system
US20030176302A1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2003-09-18 Minyu Li Lubricant for conveyor system
US20040053793A1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2004-03-18 Minyu Li Lubricant composition with reduced sensitivity to low pH for conveyor system
US6855676B2 (en) 2002-02-11 2005-02-15 Ecolab., Inc. Lubricant for conveyor system
US20050059564A1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2005-03-17 Ecolab Inc. Lubricant for conveyor system
US7125827B2 (en) 2002-02-11 2006-10-24 Ecolab Inc. Lubricant composition having a fatty acid, a polyalkylene glycol polymer, and an anionic surfactant, wherein the lubricant is for a conveyor system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2422925A1 (de) 1974-12-05
CA1032922A (en) 1978-06-13
FR2229472A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-12-13
IT1015972B (it) 1977-05-20
ES426270A1 (es) 1976-10-01
GB1467031A (en) 1977-03-16
JPS5031261A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-03-27
FR2229472B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1979-02-16
SE412596B (sv) 1980-03-10

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