US2981686A - Metal working lubricants - Google Patents

Metal working lubricants Download PDF

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US2981686A
US2981686A US770592A US77059258A US2981686A US 2981686 A US2981686 A US 2981686A US 770592 A US770592 A US 770592A US 77059258 A US77059258 A US 77059258A US 2981686 A US2981686 A US 2981686A
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water
soluble
ethylene
copolymer
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Thomas E Reamer
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Shell USA Inc
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Shell Oil Co
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/02—Water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/107—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of two or more specified different alkylene oxides covered by groups C10M2209/104 - C10M2209/106
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/085—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing carboxyl groups; Derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/102—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon only in the ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
    • C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/041—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aliphatic substituents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles

Definitions

  • This invention relates to aqueous base metal-working lubricating compositions. More particularly, it relates to a water-base metal cutting fluid.
  • the art discloses various means of imparting rust inhibiting and extreme pressure properties to water base metal-working lubricants, but with littlesuccess.
  • watersoluble non-ionic compounds such as alkyl phenolethylene oxide reaction products, talloW, fatty acids, soaps, such as sodium or potassium oleate or sulfonate, in combination with water-soluble alkali metal compounds and mixtures thereof, such as the nitrites, phosphates, carbonates, or chromates, e.g., mixtures of sodium nitrite and sodium phosphate, or mixtures of sodium nitrite and sodium carbonate.
  • Water-oil emulsions additionally present a dermatitis and stability problem upon use and are generally undesirable because of their opaqueness thus making it diflicult to observe the machining process.
  • an aqueous medium such as water containing from about 0.5% to about 15%
  • nonionic polymeric compounds such as alkyl phenol-ethylene oxide reaction products, block copolymers of dissimilar alkylene oxides and their derivatives such as are commercially available under the trade name of Pluronics and the like produce undesirable frictional problems, foaming, instability and the like.
  • the alkylene polymercaptoearboxylic acids' are prepared by reacting an aliphatic mercapto carboxylic acid with an aliphatic carbonyl compound such as an aliphatic aldehyde. Methods of preparing such acids are described by Ritter et al., JACS 74, 5576 (1952), or Holmberg et al., Ann 353, 123 (1907).
  • mercapto acids include mercaptoacetic acid, alpha or beta-mercaptopropionic acids, alpha,beta-dimercaptopropionic acid, alpha-mercaptobutyric acid and the like.
  • the organic carbonyl compounds include aldehydes such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde, glyoxal, or ketones such as acetone, butanone, etc.
  • the water-soluble neutral polyalkali metal salts of an alkylene polymercaptocarboxylic acid include dior tetrasodium, lithium or potassium salt of methylene bis(mercaptoacetic acid), ethylene bis (mercaptoacetic acid), methylene bis(mercaptopropionic acid), methylene bis- (mercapto acid), methyl bis(mercaptoacetic acid),
  • a ratio of from 75 :25 to 10:90 is meant that, in the formation of copolymer the amount of 1,2-propylene oxide is from /3 to 9 times the amount of ethylene oxide present, byweight, the parts or proportion of the 1,2-propylene oxide being given last.
  • copolymer diols may be employed in a modified form as the monoethers ormonoesters of monohydric alcohols or atoms.
  • Disodium monobasic acids the diols.
  • the alcohols preferably have from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, while the monocarboxylic acids preferably have from i to 12 carbon
  • the alkanolamines which are used in compositions of this invention include mono, di-' and tri-ethanolamine, propanolamine, N,N-dimethylisopropanolamine, and mixtures thereof; Y
  • compositions are representative of the invention, which can be useineat or diluted with from lto 10 partsof'water, as metal-working lubricants for cutting,drilling-and thelike.
  • methylene bis(mercaptoacet ate) Hetero-copolymer of ethylene, oxide -l, 2-propylene oxide (75725 having a viscosity ,of at These materials are de- Composition B
  • Composition C Disodium salt of methylene bis(dimercaptoacetic acid) 6 Hetero-copolymer of ethylene oxide-1,2-propylene oxide (75/25) having a viscosity of 1400 at 100 F.
