US3844844A - High toughness iron balls and process of making the same - Google Patents
High toughness iron balls and process of making the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3844844A US3844844A US00333270A US33327073A US3844844A US 3844844 A US3844844 A US 3844844A US 00333270 A US00333270 A US 00333270A US 33327073 A US33327073 A US 33327073A US 3844844 A US3844844 A US 3844844A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- balls
- iron
- ball
- cast iron
- eutectic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical group C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910001037 White iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010080 roll forging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000519995 Stachys sylvatica Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
- B02C17/18—Details
- B02C17/20—Disintegrating members
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49712—Ball making
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/51—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling
- Y10T29/5116—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling forging and bending, cutting or punching
- Y10T29/512—Ball making
Definitions
- the high toughness iron balls for grinding having excellent ductility, wear resistance, and heat resistance are composed of white cast iron having fine eutectic cementite structure formed by destroying the network structure of an eutectic structure in as-cast condition, in which said eutectic cementite has been concentric spherically and uniformly 'dispersed and arranged in the ball.
- the present invention relates to high toughness iron balls having excellent ductility, wear resistance, and heat resistance suitable for grinding use in ball mills, etc.
- the invention relates further to a process of making such excellent high toughness iron balls as mentioned above.
- cast iron series balls mainly represented by chilled balls made by casting in a sand mold or a metallic mold
- steel series balls made by die-forging or roll-forging.
- the cast iron series balls are excellent in wear resistance, they are inferior in toughness and thus are apt to be readily damaged during use and further apt to be cracked by thermal influences.
- the steel series balls are excellent in toughness but they are inferior in wear resistanceand thus cannot endurably used for a long period of time.
- An object of this invention is, therefore, to provide high toughness iron balls which are superior in ductility, wear resistance, and heat resistance and can be quite effectively and undurably used as iron balls for grinding in ball mills, etc.
- Another object of this invention is to provide a novel and simple method of making the aforesaid high toughness iron balls.
- high toughness iron balls for grinding comprising white cast iron fine eutectic cementite structure formed by destroying the network structure of the eutectic structure in as-cast condition, said eutectic cementite having been dispersed and arranged concentric-spherically and uniformly in the ball.
- the present invention provides also a method of making the high toughness iron balls as mentioned above which comprises casting the melt of iron having a chemical composition belonging to that of hypoeutectic pig iron into a white cast iron bar, subjecting, after heating, the white cast iron bar to hot plastic deformation working by forging at a temperature of 900C. to l,l2SC. to form white cast iron balls having such a structure that the finely destroyed eutectic cementite has been concentric-spherically and uniformly dispersed and arranged in the pearlitic matrix of the ball, rapid-cooling the balls, and then tempering the balls at a temperature range below the A, point of the cast iron or annealing the balls at a temperature range of 150C. to 250C.
- White cast iron is ordinary brittle in the as-cast state which is apt to suffer segregations and internal defects. Therefore, for giving high toughness to such white cast iron, there have usually been employed a method in which the white cast iron is heat-treated for a long period of time to change the cast structure of it and a method in which magnesium, calcium, or an alloying element having the similar effect is added to the white cast iron to precipitate graphite therein and further the structure of the graphite is converted into a spheroidal or spindle-shaped graphite structure.
- the high toughness iron balls provided with excellent ductility as well as excellent wear resistance and heat resistance are prepared by subjecting white cast iron having a chemical composition range of hypo-eutectic pig iron to hot plastic deformation working to form white cast iron balls and then subjecting the cast iron balls to the heat treatment as mentioned above.
- Such excellent and epochal characters of the high toughness iron balls of this invention as iron balls for grinding have never been obtained by conventional methods of improving the characters of cast iron and further have never been seen in conventional chilled balls and steel balls.
- the conditions for the hot deformation working and the heat treatment are important for producing the high toughness iron balls of this invention.
- the melt having a chemical composition belonging to that of hypo-eutectic pig iron is cast into a white cast iron bar having a simple sectional shape such as a round-type bar by means of a sand mold, a metallic mold, or a continuous casting machine and after heating, the white cast iron bar is subjected to a hot plastic deformation working by means of a hammer, a free forging machine, a die-forging machine, or a roll-forging machine at a temperature of 900C. to l,l20C. to form the balls of the white cast iron.
