US3846068A - Refractory structure,particularly for a metallurgical shaft furnace - Google Patents

Refractory structure,particularly for a metallurgical shaft furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
US3846068A
US3846068A US00234138A US23413872A US3846068A US 3846068 A US3846068 A US 3846068A US 00234138 A US00234138 A US 00234138A US 23413872 A US23413872 A US 23413872A US 3846068 A US3846068 A US 3846068A
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United States
Prior art keywords
joints
refractory
layers
elements
layer
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00234138A
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English (en)
Inventor
Laar J Van
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Koninklijke Nl Hoogovens En Staalfab Nv nl
KONINKLIJKE HOOGOVENS EN STAAL
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KONINKLIJKE HOOGOVENS EN STAAL
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/10—Cooling; Devices therefor
    • C21B7/106—Cooling of the furnace bottom

Definitions

  • a refractory bottom structure for a metallurgical shaft furnace which is characterized by having a plurality of horizontal layers of separate refractory block elements in which at least the upper layers thereof have at least part of the refractory block elements arranged one to the side of the other with open expansion joints horizontally spaced between them, with the width of the expansion joints, when the block elements are in a cold condition, corresponding to the thermal expansion of the bordering refractory block elements in the direction toward the joints over a temperature range up to about 50 to 200C below the operating temperature of the elements.
  • the invention will be described below with particular reference to a refractory structure of the bottom of a blast furnace, although it is not restricted thereto.
  • the invention is also applicable to advantage to the refractory structure of the bottom of several other types of metallurgical furnaces such as cupolas and the like.
  • the present invention is based upon the idea that the said deviations from the theoretical behaviour are due to a mechanical damaging of part of the bottom layers as a result of too high forces occurring in said bottom.
  • the said disadvantages can be removed by applying the structure according to the present invention, which consists in that, at least in the upper layer, part of the refractory elements is arranged one to the side of the other with open expansion joints between them, the width of said joints in cold condition corresponding to the thermal expansion of the mutually bordering refractory elements in the direction of said joints over a temperature range up to about 50 to 200C below the operating temperature of said elements. Due to this structure it is obtainable that the entire thermal expansion can be taken up in the expan-.
  • a structure in which the refractory elements of a bottom of a furnace are positioned at some distance from one another, the joint thus obtained being filled by a granular filling material to be compressed.
  • Such structure is usually applied if the dimensions of the refractory elements to be used are not sufficiently accurate, so that a full contact over the bordering surfaces between the bricks cannot be expected.
  • the joints are filled with a filling granular mass which is compressed intimately so as to aim at a very dense filling mass which in all circumstances gives a good sealing against the possible intrusion of liquid metal, and a very good heat conduction through the joints and through the mass filling them.
  • the structure according to the invention is sufficiently closed to avoid that the refractory elements can float in the metal as a result of the penetration of liquid metal between and below the bricks. Moreover an additional measure to avoid this with more certainty is obtainable if the refractory elements are provided in part with inclined surfaces, so that the entire structure is interlocking, which is known as such in other structures of refractory bricks.
  • An additional degree of safety against the penetration into the entire bottom of liquid metal is according to the invention obtainable if in a manner known as such, when applying the invention, the upper layers are positioned according to patterns which are mutually at different angles horizontally. Often the patterns of subsequent layers are turned about an angle of about 30 with respect to each other. According to the invention in such a case at each intersection of two superposed expansion joints in adjacent layers it is necessary to interrupt the dilatation joint in at least one of these layers by the presence of a filling block in a recess in the refractory elements of this layer at this intersection. In an emergency case, if the metal will penetrate a layer, it will be able to penetrate at most along the depth of one layer into the bottom and not deeper.
  • annular layers of bricks which, bordering said bottom layers, form for instance the wall of the hearth of a blast furnace. If this is realized it is necessary according to the invention at least in the inner annular layer, to position the refractory bricks also one to the side of the other with open expansion joints, the width of which in cold condition corresponds to the thermal dilatation of the elements in a tangential or annular direction over the temperature range from cold condition up to about 50 to 200C below the operating temperature of said elements.
  • FIG. 1 gives these parts in vertical section.
  • FIG. 2 is a transverse section along the line IIIl in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a transverse section along .Ihe line III--III in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 shows the detail at reference IV in FIG. 1 enclosed by a dotted circle, in view from above and in horizontal section.
  • reference numerals 1 to 5 inclusive diagrammatically show several bottom layers of the bottom of a blast furnace.
  • Layer 1 itself is composed of several layers, of which the composition and embodiment are not of importance for the present invention and may be of a type known and usual to the expert.
  • Layers 2 to 5 inclusive are in this case built up of carbon bricks, although the choice of this material is neither essential for the invention. These layers have a thickness of about cm.
  • FIG. 2 which shows a view from above of layer 5
  • the pattern has been given, according to which the bricks are positioned in said layer.
  • the bottom diameter was about 10 m.
  • the lower layers 2, 3 and 4 have essentially the same pattern, but extending at angles of about 30 to each'adjacent higher layer.
  • the carbon bricks 8 to 12 inclusive of the central row in layer 5 are shown in FIG. 1 and 2.
  • Several end faces of the blocks are inclined, as for instance shown at the joint 13. It is obtained thereby that the blocks of the same layer wedge together or interlock more or less against the danger of floating in the metal. As already remarked above this danger may occur if the liquid iron of high specific gravity (about 7.8) could penetrate between and below the blocks of a layer of refractory blocks which in general will have a specific gravity of about 1.5.
  • Crosslets in FIG. 2 indicate the joints which are open in cold condition of the bottom.
  • the four joints in the same row have a width of for instance 8, l2, l2 and 8 mm respectively.
  • the total possibility of expansion transverse to a series of joints is about 0.4 percent of the length of the layer in the same direction. In the lower layers 4,3 and 2 this percentage decreases to about 0.3, 0.2 and 0.1 percent respectively.
  • the long horizontal joints between the rows are of a width of preferably about 5 mm as an average with no or only slight mutual deviations of said width in the several joints.
  • the joints are filled by sheets or plates of a plastic material to facilitate an accurate positioning. Already at a very low temperature the plastic material will burn away, so that in fact the joints act as open joints.
  • FIG. 3 shows part of such an annular layer according to the section III-III in FIG. 1.
  • the carbon bricks of this annular layer three of these bricks being indicated by 14, 15, 16 in FIG. 3, are mutually separated by expansion or dilatation joints of a width of 2 mm.
  • FIG. 4 shows, on an enlarged scale, detail IV of FIG. 1 in a view from above and horizontal section through layer 4.
  • Two blocks 22 and 23 of layer 4 are positioned so as to have a joint 17 therebetween with some clearance.
  • Dotted lines 18 show the joint between two blocks of the subsequent higher layer 5, which joint intersects the joint 17.
  • joint 17 is interrupted by a small block 19, which fits into recesses in blocks 22 and 23.
  • the small block 19 leaves joints 20 and 21 with some clearance and which in this area take over the function of joint 17.
  • this block In the side faces of this small block parallel to the plane of the drawing this block has no open joint, but fits also in cold condition exactly between the bricks of adjacent layers above and below it. It is possible to manufacture this small block 19 from the same material as the adjacent bricks in the same layer.
  • the means of FIG. 4 are to be seen as an additional security measure against the penetration of metal. As already remarked above this measure will as a rule not be necessary as penetration of liquid metal into the bottom will, even without such a measure, usually be avoided sufficiently. ,ll
  • a refractory bottom structure for a metallurgical shaft furnace comprising a plurality of horizontal layers of separate refractory block elements, wherein at least the upper layers thereof have at least part of the refractory block elements arranged one to the side of the other with open expansion joints horizontally spaced between them, the width of said joints when the block elements are in cold condition corresponding to the thermal expansion of the bordering refractory block elements in the direction towards said joints over a temperature range up to about 50 to 200C below the operating temperature of said elements.
  • annular layers of refractory block elements adjacent to said bottom layer are built up forming a wall for a hearth for the furnace and further characterized in that at least in the inner annular layer of the refractory block elements are alsO arranged one to the side of the other with open expansion joints therebetween having a width corresponding to the width of the joints in said bottom layer.
  • a refractory bottom structure for a metallurgical shaft furnace comprising a plurality of horizontal layers of separate refractory block elements, wherein at least the upper layers thereof have at least part of the refractory block elements arranged one to the side of the other with open expansion joints horizontally spaced between them, the width of said joints when the block elements are in cold condition corresponding to the thermal expansion of the bordering refractory block elements in the direction towards said joints over a temperature range up to about 50 to 200C below the operating temperature of said elements, and wherein further at least the upper layers of said block elements are positioned according to a pattern, which are mutually at a different angle to one another and said block elements being further characterized in that at each intersection of two expansion joints in vertically adjacent layers the expansion joint in at least one of said layers is provided with a recess area and a small filling block positioned within said recess area to prevent direct vertical communication between the two expansion joints through said intersection.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Blast Furnaces (AREA)
US00234138A 1971-03-15 1972-03-13 Refractory structure,particularly for a metallurgical shaft furnace Expired - Lifetime US3846068A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL717103442A NL151438B (nl) 1971-03-15 1971-03-15 Hoogoven.