  • compositions of this invention Diethanolamine 4 Sodium mercaptobenzothiazole 1 Dimethyl silicone polymer 0.001 Water Balance Composition E Dipotassium salt of methylene bis(mercaptoacetic acid) 2 Hetero-copolymer of ethylene oxide-1,2-propylene oxide (75/25) having a viscosity of 450 at Triethanolamine 2 Water Balance
  • the outstanding properties of compositions of this invention are demonstrated by results obtained from subjecting them to the following tests:
  • Drilling test The compositions were used in drilling deep 1" holes in A151 4340 steel at 1440 rpm.
  • compositions A-E in the four-ball test gave average weld loads of between 600 and 1000 kg., and these compositions gave values of from 300 to 800% above the reference fluid (X).
  • substitution of other salts of sulfur-containingcarboxylic acids for the polyalkali metal mercap'topolycarboxyla'tes used in compositions of this invention such as sodium mercaptoacetate or sodium dibutyldithiocarbamate gave much lower weld'loads in the four-ball machine, around 200300.
  • compositions (A-E) of the present invention are non-foaming.
  • compositions of this invention may contain additional additives, such as water-soluble corrosion inhibitor," e.g., sodium mercapto benzothiazole, anti-foaming agents such as silicone polymer, 'perfuming agents, and dyes.
  • water-soluble corrosion inhibitor e.g., sodium mercapto benzothiazole
  • anti-foaming agents such as silicone polymer, 'perfuming agents, and dyes.
  • this invention have good surface finish, are free from rust and the cutting tool life is excellent.
  • An aqueous metal-working lubricant comprising a major amount of water and from about 0.5% to 15% each of (1) a water-soluble normal alkali metal salt of an alkylene poly(mercaptoalkylene carboxylic acid), said compound having from 1 to 4 carboxyl groups in the molecule and the alkylene radical being selected from the group of methylene, ethylene and butylene radicals, (2) a water-soluble hetero-copolymer of a mixture of randomly distributed ethylene and propylene oxides in the molecular ratio of from 75:25 to 10:90, respectively, having a molecular weight of from about 250 to about 1500, and (3) a water-soluble alkanolamine.
  • An aqueous metal-Working lubricant comprising a major amount of water and from about 2% to about 10% each of (1) a water-soluble neutral dialkali metal salt of an alkylene bis(mercaptoalkylene carboxylic acid), the alkylene radical being selected from the group of methylene, ethylene and butylene radicals, (2) a water-soluble hetero-copolymer of ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene glycol in the ratios of from 75:25 to 10:90 respectively and having a molecular weight of from about 250 to about 1500 and (3) a water-soluble alkanolamine.
  • An aqueous metal-working lubricant comprising a major amount of water and from about 2% to about 10% each of (l) a water-soluble neutral tetraalkali metal salt of an alkylene tetrakis(mercaptoalkylene carboxylic acid), the alkylene radical being selected from the group of methylene, ethylene and butylene radicals, (2) a watersoluble hetero-copolymer of ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene glycol in the ratios of from 75:25 to 10:90 respectively and having a molecular weight of from about 250 to about 1500 and (3) a water-soluble alkanolamine.
  • An aqueous metal-working lubricant comprising a major amount of water and from about 2% to about 10% each of (1) a water-soluble neutral disodium metal salt of an alkylene bis(mercaptoalkylene carboxylic acid), the alkylene radical being selected from the group of methylene, ethylene and butylene radicals, (2) a watersoluble hetero-copolymer of ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene glycol in the ratios of from 75 :25 to 10:90: respectively and having a molecular weight of from about 250 to about 1500 and (3) a water-soluble ethanolamine.