- a cast block has ordinary a binary structure composed of austenite and eutectic cementite or a ternary structure composed of austenite, eutectic cementite, and a very small amount of ultra fined graphite.
- the cast iron balls are heat-treated under the following conditions for providing the high toughness iron balls of this invention. That is, the cast iron balls prepared by the aforesaid hot plastic deformation working are cooled rapidly by means of water cooling, oil cooling, spray cooling, air blast cooling, or air cooling and thereafter are tempered at a temperature range below the A point of the cast iron in accordance with the desired hardness for the iron balls or are annealed at a temperature range of C. to 250C. By the heattreatment, the mechanical and physical properties of the iron balls can be greatly improved to provide the high toughness iron balls of this invention.
- the steel balls are, after forging or roll-forging, subjected to a heat-treatment such as tempering to increase the surface hardness of the steel balls but by such a known technique the depth of the hardened layer is thin and thus in case of treating large steel balls, it is difficult to increase the hardness of the balls up to the deep inside portion.
- the surface hardness of chilled balls has generally improved, without applying a heat-treatment such as quenching and tempering, by precipitating a large amount of cementite having high hardness in the pearlitic matrix of the ball.
- the hardness drop in cross section of the chilled balls is less than the case of the steel balls but the chilled balls are brittle owing to the network structure of the eutectic cementite or the pro-eutectic cementite precipitated.
- the high toughness iron balls of this invention have, however, such a specific structure that the eutectic cementite of network structure in the as-cast condition has been concentric-spherically, uniformly, and finely dispersed and arranged throughout the ball by the applications of the abovementioned hot plastic deformation working and heat-treatment.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the sectional hardness distributions in a conventional chilled ball (A) and a conventional steel ball (B) together with that in the high toughness iron ball (C) of this invention
- FIG. 2(a) is a sketch according to a micrograph showing the micro-structure of a conventional chilled ball and (b) is a sketch according to a photograph showing the macro-structure of the cross section of the chilled ball taken through the central portion thereof,
- FIG. 3(a) is a sketch according to a micrograph showing the micro-structure of a conventional steel ball and (b) is a sketch according to a photograph showing the macro-structure of the cross section of the steel ball taken through the central portion thereof, and
- FIG. 4(a) is a sketch according to a micrograph showing the micro-structure of the high toughness iron ball of this invention and (b) is a sketch according to a photograph showing the macro-structure of the cross section taken through the central portion thereof.
- the hardness drop of the high toughness iron ball (C) of this invention from the surface to the central portion thereof is less than that of the conventional chilled ball (A), particularly that of the conventional steel ball (B).
- the microscopic structure of the chilled ball is different from the microscopic structure of the steel ball, that is, the wear resistance of the chilled ball is higher than that of the steel ball owing to the eutectic cementite (white part) present in the structure of the chilled ball.
- the wear resistance of the chilled ball is higher than that of the steel ball owing to the eutectic cementite (white part) present in the structure of the chilled ball.
- the state of the eutectic cementite precipitated in the structure of the chilled ball is the network state peculiar to the chilled ball and thus the chilled ball is essentially brittle as well as is low in resistance to the development of thermal cracking owing to the network structure of the eutectic cementite. Consequently, fine cracks are apt to form on the surface of the chilled ball, which results in causing readily undesirable fatigue fractures.
- the chilled balls are brittle as mentioned above, it is required for giving high toughness to the chilled balls to heat-treat the chilled balls for a long period of time to granulate the pearlite (black parts) and at the same time to spherodize the network structure composed of the eutectic cementite and pro-eutectic cementite groups (white parts) by cutting the network structure.
- it is quite difficult to change fundamentally the structure of the eutectic cementite in the'as-cast state and thus the chilled balls are inevitably brittle as compared with the steel balls.
- the surface hardened layer (white layer) of the steel ball formed by quenching is thin and accordingly although the steel balls may show high wear resistance at the beginning of grinding when the balls are used, the wear resistance thereof will be greatly reduced with the passage of time during use.
