US3841441A - Apparatus for raising and lowering heavy loads - Google Patents

Apparatus for raising and lowering heavy loads Download PDF

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Publication number
US3841441A
US3841441A US00337871A US33787173A US3841441A US 3841441 A US3841441 A US 3841441A US 00337871 A US00337871 A US 00337871A US 33787173 A US33787173 A US 33787173A US 3841441 A US3841441 A US 3841441A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
fluid
pair
lowering
guide wall
raising
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00337871A
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English (en)
Inventor
K Klinkhammer
S Bley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gebr Dickertmann Hebezeugfabrik AG
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Gebr Dickertmann Hebezeugfabrik AG
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/04—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction
    • E02B17/08—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction for raising or lowering
    • E02B17/0836—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction for raising or lowering with climbing jacks
    • E02B17/0872—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction for raising or lowering with climbing jacks with locking pins engaging holes or cam surfaces
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/04—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction
    • E02B17/08—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction for raising or lowering
    • E02B17/0836—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction for raising or lowering with climbing jacks

Definitions

  • Apparatus for raising and lowering heavy loads comprising a plurality of cross members arranged in adjacent spaced relationship and provided at both [30]
  • Foreign Application Priority Data Mar. 6, 1972 Austria 1863/72 finds respectively with a displacing device raisable and lowerable in a vertical guide member and formed by -hn gtte- .l a w wmmcmwm l a flmm d m a em mmw fie v wm mfl m mhm m m m m m a w m awod d e .1 P10 Or.
  • the lifting height is limited and the freedom of lateral movement of the loads restricted at the highest point of the lift.
  • this apparatus is intended to make any desired lifting heights possible and to allow freedom of movement of the raised load in any direction for further transport.
  • an apparatus for raising and lowering heavy loads such as ships, locomotives, heavy staging or the like loads
  • each displacing device raisable and lowerable in a vertical guide member and formed by two parts relatively displaceable in the lifting and lowering direction by means of a pressure medium, each device having at least one locking member engaging in recesses of the associated guide member and displaceable by the pressure medium transversely to the lifting direction, and at the same time the two locking members of each displacing device arranged in vertical spaced relationship engage alternately as an abutment in a recess for raising and lowering with displacement of one part relative to the other and, for holding the load, both locking members engage in respective recesses.
  • the two displaceable parts of the displacing device forming a telescopic unit, with two locking members respectively, opposed to each other, displaceable by the pressure medium in opposite directions. extending transversely to the lifting and lowering direction and engaging in respective recesses in the guide member.
  • One displaceable part may be formed by a cylindrical housing and the other displaceable part by a piston having a piston rod and the locking members may each be designed as a pin with a piston provided at its end remote from the locking end.
  • the pistonlike displaceable part is provided with a cylindrical chamber formed by a part of the housing in placeable part shaped like a cylindrical housing and having a cylindrical chamber for the piston of the other displaceable part, is provided near its end opposed to the end having a passage for the piston rod of the other displaceable part with a second cylindrical chamber in which both locking members, displaceable in opposite directions by their pistons are mounted.
  • the two displaceable parts and the locking members are preferably displaceable dependently on each other and in succession by a common pressure medium, such as oil, air or the like, whilst, for lifting and lowering, a pair of locking members is always displaceable in an unlocking position after which one part is displaced whilst the other pair of locking members remain, as an abutment, in engagement with the guide member.”
  • a common pressure medium such as oil, air or the like
  • the guide members may be formed by a U-rail having in both sides of the U-shaped member opposing recesses arranged in vertical spaced relationship, the
  • a plurality of guide members such as rollers, slide rails or the like, may be provided, at least on one, preferably on both ends of the displacing device, on the top of one displaceable part and on the underside of the other displaceable part, which guide members dispose themselves in the corner regions of the cross-bar of the guide rail and in corner areas of the guide rail formed by contact rails secured to the free ends of the sides of the U.
  • Each cross member can be connected to the displacing device at both its ends by respective bearing bolts engaging in a bearing member of the upper displaceable part the bearing bolt of one end of the cross member being displaceably held in a bore in the bearing member and the bearing bolt of the other end of the cross member being displaceably held in a slotof a bearing member for the possibility of longitudinal expansion of the cross member.
  • the lifting apparatus of the present invention is simple and economical to design and has a long life, as well as providing a reliable lifting and lowering function.
  • a particular advantage is the compact and externally sealed construction of the displacing devices which are provided at both ends of each cross member and are displaceable upwardly and downwardly in stages or variable in vertical guide rails the displacing devices preferably operate with a pressure medium, which requires only a few pressure medium ducts for each displacing device. The entire displacing mechanism is protected against soiling or corrosion and requires very little maintenance. In these displacing devices the load is carried by mechanical parts when the cross members are in a resting condition and there is no undesirable supporting of the load by the pressure medium.