  • An aqueous metal-working lubricant comprising a major amount of water and from about 2% to about 10% each of (1) a water-soluble neutral tetrasodium metal salt of an alkylene tetrakis(mercaptoalkylene carboxylic acid), the alkylene radical being selected from the group of methylene, ethylene and butylene radicals, (2) a water-soluble heterocopolyrner of ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene glycol in the ratios of from 75 :25 to 10:90 respectively and having a molecular weight of from about 250 to about 1500, and (3) a water-soluble ethanolamine.
  • An aqueous metal-working lubricant comprising a major amount of water and from about 2% to'about 10% each of (1) disodiumsalt'of,methylene bis(mercaptoacetic acid), (2) ,a water-soluble hetero-copolymer of ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene glycol in the ratios of from 75:25. to 10:90 respectively and having a molecular weight of from about 250 to about 1500 and (3) a watersoluble alkanolamine.
  • An aqueous metal-working lubricant comprising a major amount ofwater and from about 2% to about 10% compositions maybe applied with excellent results to general cutting operations where cooling and lubricating of thetool an'd workpiece under adverse conditions are encountered.
  • An aqueous metal-working lubricant comprising a major amount of water and from about 2% to about 10% each of (1) tetrapotassium salt of ethylene tetrakis(thiaacetic acid), (2) a water-soluble hetero-copolymer of ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene glycol in the ratios of from 75:25 to 10:90 respectively and having a molecular weight of from about 250 to about 1500 and (3) a watersoluble alkanolamine.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Description

nite =1 METAL WORKING LUBRICANTS Thomas E. Reamer, El Cerrito, Calif., assignor to Shell This invention relates to aqueous base metal-working lubricating compositions. More particularly, it relates to a water-base metal cutting fluid.
It is well known in the art that water base fluids possess good cooling properties for processing metals, but that they lack the lubricity and extreme pressure properties of oil base lubricants and usually cause corrosion. On the other hand, oil base lubricants are inferior coolants and are costly.
The art discloses various means of imparting rust inhibiting and extreme pressure properties to water base metal-working lubricants, but with littlesuccess. Among the materials commonly used for this purpose are watersoluble non-ionic compounds, such as alkyl phenolethylene oxide reaction products, talloW, fatty acids, soaps, such as sodium or potassium oleate or sulfonate, in combination with water-soluble alkali metal compounds and mixtures thereof, such as the nitrites, phosphates, carbonates, or chromates, e.g., mixtures of sodium nitrite and sodium phosphate, or mixtures of sodium nitrite and sodium carbonate. Water-oil emulsions additionally present a dermatitis and stability problem upon use and are generally undesirable because of their opaqueness thus making it diflicult to observe the machining process.
It is an object of this invention to provide a cutting fluid having both good cooling and good lubricating properties. Another object of the invention is to provide a non-corrosive aqueous cutting solution. Still another object of the invention is to provide a stable, non-corro sive, aqueous cutting composition free of ingredients capable of causing dermatitis infections. Another object of the invention is to provide a multi-functional metal working lubricant useful at high speeds, heavy loads, high pressures and high temperatures.
The above and other objects are attained in accordance with the present inventionby an aqueous medium, such as water containing from about 0.5% to about 15%,
preferably from 2% to 10% by weight each of (1) a water-soluble normal alkali metal salt of apolymercapto- (thin-)carboxylic acid having the general formula R(S R -COOH) wherein R. and R, can be the same or different alkylenegroups of from 1 to 6 and preferably from 1 to 4 carbonatoms such as methylene, ethylene or .butylene groups, x is an integer of from 2 to 4, and y is an integer of 1 to 2; (2) an alkanolamine, such as'mono dior triethanolamine, mono-, di-, or'tripropanolamine,
etc., or the like; and (3) a water-soluble hetero copoly- -.meric alkylene'glycol, etheror ester thereof, wherein the different oxyalkylene units are substantially"randomly the alkanolamines inhibit corrosion without producing .any undesirable sideclfectaiwhich is no nne of alkali States Patent f Patented Apr. 25, 1961 metal nitrites which form unstable solutions in combination with polymercaptocarboxylates. The water-soluble hetero copolymerimproves the antifrictional properties of compositions of the present invention, particularly under slow sliding conditions. On the other hand, other nonionic polymeric compounds such as alkyl phenol-ethylene oxide reaction products, block copolymers of dissimilar alkylene oxides and their derivatives such as are commercially available under the trade name of Pluronics and the like produce undesirable frictional problems, foaming, instability and the like.