- the direction of solidifying structure is clearly observed in the direction of dead head as shown in FIG. 2(b). That is, the upward direction of the sketch shown in FIG. 2(b) is the direction of dead head and since the dendrite structure is developed converging to the dead head, the material quality of each portion in the inside of the chilled ball becomes inevitably ununiform.
- FIGS. 4(a) and (b) show respectively the sketch of the microscopic structure of the high toughness iron ball of this invention and the sketch of the macroscopic structure of the cross section of the same ball through the central portion and the chemical composition of the iron ball is as shown in Example 1 of Table l, in which the crushing strength, the surface hardness, and the wear resistance of four examples of the high toughness iron balls of this invention are shown together with the chemical compositions of the balls and these of a conventional chilled ball and steel ball are also illustrated for the sake of comparison. As shown in FIGS.
- the high toughness iron ball of this invention has such a specific or unique structure that the fine deformed eutectic cementite (white spots) formed by the aforesaid hot working have been uniformly dispersed and arranged in the tough pearlitic matrix (black parts) formed by the aforesaid heat-treatment.
- the white spots in FIG. 4 (b) show the deformed eutectic cementite.
- the results of crushing strength test and wear resistance test of the high toughness iron balls of this invention and the conventional chilled ball and steel ball are shown in Table l as indicated above.
- the crushing strength test was conducted according to the crushing test of I18 3-1501, 9, 3.
- the wear resistance test was conducted by charging the test balls having a diameter of 45 mm. in a ball mill containing kg. of silicon carbide particles of 60 mesh, rotating the mill at a Wear ratio to steel mean abrasion loss.
- the high toughness iron balls of this invention are excellent in ductility by 3.6-4.0 times that of the chilled ball and l.4-l.6 times that of the steel ball and also in wear resistance by 1.2-2.7 times that of the chilled ball and 2.1-3.9 times that of the steel ball.
- the high toughness iron balls of this invention used in the above tests and shown in the above table as Examples 1 to 4 were all prepared by the following manner. That is, the melt having the chemical composition shown in the table was melted in a 5-tons low-frequency induction furnace and cast by means of a horizontal-type continuous casting machine having a l-ton electric heating holding furnace into a round bar Others having a diameter of 32 mm.
- the cast iron bar thus prepared was introduced in a walking beam-type continuousreheating furnace at l,080C. and then cast iron balls having a diameter of 45 mm. were formed from the round bar of 32 mm. in diameter by means of a die- 2 forging machine at l,050C.
- the cast iron balls were immediately subjected to oil-cooling and then annealed for about 3 hours at 250C. in an annealing furnace to provide the high toughness iron balls of this invention.
- a tough iron ball for grinding consisting of white cast iron having a fine, non-network eutectic cementite structure uniformly and concentric-spherically dispersed throughout said ball wherein the non-network eutectic cementite structure is formed by hot plastically deforming the network structure of the eutectic m 2 5.10 0.60 0.59 1.15 0.98 0.006 0.04 0.010 0.006 E1: 5 5.08 0.64 0.88 1.65 0.51 0.004 2.25 0.011 0.008 Ex 4 2.74 0.58 0.59 1.07 0.52 0.005 1.66 0.045 0.050
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP47022235A JPS5021414B2 (ko) | 1972-03-06 | 1972-03-06 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3844844A true US3844844A (en) | 1974-10-29 |
Family
ID=12077114
