US3845651A - Method and device for the precision shaping of a metal part - Google Patents

Method and device for the precision shaping of a metal part Download PDF

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Publication number
US3845651A
US3845651A US00314677A US31467772A US3845651A US 3845651 A US3845651 A US 3845651A US 00314677 A US00314677 A US 00314677A US 31467772 A US31467772 A US 31467772A US 3845651 A US3845651 A US 3845651A
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United States
Prior art keywords
blank
cavity
shaping
stress
upsetting
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00314677A
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English (en)
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J Vau
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Individual
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/78—Making other particular articles propeller blades; turbine blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K3/00—Making engine or like machine parts not covered by sub-groups of B21K1/00; Making propellers or the like
    • B21K3/04—Making engine or like machine parts not covered by sub-groups of B21K1/00; Making propellers or the like blades, e.g. for turbines; Upsetting of blade roots

Definitions

  • the length of the initial blank to be shaped is somewhatgreater than that desired for the end product, with substantially constant cross-sectional surface areas, but with transverse dimensions (width and thickness) such that upon completion of the first-step shaping operation these last-mentioned dimensions are slightly inferior, at all points, to those of the desired part;
  • the shaping operation is performed by applying to the part in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis thereof a force sufficient for shaping the part between one or two dies and one or more punches defining therebetween a cavity capable of providing the end shape of the part to be obtained after the longitudinal elastic release thereof, the shaping stroke being limited by external stop members;
  • the part contained therein is stabilized by applying to one or either end of said part in the direction of the axis thereof, an upsetting force sufficient to cause said part to be shortened to a limited extent determined by stop means or an antagonistic force, and to cause the very slight swelling effect resulting from the application of said upsetting force to be absorbed by said cavity, the upsetting stress being relieved before or simultaneously with the cavity closing stress.
  • the present invention relates to a novel method intended for accurately shaping a metal part from a piece of sheet-metal, a. This method is particularly adapted for the making of parts with a cross-sectional surface area is substantially constant throughout its length.
  • Such parts are made in general by pressing a blank or the like between a die and a punch of which the shapes are somewhat accentuated with respect to those of the end product to be obtained, so as to compensate empirically for the elastic return (relaxation) of the part after the punch has been removed therefrom.
  • the desired shape is a result of a kind of equilibrium between the internal flexion and torsional static stress produced in opposition on either side of neutral fiber or axis.
  • the length of the initial blank to be shaped is somewhat greater than thatdesired for the end product, with substantially constant cross-sectional surface areas, but with transverse dimensions (width and thickness) such that upon completion of the first-step shaping operation these last-mentioned dimensions are slightly inferior, at all points, to those of the desired part;
  • the shaping operation proper is performed by applying to the part in a direction substantiaily perpendicular to the longitudinal axis thereof a force sufficient for shaping the part between one ortwo dies and one or more punches reserving therebetween a cavity capable of providing the end shape of the part to be obtained after the longitudinal elastic release thereof, the shaping stroke being limited by external stop members;
  • the part contained therein is stabilized by applying to one or either end of said part, in the direction of the output axes thereof, an upsetting force suffcient to cause said part to be shortened to a limited extent determined by stop means or an antagonistic force, and to cause the very slight swelling effect resulting from the application of said upsetting force to be absorbed by said cavity, the upsetting stress being rclieved before, or simultaneously with the cavity closing stress.
  • the present invention is also concerned with a shaping device specially designed for carrying out the method set forth hereinabove.
  • a shaping device specially designed for carrying out the method set forth hereinabove.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are an end view and a slide elevational view, respectively, of a metal section or blank suitable for making a turbine blade by applying the method of this invention
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are an end view and a side elevational view respectively of the same turbine blade upon completion of the shaping thereof;
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view from above of the blade
  • FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of the device utilized for making this turbine blade for carrying out the method of the invention