The alkylene polymercaptoearboxylic acids'are prepared by reacting an aliphatic mercapto carboxylic acid with an aliphatic carbonyl compound such as an aliphatic aldehyde. Methods of preparing such acids are described by Ritter et al., JACS 74, 5576 (1952), or Holmberg et al., Ann 353, 123 (1907). Among the mercapto acids are included mercaptoacetic acid, alpha or beta-mercaptopropionic acids, alpha,beta-dimercaptopropionic acid, alpha-mercaptobutyric acid and the like. The organic carbonyl compounds include aldehydes such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde, glyoxal, or ketones such as acetone, butanone, etc.
The water-soluble neutral polyalkali metal salts of an alkylene polymercaptocarboxylic acid include dior tetrasodium, lithium or potassium salt of methylene bis(mercaptoacetic acid), ethylene bis (mercaptoacetic acid), methylene bis(mercaptopropionic acid), methylene bis- (mercapto acid), methyl bis(mercaptoacetic acid),
ethylene tetrakis(mercaptoacetic acid), ethylene tetrakisratios of from 75:25 to 10:90 ethylene oxide to 1,2-pr0- pylene oxide, and molecular weight from about 250 to about 1500.
By a ratio of from 75 :25 to 10:90 is meant that, in the formation of copolymer the amount of 1,2-propylene oxide is from /3 to 9 times the amount of ethylene oxide present, byweight, the parts or proportion of the 1,2-propylene oxide being given last.
' scribed in U.S.'Patents 2,425,755 and 2,425,845. The copolymer diols may be employed in a modified form as the monoethers ormonoesters of monohydric alcohols or atoms.
:inpercentages by weight.
Disodium monobasic acids the diols. The alcohols preferably have from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, while the monocarboxylic acids preferably have from i to 12 carbon The alkanolamines which are used in compositions of this invention include mono, di-' and tri-ethanolamine, propanolamine, N,N-dimethylisopropanolamine, and mixtures thereof; Y
The following compositions are representative of the invention, which can be useineat or diluted with from lto 10 partsof'water, as metal-working lubricants for cutting,drilling-and thelike. {The proportions are given methylene bis(mercaptoacet ate) Hetero-copolymer of ethylene, oxide -l, 2-propylene oxide (75725 having a viscosity ,of at These materials are de- Composition B Composition C Disodium salt of methylene bis(dimercaptoacetic acid) 6 Hetero-copolymer of ethylene oxide-1,2-propylene oxide (75/25) having a viscosity of 1400 at 100 F. Dimethylisopropanolamine 2 Sodium mercaptobenzothiazole 0.1 Water Balance Composition D Tetrapotassium salt of ethylene tetral;is(mercaptoacetic acid) 4 Hetero-copolymer of ethylene oxide-1,2-propylene oxide (75/25), having a viscosity of 1400 at 100 F. Diethanolamine 4 Sodium mercaptobenzothiazole 1 Dimethyl silicone polymer 0.001 Water Balance Composition E Dipotassium salt of methylene bis(mercaptoacetic acid) 2 Hetero-copolymer of ethylene oxide-1,2-propylene oxide (75/25) having a viscosity of 450 at Triethanolamine 2 Water Balance The outstanding properties of compositions of this invention are demonstrated by results obtained from subjecting them to the following tests:
(1) Four-ball machine tests as described in the Journal of the Institute of Petroleum Technology, pages 7 206-229, April 1946.