  • the individual displacing devices are preferably positively controlled, i.e., their mechanical locking members are actuated by the pressure medium and determine by their position engagement with the vertical guides or released from their vertical guides the possibility of lifting'and lowering; in the raising and lowering process some locking members are always in mechanical engagement with the guides and thus form a reliable abutment.
  • the lifting heights may be formed as high as desired by the advantageously designed and operating displacing devices without any changes being made to said displacing devices, only the vertical guides co-operating therewith have to be adjusted in their length to the particular lifting heights.
  • the lifting speed of the driving devices is infinitely adjustable by the pressure medium and the synchronous control of all the displacing devices can be effected by simple monitoring of the working strokes.
  • loads of any weight can be raised and lowered and the present invention is particularly suitable for the raising of ships in docks.
  • each displacing device due to the compact, closed, construction of each displacing device, said displacing device can be arranged in the water (sea water) without influencing its construction (damage by corrosion) and its function, and there is also no risk of the displaceable parts becoming iced-up icing up would not restrict operation because of its closed construction.
  • the displacing devices of the present invention require no electrical switches which are difficult to provide under water and are susceptible to damage.
  • FIG. I is a schematic view of an apparatus for lifting and lowering heavy loads, for example, a ship comprising a plurality of cross members raisable on vertical guides, and acting as a lifting platform;
  • FIG. 2 is a front elevational view of two guide members provided in adjacent spaced relationship and a cross member vertically displaceable in the guide members by means of a displacing device provided at both ends;
  • FIG. 3 is a side view of a guide member mounted on a securing rail and having a displacing device located therein;
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view through a guide member formed by a U-shaped rail and having a displacing device guided therein, taken on the line I-I of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a longitudinal section through a displacing device located in a guide member
  • FIGS. 6 to 11 show schematic views of a guide member with a displacing device located therein in the course of movement during a lifting stroke.
  • a plurality of cross members 10, e.g., girders arranged in adjacent spaced relationship and forming a lifting platform are associated with an apparatus according to the present invention for raising and lowering heavy loads, more particularly water craft (ships 11), track vehicles (locomotives), heavy staging members or the like loads.
  • Each cross member 10 is provided at both ends with a displacing device 12, by which each cross member 10 is raisably and lowerably held in vertical guide members 13 in stages or is variably adjustable for lifting and lowering.
  • the individual cross members 10 are preferably disposed in adjacent parallel spaced relationship and, in accordance with these cross members 10, a guide member 13 is provided for each end of these cross members.
  • the guide members 13 may be secured to a mounting surface 28, such as a dock wall, pile planking or the like of a dock 27 or other mounting surfaces 28 for the lifting apparatus and each surface 28 extends longitudinally in a vertical plane. All the displacing devices 12 are identically constructed and have the same mode of operation.
  • the displacing device 12 comprises two parts 14 and 15 displaceable relative to each other by means of a pressure medium in a raising and lowering direction, as lifting and lowering members, to each of which at least one locking member 17, displaceable transversely to the lifting and lowering direction by the pressure medium and engaging in recesses 16 of the associated guide member 13, is provided; the two locking members 17 of the displacing device 12 arranged in vertical spaced relationship may be locked alternately in a recess 16 as an abutment for lifting and lowering with displacement of one part 14 or 15 relative to the other part 15 or 14 and, for holding the load (with the displacing device 12 stationary), both locking members 17 are inserted in respective recesses 16, so that the displacing device 12 is always partially or entirely mechanically secured in position, during the lifting and lowering movement, as well as in the holding position.
  • the two displaceable parts 14 and 15, forming a telescopic unit are preferably provided with two opposed locking members 17 displaceable by the pressure medium in opposing directions, extending transversely to the lifting direction and each engaging in a recess 16 in the guide member 13.
  • One displaceable part 14 is formed by a cylindrical housing and the other displaceable part 15 by a piston 15a having a piston rod 15b.
  • the locking members 17 are preferably formed by a pin provided with a piston 17a fitted on the end remote from the locking end (the end adjacent to the guide member 13, and having a circular, angular or oval cross-section.)
  • the piston-like displaceable part 15 has a cylindrical chamber 18 which is formed by a housing member 15c and in which the two locking members 17, opposed to each other at the same level, are displaceably mounted'with their pistons 17a.
  • the displaceable body 14 constructed as a cylindrical housing, comprises a cylindrical chamber 19 for the piston 15a of the displaceable part and one end, remote from the end in which a passage is provided for the piston rod 15b of the displaceable part, has a second cylindrical chamber 20 in which the two locking members 17, opposed to each other and also provided at the.
  • pistons device 12 are preferably arranged so as to be displaceable at right angles to the lifting and lowering directions.
  • two locking members 17 being displaceable by the pressure medium in opposite directions as a pair located at a common level.