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 are longitudinal sectional views of the same device, shown before and after the final operation consisting in stabilizing the part, respectively;
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 are end views showing two different section contours adapted to be used for making the blade shown in FIGS. 3 and 4;
  • FIGS. 10A is a plan view from above of the piece of metal section shown in FIG. 10;
  • FIGS. ill and 12 are longitudinal sectional views of another embodiment of the device utilized for carrying out the method of this invention.
  • FIGS. 13 is a fragmentary longitudinal section showing another embodiment of the device.
  • FIGS. 14A and 14B are fragmentary views, in longitudinal section and cross-section, respectively, of another embodiment of the device.
  • FIG. 15 is a fragmentary plan view from above of one end of a tenon blade shaped by applying the method of this invention, with the corresponding upsetting punch.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a metal blank (workpiece) 1 adapted to be used for making the part through the method of the present invention, which, in this example, is a turbine blade 2 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • the shape of this blade departs from that of the initial section 1 by differences'in the curvature and in the angular relationship of its various cross-sections with respect to one of its edges taken as a reference, so that this blade has a more or less curved twisted shape.
  • very strict tolerances are imposed upon the shape of parts of this character. of this invention.
  • the piece 1 utilized herein has a length L slightly greater than the length L of the part to be obtained, as measured before its elastic expansion, this length L being therefore smaller than the length of the final piece.
  • the various cross-sectional areas of this section are substantially constant, but its dimensions are very slightly inferior at all points of this section with respect to those of the part to be obtained.
  • This metal section element is firstly shaped between a die 3 and a punch 4, the punch being actuated by a press or any other suitable machine.
  • the die is fitted in a plate 6 carried by a support 7 (FIG. 6).
  • On either side of the space occupied by the punch and die assembly guide members 8 are provided for limiting the width of the part to be shaped, and stop members are also provided for limiting the closing stroke of the corresponding cavity.
  • the punch 4 When the punch 4 has nearly completed its working stroke, it leaves in relation to the die 3 a cavity having the outer contour of the turbine blade to be obtained before its elastic expansion.
  • this cavity comprises a slight clearance about the part 1 after the shaping thereof, in order to permit the subsequent slipping thereof between the punch and die and also to permit a slight swelling of this part when the abovementioned upsetting stresses are applied to its ends.
  • the cavity formed between the punch and die is open at at least one end. More particularly this cavity is open at either ends in the example illustrated.
  • the length of the punch and die assembly is equal to the length L of the part to be made, before its elastic expansion, this length L comprising the metal scraps to be subsequently cut off from its two ends for finishing the part (see FIG. Under these conditions, when the metal section is positioned in the die and punch assembly its ends project slightly outwards as illustrated in FIG. 7.
  • the shaping punch and the die may consist of a single member or of several members each adapted to travel in a specific direction.
  • a first step of the method of this invention the operation consisting in performing the shaping proper of the part is carried out.
  • the section blank 1 is positioned between the punch and die.
  • this element is stabilized in its final shape by applying an upsetting or extrusion stress to its two ends by using two punches 5 therefor. During this operation, the punch 4 is kept under stress between the abutmentforming guide member 8.
  • the clearance provided in the method of this invention between the part and the cavity is sufficient to permit the longitudinal slip during the upsetting step, that upon completion of this upsetting step the slight swelling of the part has reduced this clearance, and that the part itself, during its elastic expansion and due to this very expansion is liable, owing to its shape and length, to have its desired high precision somewhat impaired. It is the purpose of the retractable tool means shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, which are adapted to follow longitudinal deformations, to solve this specific problem.
  • the minimum percentage, under normal working conditions, of this reduction in length may range from about 1 percent to about 5 percent, but it may also be as high as 10 percent and more in specific cases involving if necessary the use of retractable dies.
  • the degree of upsetting of the metal in the shaped element may be adjusted by modifying accordingly the length of the section or blank which projects from the die or is inscribed in the retractable die.
  • a safety force may be interposed, if desired.