(2) Drilling test: The compositions were used in drilling deep 1" holes in A151 4340 steel at 1440 rpm. and
compared with a reference waterbasecu tting fluid (X), the reference fluid being rated as 100%.
' Compositions A-E in the four-ball test gave average weld loads of between 600 and 1000 kg., and these compositions gave values of from 300 to 800% above the reference fluid (X). The substitution of other salts of sulfur-containingcarboxylic acids for the polyalkali metal mercap'topolycarboxyla'tes used in compositions of this invention such as sodium mercaptoacetate or sodium dibutyldithiocarbamate gave much lower weld'loads in the four-ball machine, around 200300. Also, the substitutionof other types of non-ionic compounds for the heterocopolymer used in'Compositions A -E, such as a .block copolymer of ethylene oxideand propylene oxide available commercially under the trade name Pluronic L64 (Wyandotte Chemical Company) or an alkylphenolethyleneoxide' condensation product, caused excessive foaming, whereas compositions (A-E) of the present invention are non-foaming.
Compositions of this invention may contain additional additives, such as water-soluble corrosion inhibitor," e.g., sodium mercapto benzothiazole, anti-foaming agents such as silicone polymer, 'perfuming agents, and dyes. The
4 this invention have good surface finish, are free from rust and the cutting tool life is excellent.
I claim as my invention:
1. An aqueous metal-working lubricant comprising a major amount of water and from about 0.5% to 15% each of (1) a water-soluble normal alkali metal salt of an alkylene poly(mercaptoalkylene carboxylic acid), said compound having from 1 to 4 carboxyl groups in the molecule and the alkylene radical being selected from the group of methylene, ethylene and butylene radicals, (2) a water-soluble hetero-copolymer of a mixture of randomly distributed ethylene and propylene oxides in the molecular ratio of from 75:25 to 10:90, respectively, having a molecular weight of from about 250 to about 1500, and (3) a water-soluble alkanolamine.
2. An aqueous metal-Working lubricant comprising a major amount of water and from about 2% to about 10% each of (1) a water-soluble neutral dialkali metal salt of an alkylene bis(mercaptoalkylene carboxylic acid), the alkylene radical being selected from the group of methylene, ethylene and butylene radicals, (2) a water-soluble hetero-copolymer of ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene glycol in the ratios of from 75:25 to 10:90 respectively and having a molecular weight of from about 250 to about 1500 and (3) a water-soluble alkanolamine.
3. An aqueous metal-working lubricant comprising a major amount of water and from about 2% to about 10% each of (l) a water-soluble neutral tetraalkali metal salt of an alkylene tetrakis(mercaptoalkylene carboxylic acid), the alkylene radical being selected from the group of methylene, ethylene and butylene radicals, (2) a watersoluble hetero-copolymer of ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene glycol in the ratios of from 75:25 to 10:90 respectively and having a molecular weight of from about 250 to about 1500 and (3) a water-soluble alkanolamine.
4. An aqueous metal-working lubricant comprising a major amount of water and from about 2% to about 10% each of (1) a water-soluble neutral disodium metal salt of an alkylene bis(mercaptoalkylene carboxylic acid), the alkylene radical being selected from the group of methylene, ethylene and butylene radicals, (2) a watersoluble hetero-copolymer of ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene glycol in the ratios of from 75 :25 to 10:90: respectively and having a molecular weight of from about 250 to about 1500 and (3) a water-soluble ethanolamine.