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00333270A Expired - Lifetime US3844844A (en) | 1972-03-06 | 1973-02-16 | High toughness iron balls and process of making the same |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3844844A (ko) |
JP (1) | JPS5021414B2 (ko) |
AU (1) | AU464833B2 (ko) |
BR (1) | BR7301648D0 (ko) |
CA (1) | CA991888A (ko) |
DE (1) | DE2310316C3 (ko) |
FR (1) | FR2174969B1 (ko) |
GB (1) | GB1419852A (ko) |
IT (1) | IT981050B (ko) |
ZM (1) | ZM3673A1 (ko) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3961994A (en) * | 1973-05-04 | 1976-06-08 | Acieries Thome Cromback | Manufacture of grinding members of ferrous alloys |
US4115076A (en) * | 1977-05-24 | 1978-09-19 | Bethlehem Steel Corporation | Abrasive material suitable for manually blast cleaning ferrous metals prior to painting |
US4221612A (en) * | 1977-10-14 | 1980-09-09 | Acieries Thome Cromback | Grinding members |
US4396440A (en) * | 1978-07-11 | 1983-08-02 | Acieries Thome-Cromback | Crushing bodies forged from steel |
US5192259A (en) * | 1991-07-18 | 1993-03-09 | Budolfson Robert A | Exercise system |
EA018034B1 (ru) * | 2009-07-20 | 2013-05-30 | Открытое Акционерное Общество "Минский Завод Отопительного Оборудования" | Способ получения белого хромистого чугуна для быстроизнашиваемых деталей |
EA026923B1 (ru) * | 2013-09-13 | 2017-05-31 | Государственное Научное Учреждение "Физико-Технический Институт Национальной Академии Наук Беларуси" | Способ изготовления мелющих тел из чугуна |
RU2634535C1 (ru) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-10-31 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ТЕХНОШАР" | Способ получения чугунных мелющих тел |
RU2640368C1 (ru) * | 2017-03-14 | 2017-12-28 | Акционерное общество "Научно-производственное объединение "Центральный научно-исследовательский институт технологии машиностроения" АО "НПО "ЦНИИТМАШ" | Лигатура для рафинирования и модифицирования хромистых чугунов |
RU2818534C1 (ru) * | 2023-07-21 | 2024-05-02 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Южно-Уральский государственный университет (национальный исследовательский университет)" ФГАОУ ВО "ЮУрГУ (НИУ)" | Способ получения чугунных мелющих тел |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2447753A1 (fr) * | 1979-02-05 | 1980-08-29 | Thome Cromback Acieries | Procede de fabrication de corps broyants a symetrie axiale en alliage ferreux et nouveaux corps broyants obtenus par ce procede |
CN105414533A (zh) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-03-23 | 宁国市南方耐磨材料有限公司 | 一种耐热高韧性涂层耐磨球及其制备方法 |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US2087765A (en) * | 1933-02-17 | 1937-07-20 | Stellum Inc | Conversion of iron-carbon alloys into products of sheeted and other shapes |
US2182805A (en) * | 1937-12-15 | 1939-12-12 | Sheffield Steel Corp | Grinding ball |
US2241270A (en) * | 1933-11-08 | 1941-05-06 | Timken Roller Bearing Co | Process for working iron carbon alloys |
US2462122A (en) * | 1944-05-02 | 1949-02-22 | Stearns Roger Mfg Company | Method of casting, forging, and heat-treating cast iron grinding balls |
GB630138A (en) * | 1945-10-01 | 1949-10-06 | Globe Steel Abrasive Company | Improvements relating to cast iron shot |
US2611690A (en) * | 1946-02-16 | 1952-09-23 | Ind Metal Abrasive Company | Ball-peening and cleaning shot |
GB837514A (en) * | 1958-05-20 | 1960-06-15 | Bradley S Darlaston Ltd | Improvements relating to metallic abrasives |
US3061209A (en) * | 1962-10-30 | Abrasive grinding balls | ||
US3423250A (en) * | 1964-09-17 | 1969-01-21 | Nisso Seiko Kk | Method of manufacturing a cast iron roll |
-
1972
- 1972-03-06 JP JP47022235A patent/JPS5021414B2/ja not_active Expired
-
1973
- 1973-02-16 US US00333270A patent/US3844844A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1973-02-21 CA CA164,309A patent/CA991888A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-02-26 AU AU52610/73A patent/AU464833B2/en not_active Expired