  • the upsetting stresses are exerted in a direction other than that corresponding to the pressure applied through the shaping punch 4, that is, in the axial direction of the end of the part to be shaped.
  • the axes along which stresses are exerted are merged into one and lie in a plane perpendicular to the direction of travel of the shaping punch 4.
  • a different arrangement could be contemplated as a function of the shape of the part to be obtained and also of the general direction of the ends to which the upsetting forces are to be applied.
  • the ends of the upsetting punch and those of the part to be shaped must coincide as much as possible to that the upsetting stress be properly applied.
  • the stress surface it is possible to provide for the stress surface a shape consistent with that of the final part to be obtained.
  • the blank ends may be cut beforehand to the desired shape as illustrated in FIG. 15 in the case of blank 1d. But in this case the corresponding upsetting punch 5d must have the same shape. Thus, a subsequent cutting or trimming of the ends may be avoided.
  • the initial blank or rough piece may correspond to a simple rectilinear cutting operation performed at right angles to the axis of the metal section.
  • a sinuous contact surface to be reproduced on the tool means may be obtained.
  • this solution compulsorily involves a complementary cutting step.
  • FIGS. 14A and 14B illustrate a typical form of embodiment of a shaping tool adapted to perform the cutting operation at the same time.
  • a cutting blade die 3h registering with the blade punch 4h at either end, or at least at one end.
  • a movable plate 19 adapted to act as a blank clamping member is then fitted in position.
  • the corresponding'workpiece is stabilized by exerting upsetting stresses against its opposite ends, as described hereinabove.
  • the blank 1f shaped between the punch 4f and the corresponding die 3f does not project from the end illustrated outside the cavity formed between these two members. In fact, after the shaping operation this blank is simply flush with the corresponding ends of these members. However, this end is freely open and registering therewith is an upsetting punch 5f carrying a blade 21 adapted to engage the end of blank If and then penetrate into the cavity reserved between the punch and die in order to produce the desired upsetting action.
  • a guide member 22 may be provided for the blade 21 of upsetting punch 5f.
  • a stop member 23 permits of determining very accurately the end of the punch stroke.
  • the method of this invention is applicable to the shaping of parts of variable length.
  • the punch and die may be divided into several sequential sections as shown at 30, 3b, 3c, for the die and 4a, 4b and 4c for the punch (FIGS. 11 and 12).
  • the component elements of these two assemblies may be urged initially away from each other to obtain a suitable relative spacing thereof, as shown in FIG. 11, by using spring means on the like.
  • tool means open at either ends or closed at one'end and open at the other end (see FIG. ll), or closed at both ends.
  • the present method should not be construed as being strictly limited to the manufacture of blades, notably turbine stator blades.
  • this method may be applied to the manufacture of any elements or parts comprising a substantially constant cross-sectional surface area throughout its length, and these elements or parts may be extremely diversified.
  • the present method and the means for carrying out same permit of manufacturing workpieces and the like, of the type broadly mentioned hereinabove, whether from a blank having a shape approaching the desired final shape or from a metal section having simply a continuous crosssectional contour.
  • the upsetting stresses applied for shaping the part could be exerted in directions forming a certain angle with one another, in the case of a curved or bent part, as seen in plan view from above, or in side elevational view, or a combination of these two views.
  • a method of forming and stress-relieving a sheetmetal blank comprising the steps of:
  • An apparatus for shaping and stress-relieving a sheet-metal blank comprising:
  • a pair of relatively displaceable dies including at least one movable die shiftable transversely to said blank to bend the latter;
  • abutment means for said movable die limiting the displacement thereof to confine said blank in a cavity from which said blank projects at least along one side thereof, said cavity having a thickness and width slightly greater than these of said blank at all points and corresponding to the thickness and width of the article to be produced whereby said blank is maintained under bending stress in said cavity;
  • At least one punch shiftable transversely to said blank and adapted to remove material along a side of said blank, said punch defining said cavity with said dies and said abutment means;
  • an upsetting tool shiftable laterally of said cavity and engageable with said edge to upset said blank and cause it to swell and fill said cavity while relieving the bending stress of said blank.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
US00314677A 1971-12-13 1972-12-13 Method and device for the precision shaping of a metal part Expired - Lifetime US3845651A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7144681A FR2163320B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-12-13 1971-12-13

