US3846238A - Fermentation process for converting hydrocarbons to proteinaceous materials - Google Patents

Fermentation process for converting hydrocarbons to proteinaceous materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US3846238A
US3846238A US00289228A US28922872A US3846238A US 3846238 A US3846238 A US 3846238A US 00289228 A US00289228 A US 00289228A US 28922872 A US28922872 A US 28922872A US 3846238 A US3846238 A US 3846238A
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United States
Prior art keywords
strain
yeast
hydrocarbon
candida lipolytica
nutrient medium
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00289228A
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English (en)
Inventor
G Evans
J Shennan
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BP PLC
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BP PLC
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/26—Processes using, or culture media containing, hydrocarbons
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
    • Y10S435/8215—Microorganisms
    • Y10S435/911—Microorganisms using fungi
    • Y10S435/921—Candida
    • Y10S435/923—Candida lipolytica

Definitions

  • the present invention is concerned with improvements in and relating to a continuous process for converting hydrocarbons to proteinaceous material.
  • the invention relates to a continuous process for the production of single cell protein by cultivating a new yeast strain on a hydrocarbon as the carbon substrate.
  • the present invention is a process for the conversion of a hydrocarbon into a proteinaceous material which comprises continuously cultivating Candida lipolytica strain C.B.S. number 6331 in the presence of a straight chain hydrocarbon having at least 10 carbon atoms per molecule, an aqueous nutrient medium and a gas containing free oxygen.
  • Preferred hydrocarbons are normal parafiins recovered from petroleum fractions in the kerosine or gas oil boiling ranges.
  • these hydrocarbons are gas oil boiling range normal paraflins containing 11 to 23 and mainly 14 to 21 carbon atoms per molecule and kerosine boiling range normal parafiins containing 10 to 13 carbon atoms per molecule.
  • Straight chain hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum feedstocks by molecular sieve treatment are most suitable.
  • Crude protein contents in the range 63 to 65 percent by weight in relation to the dry weight of whole cells can be obtained by cultivating the new strain on the preferred kerosine normal paraflins.
  • Production rates of about 5 grams per litre per hour with a minimum of about 2.5 grams per litre per hour can be obtained by the use of the new strain.
  • the strain has a high yield factor of about 1, i.e. ratio of the weight of yeast produced in relation to the weight of hydrocarbon utilised by the yeast. It has a high growth rate, particularly on the preferred hydrocarbons, thus permitting operation -at relatively high dilution rates, for example growth rates (division times) of less than 4 hours giving a D max. of more than O.15h It can be cultivated at commercially acceptable growth rates and yield factors under non aseptic conditions in the presence of bacterial contamination.
  • yield factor is a measure of the efliciency with which the assimilable hydrocarbons are converted into cellular materials.
  • the process can be carried out using any of the known cultivation techniques.
  • Preferred temperature ranges are from 27 to 33 C. and preferred pH ranges are 4.0 to 5.5.
  • Most suitably cultivation is caried out in a stirred, aerated pressure vessel. Where over pressure is applied it can be in the range up to 5 kilograms per square centimeter absolute.
  • high growth rates can be maintained over a wide range of temperature and pH, such as for example a pH range of 3 to 5.7 and a temperature range of 20 to 35 C. This facilitates, in non aseptic operation, the selection of conditions of pH and temperature which cause wash-out of microbial contamination or at least suppresses the contaminant to levels which do not substantially affect the production of yeast biomass.
  • bacterial contamination can be suppressed by operation at a pH in the range 4 to 4.8 and conveniently the temperature can be in the range of about 27 to 33 C.
  • the new strain is a mutant derived from a wild yeast which we have isolated and identified as Candida lipolytica in accordance with the taxonomic criteria of Lodder.
  • the new strain is lodged at the Centraalbureau Voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn, Holland, where it has the C.B.S. number 6331.
  • the new strain has the following characteristics.
  • Candida lipolytica C.B.S. strain number 2078 and C.M.I. strain 93743 These characteristics correspond with standard description of C. lipolytica var. lipolytica given by J. Lodder, The Yeasts. A Taxonomic Study. 2 ed. 1970 pp. 991-993, except that when plated on glucose/yeast extract/peptone agar or Dalmau plate cultures on corn meal agar (Lodder 2 ed. 1970 p. 992), the colonies are cream coloured, smooth, have a matt surface with no folding and no pseudomycelium is formed.
  • Candida lipolytica strain C.B.S. Number 6331 was cultivated continuously under aseptic conditions in a stirred, aerated pressure vessel having a working volume of 1800 litres.
  • the carbon substrate was a mixture of kerosine range normal parafiins having C to C carbon atoms per molecule obtained by subjecting a petroleum feedstock to molecular sieve treatment.
  • the aqueous nutrient medium had the following composition:
  • Thiamine hydrochloride220 milligrams. Tap water to 1 litre.
  • the broth had a dry cell weight of 23.6 grams per litre.
  • the run was continued for 1000 hours. During this period the broth was sampled at intervals of 24 hours and the culture examined for strain variation. The samples were plated on Sabourauds Dextrose Agar (Oxoid) and Malt Exract Agar (Oxoid). (Oxoid is a registered trademark.) The plates were incubated for 3 days at C. The resulting colonies were cream coloured, smooth, with a matt surface and no folding.
  • the yeast had a crude protein content in the range 63 to 66 percent by weight in relation to the dry weight of the yeast.
  • the cell concentration was about 1.5 grams/litre. Owing to the slow growth rate the start up period was extended until a cell concentration of 16 grams/litre was reached (Le.
  • the yield factor was 0.58.
  • Candida lipolytica strain C.B.S. 6331 was inoculated into an aqueous nutrient medium and a hydrocarbon as the source of utilisable carbon contained in a stirred, aerated, pressure vessel having a working volume of 55 litres.
  • the hydrocarbon was a mixture of gas-oil range normal parafiins having 11 to 18 and mainly 14 to 17 carbon atoms per molecule which was obtained by subjecting a gas oil petroleum feedstock to a molecular sieve treatment.
  • the aqueous nutrient media had the following composition:
  • the cell density of the yeast (Candida lipolytica strain C.B.S. 6331) was 23.5 grams per litre and the yield factor was 0.99.
  • the yeast product had a crude protein content; of 59 percent by weight in relation to the dry weight of the whole cells.
  • the pH of the broth was then raised from 4.5 to 4.8 during a period of operation from 520 to 680 hours.
  • Bacterial counts carried out on the broth between 800 to 1200 hours of operation were of the order of 10 to 3 10 cells per millilitre.
  • the number of Candida lipolytica cells present during the same period were of a similar order to the numbers of bacterial cells.
  • the dry cell weight of the yeast was 21.3 grams per litre and the yield factor was 0.96.
  • the crude protein content of the yeast was about 59 percent by weight in relation to the dry weight of the Whole cells.
  • This example demonstrates satisfactory continuous operation of a fermentation for the production of yeast biomass using the new strain Candida lipolytica strain CBS. 6331 in the presence of a substantial level of bacterial contamination.
  • a process for the conversion of a hydrocarbon into a proteinaceous material which comprises continuously cultivating Candida lipolytica strain C.'B.S. number 6331 in the presence of a straight chain hydrocarbon having at least 10 carbon atoms per molecule, an aqueous nutrient medium and a gas containing free oxygen.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
US00289228A 1971-09-17 1972-09-15 Fermentation process for converting hydrocarbons to proteinaceous materials Expired - Lifetime US3846238A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB4342171A GB1401277A (en) 1971-09-17 1971-09-17 Fermentation process for converting hydrocarbons to proteinaceous materials