5. An aqueous metal-working lubricant comprising a major amount of water and from about 2% to about 10% each of (1) a water-soluble neutral tetrasodium metal salt of an alkylene tetrakis(mercaptoalkylene carboxylic acid), the alkylene radical being selected from the group of methylene, ethylene and butylene radicals, (2) a water-soluble heterocopolyrner of ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene glycol in the ratios of from 75 :25 to 10:90 respectively and having a molecular weight of from about 250 to about 1500, and (3) a water-soluble ethanolamine. p
:6. An aqueous metal-working lubricant comprising a major amount of water and from about 2% to'about 10% each of (1) disodiumsalt'of,methylene bis(mercaptoacetic acid), (2) ,a water-soluble hetero-copolymer of ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene glycol in the ratios of from 75:25. to 10:90 respectively and having a molecular weight of from about 250 to about 1500 and (3) a watersoluble alkanolamine.
to 1% of sodium mercaptobenzothiazole;
8. An aqueous metal-working lubricant comprising a major amount ofwater and from about 2% to about 10% compositions maybe applied with excellent results to general cutting operations where cooling and lubricating of thetool an'd workpiece under adverse conditions are encountered. Metals machined with the aid of fluids of water-soluble alkanolamine: f
each of (1) tetrasodium salt of ethylene tetrakisfiner of from 75:25 to,10: respectively and having a molecular weightof from about 250 to about1500 and (3) a 3-.' aq s me al-:workingclubricarit comprising a captoacetic acid), (2) a'water-soluble hetero-copolymer of ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylen'e' glycol in theratios major amount of water and from about 2% to about 10% each of (1) dipotassium salt of methylene bis(mercaptoacetic acid), (2) a water-soluble hetero-copolymer of ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene glycol in the ratios of from 75:25 to 10:90 respectively and having a molecular weight of from about 250 to about 1500 and (3) a watersoluble alkanolamine.
10. An aqueous metal-working lubricant comprising a major amount of water and from about 2% to about 10% each of (1) tetrapotassium salt of ethylene tetrakis(thiaacetic acid), (2) a water-soluble hetero-copolymer of ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene glycol in the ratios of from 75:25 to 10:90 respectively and having a molecular weight of from about 250 to about 1500 and (3) a watersoluble alkanolamine.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Roberts et a1. Aug. 19, 1947 Toussaint et a1. Aug. 19, 1947 Gresham et a1 Sept. 28, 1948 Gregory et a1. July 8, 1952 Beaubien et a1 Mar. 4, 1958 FOREIGN PATENTS Great Britain Oct. 6, 1954 Great Britain Jan. 5, 1955

Claims (1)

1. AN AQUEOUS METAL-WORKING LUBRICANT COMPRISING A MAJOR AMOUNT OF WATER AND FROM ABOUT 0.5% TO 15% EACH OF (1) A WATER-SOLUBLE NORMAL ALKALI METAL SALT OF AN ALKYLENE POLY(MERCAPTOALKYLENE CARBOXYLIC ACID), SAID COMPOUND HAVING FROM 1 TO 4 CARBOXYL GROUPS IN THE MOLECULE AND THE ALKYLENE RADICAL BEING SELECTED FROM THE GROUP OF METHYLENE, ETHYLENE AND BUTYLENE RADICALS, (2) A WATER-SOLUBLE HETERO-COPOLYMER OF MIXTURE OF RANDOMLY DISTRIBUTED ETHYLENE AND PROPYLENE OXIDES IN THE MOLECULAR RATIO OF FROM 75:25 TO 10:90, RESPECTIVELY, HAVING A MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF FROM ABOUT 250 TO ABOUT 1500, AND (3) A WATER-SOLUBLE ALKANOLAMINE.