Publications (1)

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US3845651A true US3845651A (en) 1974-11-05

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US00314677A Expired - Lifetime US3845651A (en) 1971-12-13 1972-12-13 Method and device for the precision shaping of a metal part

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US (1) US3845651A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE792138A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH561573A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2260742C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2163320B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1419255A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IL (1) IL41057A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT971800B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7216955A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE389047B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4823578A (en) * 1985-12-28 1989-04-25 Furukawa Aluminum Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing substrate for memory disk
US4825680A (en) * 1985-12-28 1989-05-02 Furukawa Aluminum Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing metal substrates for disk for memory storage media
US4829799A (en) * 1985-12-28 1989-05-16 Furukawa Aluminum Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing substrate for memory disk
US4870524A (en) * 1984-07-06 1989-09-26 Furukawa Aluminum Co., Ltd. Substrate for rigid disk storage media
US5335526A (en) * 1991-01-29 1994-08-09 Garrison Marvin C Method of manufacturing substrates for memory disks
US20030226128A1 (en) * 2002-05-31 2003-12-04 Kenji Arai Basic cell of gate array semiconductor device, gate array semiconductor device, and layout method for gate array semiconductor device
US20060130553A1 (en) * 2004-12-17 2006-06-22 Dan Roth-Fagaraseanu Method for the manufacture of highly loadable components by precision forging
US20070277579A1 (en) * 2004-02-12 2007-12-06 Trygve Ruste Method And Tool For Closed Die Forging
US20090071220A1 (en) * 2005-10-04 2009-03-19 Auto Chassis International Snc Equipment for producing a closed-section cross-member, comprising an adaptable-length punch and/or matrix, and corresponding production method
US20100095733A1 (en) * 2007-03-01 2010-04-22 Ulrich Salamon Method for shaping a blank, and cooling device for a blank
US20120151755A1 (en) * 2010-12-16 2012-06-21 Rolls-Royce Plc Clipping die for clipping a component
US10634009B2 (en) * 2016-06-08 2020-04-28 Rolls-Royce Plc Datum positioning in dies

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2396605A1 (fr) * 1977-07-06 1979-02-02 Vau Paul Appareil standard susceptible d'etre installe sur une presse pour la commande d'un dispositif de formage precis d'une piece metallique
DE102010009811B4 (de) * 2010-03-02 2013-05-16 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Biegevorrichtung zum Biegen einer Schaufel eines Schaufelrings

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US426652A (en) * 1890-04-29 Method of manufacturing axles
US524092A (en) * 1894-08-07 Machine for making axles

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US426652A (en) * 1890-04-29 Method of manufacturing axles
US524092A (en) * 1894-08-07 Machine for making axles

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4870524A (en) * 1984-07-06 1989-09-26 Furukawa Aluminum Co., Ltd. Substrate for rigid disk storage media
US4825680A (en) * 1985-12-28 1989-05-02 Furukawa Aluminum Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing metal substrates for disk for memory storage media
US4829799A (en) * 1985-12-28 1989-05-16 Furukawa Aluminum Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing substrate for memory disk
US4823578A (en) * 1985-12-28 1989-04-25 Furukawa Aluminum Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing substrate for memory disk
US5335526A (en) * 1991-01-29 1994-08-09 Garrison Marvin C Method of manufacturing substrates for memory disks
US20030226128A1 (en) * 2002-05-31 2003-12-04 Kenji Arai Basic cell of gate array semiconductor device, gate array semiconductor device, and layout method for gate array semiconductor device
US20070277579A1 (en) * 2004-02-12 2007-12-06 Trygve Ruste Method And Tool For Closed Die Forging
US7571528B2 (en) 2004-12-17 2009-08-11 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg Method for the manufacture of highly loadable components by precision forging
US20060130553A1 (en) * 2004-12-17 2006-06-22 Dan Roth-Fagaraseanu Method for the manufacture of highly loadable components by precision forging
US20090071220A1 (en) * 2005-10-04 2009-03-19 Auto Chassis International Snc Equipment for producing a closed-section cross-member, comprising an adaptable-length punch and/or matrix, and corresponding production method
US20100095733A1 (en) * 2007-03-01 2010-04-22 Ulrich Salamon Method for shaping a blank, and cooling device for a blank
US8272245B2 (en) * 2007-03-01 2012-09-25 Schuler Smg Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for shaping a blank, and cooling device for a blank
EP2117743B1 (de) 2007-03-01 2015-08-05 Schuler Pressen GmbH Kühlvorrichtung für eine platine
US20120151755A1 (en) * 2010-12-16 2012-06-21 Rolls-Royce Plc Clipping die for clipping a component
US9056352B2 (en) * 2010-12-16 2015-06-16 Rolls-Royce Plc Clipping die for clipping a component
US10634009B2 (en) * 2016-06-08 2020-04-28 Rolls-Royce Plc Datum positioning in dies

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE792138A (fr) 1973-03-16
DE2260742A1 (de) 1973-06-14
SE389047B (sv) 1976-10-25
IL41057A0 (en) 1973-02-28
NL7216955A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-06-15
DE2260742C3 (de) 1981-02-19
CH561573A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-05-15
FR2163320A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-07-27
FR2163320B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-12-20
IL41057A (en) 1976-05-31
DE2260742B2 (de) 1980-06-12
IT971800B (it) 1974-05-10
GB1419255A (en) 1975-12-24

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