Publications (1)

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US3846238A true US3846238A (en) 1974-11-05

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US00289228A Expired - Lifetime US3846238A (en) 1971-09-17 1972-09-15 Fermentation process for converting hydrocarbons to proteinaceous materials

Country Status (15)

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US (1) US3846238A (cs)
JP (1) JPS5533307B2 (cs)
AT (1) AT315110B (cs)
BE (1) BE788902A (cs)
BG (1) BG25657A3 (cs)
CS (1) CS166819B2 (cs)
DE (1) DE2245545C3 (cs)
ES (1) ES407000A1 (cs)
FR (1) FR2153029B1 (cs)
GB (1) GB1401277A (cs)
IT (1) IT965374B (cs)
NL (1) NL7212529A (cs)
RO (1) RO62308A (cs)
SU (1) SU493978A3 (cs)
ZA (1) ZA726114B (cs)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BG25657A3 (en) 1978-11-10
AT315110B (de) 1974-05-10
GB1401277A (en) 1975-07-16
DE2245545C3 (de) 1974-09-19
RO62308A (cs) 1977-08-15
DE2245545B2 (de) 1974-02-14
NL7212529A (cs) 1973-03-20
JPS5533307B2 (cs) 1980-08-29
JPS4836391A (cs) 1973-05-29
CS166819B2 (cs) 1976-03-29
ES407000A1 (es) 1976-02-16
BE788902A (fr) 1973-03-15
FR2153029A1 (cs) 1973-04-27
DE2245545A1 (de) 1973-03-29
SU493978A3 (ru) 1975-11-28
IT965374B (it) 1974-01-31
ZA726114B (en) 1974-04-24
FR2153029B1 (cs) 1975-01-03

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