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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US3079340A (en) * 1959-10-05 1963-02-26 Shell Oil Co Metal working lubricant
US3177144A (en) * 1961-01-23 1965-04-06 Shell Oil Co Lubricating composition
US3983044A (en) * 1974-04-01 1976-09-28 Sun Oil Company Of Pennsylvania Low smoking lubricating composition for cold heading operations
US3995465A (en) * 1975-03-21 1976-12-07 Sun Oil Company Of Pennsylvania Method of coldworking metal pieces
US4043925A (en) * 1974-12-13 1977-08-23 Suntech, Inc. Low smoking composition and method for cold heading operations
EP0025125A1 (en) * 1979-08-17 1981-03-18 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien Use of hydroxy carboxylic acids that contain sulphur as corrosion inhibitors for aqueous systems
US4452711A (en) * 1983-01-20 1984-06-05 Aluminum Company Of America Aqueous metalworking lubricant containing polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers
US4452712A (en) * 1983-01-20 1984-06-05 Aluminum Company Of America Metalworking with an aqueous synthetic lubricant containing polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers
US4830768A (en) * 1988-02-22 1989-05-16 Aluminum Company Of America Metalworking lubricant composition containing propoxylated fatty alcohol
EP3124583A4 (en) * 2014-03-28 2017-09-06 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd Water-soluble metalworking fluid, and metalworking coolant

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US2425845A (en) * 1945-04-21 1947-08-19 Carbide & Carbon Chem Corp Mixtures of polyoxyalkylene diols and methods of making such mixtures
US2425755A (en) * 1944-06-01 1947-08-19 Carbide & Carbon Chem Corp Mixtures of polyoxyalkylene monohydroxy compounds and methods of making such mixtures
US2449992A (en) * 1945-10-05 1948-09-28 Goodrich Co B F Preparation of beta-thio carboxylic acid compounds
US2602816A (en) * 1947-06-18 1952-07-08 Goodrich Co B F Method for preparing sulfur-containing carboxylic acids
GB716354A (en) * 1951-07-18 1954-10-06 Bataafsche Petroleum Metal working lubricating compositions
GB721526A (en) * 1951-12-26 1955-01-05 Bataafsche Petroleum Metal working lubricating compositions
US2825693A (en) * 1955-02-03 1958-03-04 Shell Dev Metal working lubricant

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US2425755A (en) * 1944-06-01 1947-08-19 Carbide & Carbon Chem Corp Mixtures of polyoxyalkylene monohydroxy compounds and methods of making such mixtures
US2425845A (en) * 1945-04-21 1947-08-19 Carbide & Carbon Chem Corp Mixtures of polyoxyalkylene diols and methods of making such mixtures
US2449992A (en) * 1945-10-05 1948-09-28 Goodrich Co B F Preparation of beta-thio carboxylic acid compounds
US2602816A (en) * 1947-06-18 1952-07-08 Goodrich Co B F Method for preparing sulfur-containing carboxylic acids
GB716354A (en) * 1951-07-18 1954-10-06 Bataafsche Petroleum Metal working lubricating compositions
GB721526A (en) * 1951-12-26 1955-01-05 Bataafsche Petroleum Metal working lubricating compositions
US2825693A (en) * 1955-02-03 1958-03-04 Shell Dev Metal working lubricant

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3079340A (en) * 1959-10-05 1963-02-26 Shell Oil Co Metal working lubricant
US3177144A (en) * 1961-01-23 1965-04-06 Shell Oil Co Lubricating composition
US3983044A (en) * 1974-04-01 1976-09-28 Sun Oil Company Of Pennsylvania Low smoking lubricating composition for cold heading operations
US4043925A (en) * 1974-12-13 1977-08-23 Suntech, Inc. Low smoking composition and method for cold heading operations
US3995465A (en) * 1975-03-21 1976-12-07 Sun Oil Company Of Pennsylvania Method of coldworking metal pieces
EP0025125A1 (en) * 1979-08-17 1981-03-18 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien Use of hydroxy carboxylic acids that contain sulphur as corrosion inhibitors for aqueous systems
US4452711A (en) * 1983-01-20 1984-06-05 Aluminum Company Of America Aqueous metalworking lubricant containing polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers
US4452712A (en) * 1983-01-20 1984-06-05 Aluminum Company Of America Metalworking with an aqueous synthetic lubricant containing polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers
US4830768A (en) * 1988-02-22 1989-05-16 Aluminum Company Of America Metalworking lubricant composition containing propoxylated fatty alcohol
EP3124583A4 (en) * 2014-03-28 2017-09-06 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd Water-soluble metalworking fluid, and metalworking coolant

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