- 1973-03-01 GB GB998973A patent/GB1419852A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-03-01 DE DE2310316A patent/DE2310316C3/de not_active Expired
- 1973-03-02 IT IT7321103A patent/IT981050B/it active
- 1973-03-02 BR BR731648A patent/BR7301648D0/pt unknown
- 1973-03-05 ZM ZM36/73*UA patent/ZM3673A1/xx unknown
- 1973-03-05 FR FR7307662A patent/FR2174969B1/fr not_active Expired
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3061209A (en) * | 1962-10-30 | Abrasive grinding balls | ||
US2087765A (en) * | 1933-02-17 | 1937-07-20 | Stellum Inc | Conversion of iron-carbon alloys into products of sheeted and other shapes |
US2241270A (en) * | 1933-11-08 | 1941-05-06 | Timken Roller Bearing Co | Process for working iron carbon alloys |
US2182805A (en) * | 1937-12-15 | 1939-12-12 | Sheffield Steel Corp | Grinding ball |
US2462122A (en) * | 1944-05-02 | 1949-02-22 | Stearns Roger Mfg Company | Method of casting, forging, and heat-treating cast iron grinding balls |
GB630138A (en) * | 1945-10-01 | 1949-10-06 | Globe Steel Abrasive Company | Improvements relating to cast iron shot |
US2611690A (en) * | 1946-02-16 | 1952-09-23 | Ind Metal Abrasive Company | Ball-peening and cleaning shot |
GB837514A (en) * | 1958-05-20 | 1960-06-15 | Bradley S Darlaston Ltd | Improvements relating to metallic abrasives |
US3423250A (en) * | 1964-09-17 | 1969-01-21 | Nisso Seiko Kk | Method of manufacturing a cast iron roll |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
Foundry, July 1954, pp. 86 89 & 244 * |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3961994A (en) * | 1973-05-04 | 1976-06-08 | Acieries Thome Cromback | Manufacture of grinding members of ferrous alloys |
US4115076A (en) * | 1977-05-24 | 1978-09-19 | Bethlehem Steel Corporation | Abrasive material suitable for manually blast cleaning ferrous metals prior to painting |
US4221612A (en) * | 1977-10-14 | 1980-09-09 | Acieries Thome Cromback | Grinding members |
US4396440A (en) * | 1978-07-11 | 1983-08-02 | Acieries Thome-Cromback | Crushing bodies forged from steel |
US5192259A (en) * | 1991-07-18 | 1993-03-09 | Budolfson Robert A | Exercise system |
EA018034B1 (ru) * | 2009-07-20 | 2013-05-30 | Открытое Акционерное Общество "Минский Завод Отопительного Оборудования" | Способ получения белого хромистого чугуна для быстроизнашиваемых деталей |
EA026923B1 (ru) * | 2013-09-13 | 2017-05-31 | Государственное Научное Учреждение "Физико-Технический Институт Национальной Академии Наук Беларуси" | Способ изготовления мелющих тел из чугуна |
RU2634535C1 (ru) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-10-31 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ТЕХНОШАР" | Способ получения чугунных мелющих тел |
RU2640368C1 (ru) * | 2017-03-14 | 2017-12-28 | Акционерное общество "Научно-производственное объединение "Центральный научно-исследовательский институт технологии машиностроения" АО "НПО "ЦНИИТМАШ" | Лигатура для рафинирования и модифицирования хромистых чугунов |
RU2818534C1 (ru) * | 2023-07-21 | 2024-05-02 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Южно-Уральский государственный университет (национальный исследовательский университет)" ФГАОУ ВО "ЮУрГУ (НИУ)" | Способ получения чугунных мелющих тел |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IT981050B (it) | 1974-10-10 |
FR2174969B1 (ko) | 1977-02-18 |
JPS5021414B2 (ko) | 1975-07-23 |
DE2310316A1 (de) | 1973-09-20 |
BR7301648D0 (pt) | 1974-05-30 |
FR2174969A1 (ko) | 1973-10-19 |
AU5261073A (en) | 1974-08-29 |
DE2310316C3 (de) | 1975-11-06 |
GB1419852A (en) | 1975-12-31 |
AU464833B2 (en) | 1975-09-11 |
DE2310316B2 (de) | 1975-03-13 |
ZM3673A1 (en) | 1974-02-21 |
CA991888A (en) | 1976-06-29 |
JPS4890914A (ko) | 1973-11-27 |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: PACIFIC STEEL MFG. CO., LTD. NO. 6-1, 1-CHOME, OTE Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:TAIHEIYO KINZOKU KABUSHIKI KAISHA;REEL/FRAME:004400/0621 Effective date: 19850415 |