Publications (1)

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US3846068A true US3846068A (en) 1974-11-05

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ID=19812690

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US00234138A Expired - Lifetime US3846068A (en) 1971-03-15 1972-03-13 Refractory structure,particularly for a metallurgical shaft furnace

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US3846068A (xx)
JP (1) JPS53117503U (xx)
BE (1) BE780689A (xx)
CA (1) CA966304A (xx)
DE (1) DE2212318C3 (xx)
FR (1) FR2129659A5 (xx)
GB (1) GB1374864A (xx)
IT (1) IT952976B (xx)
NL (1) NL151438B (xx)
ZA (1) ZA721661B (xx)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4852859A (en) * 1987-03-05 1989-08-01 Hoogovens Groep B.V. Gastight bottom construction for a shaft furnace

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5907107B2 (ja) * 2013-03-28 2016-04-20 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 高炉炉底構造

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4852859A (en) * 1987-03-05 1989-08-01 Hoogovens Groep B.V. Gastight bottom construction for a shaft furnace

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7103442A (xx) 1972-09-19
BE780689A (nl) 1972-09-15
DE2212318C3 (de) 1981-10-08
NL151438B (nl) 1976-11-15
IT952976B (it) 1973-07-30
FR2129659A5 (xx) 1972-10-27
DE2212318B2 (de) 1981-02-19
GB1374864A (en) 1974-11-20
DE2212318A1 (de) 1972-09-21
JPS53117503U (xx) 1978-09-19
ZA721661B (en) 1972-12-27
CA966304A (en) 1975-04-22

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