  • the movement of the two displaceable parts 14 and relatively to each other and the displacement of the locking members 17 effected outwardly or inwardly is achieved by a common pressure medium, such as oil, air, or the like, the movement of the displaceable parts 14, 15 and 17 being effected dependently of each other and in succession.
  • a common pressure medium such as oil, air, or the like
  • the cylindrical housing represents the upper displaceable part 14 and the piston-shaped displaceable part 15 is arranged at the bottom, the cylindrical housing 14 being provided at its upper end, and the piston rod 1512 at its lower end, with the cylindrical chambers and 18 for the locking members 17.
  • the cylindrical housing 14 has an oblong shape with an angular cross-section such as a square or rectangular cross-section and the housing member 15c of the displaceable part 15 is adapted in cross-section to that of the displaceable part 14.
  • the guide members 13 are formed for example by U shaped rails having recesses 16 formed in their two sides 13a extending at least approximately parallel to each other, the spacing of the adjacent, superimposed recesses 16 corresponding to the spacing of the superimposed locking members 17 when the parts 14 and 15 are pushed together.
  • the recesses are formed oppositely to each other at the same level and the space between two superimposed recesses 16 corresponds to a lifting or lowering movement in one working stroke of the displacing device 12.
  • said recesses are lined with slide bushes 16a and the locking pins 17 are chamfered and/or rounded at their free ends; the locking pins 17 engage and fit in the recesses 16 (16a).
  • the width of the displaceable part 14 and the housing member l5c approximately corresponds to the spacing of the sides of the U-shaped guide rails, so that this forms a certain guide means for the raising and lowering movement of the displaceable parts 14 and 15.
  • guide members 21, such as rollers, slide bars or the like to one end, preferably to both'ends, of the displacing devices 12 to the top of the cylindrical housing 14 and to the underside of the housing member 150 which members are preferably arranged with their plane of movement or sliding planes on the diagonal lines of the angular cross-sectional form of the displacing device 12
  • two guide members 13 locate themselves in the corners of the U-shaped rail and the other two guide members 21 in respective corners formed by contact strips (13b) secured to the free ends of the sides 13a of the U-shaped members (FIG. 4) and guide the displacing device 12 without tilting during the raising and lowering movement.
  • the cross member 10 is held at both ends by a bearing bolt 22 in bearing members 23, such as fork members, of the upper side of the displacing device 12; the bearing members 23 are secured to the cylindrical housing 14 and support the cross member 10 by their bearing bolts 22. It is preferable to arrange the bearing bolts 22 at one end of the cross member in a bore of the bearing member 23 and, at the other end in a slot 23a of the bearing member 23, thus making longitudinal expansion of the traverse possible during fluctuations of 5 temperature.
  • Each guide member 13 is suspended at its upper end from a mounting rail 25 by a bearing bolt 24.
  • Supply and discharge ducts 26 of each displacing device 12 extend into the cylindrical housing 14 or the displaceable part 15 at the top, at the bottom or at an upper level.
  • the raising and lowering ofthe displacing devices 12 is effected as follows, only the operation being described here with reference to one displacingdevice, since all the displacing devices operate in the same manner.
  • FIG. 5 shows the locked position of the displacing device 12 in the loaded or unloaded condition all the locking members 17 engage in the recesses 16 of the two sides 13a of the guide rail and the displacing device 12 is mechanically secured in position.
  • locking members 17 of the displaceable body 14 are first moved by the pressure medium out of the recesses 16 and into the part 20 so that the displaceable part 14 is released for moving upwardly (FIG. 6).
  • Thepressure medium is then able to flow into the cylindrical chamber 19 and acts on the piston 15a, the displaceable part 14 being gradually displaced'upwardly bythe inflowing pressure medium until the cylindrical chamber 19 has been displaced throughout its entire length by means of the piston 15a.
  • the locking members 17 of the'lower displaceable part 15 located in the recesses '16 form an abutment (FIG. 7).
  • the pressure medium then acts on the piston rod end surface of the piston 15a and displaces said piston 15a in the cylindrical chamber 19 upwardly to the end of said cylindrical chamber 19 the entire displaceable part 15 moves upwardly (FIG. 10).
  • the pressure medium presses the lower locking members 17 outwardly again into the recesses 16 and the displacing device 12 is secured mechanically in position again by'all the locking members 17 (FIG. 11).
  • a working stroke is now terminated and the displacing device-l2 raised by one stroke; these working strokes are repeated several times until the desired height isreached.
  • the lowering of the displacing device 12 is effected accordingly in the reverse sequence, whilst likewise during the displacement of one part 14 or 15, the other part 15 or. 14
  • each cross member 10 In the arrangement of a displacing device 12 in each end region of the cross member 10, a step-by-step raising and lowering of the cross member is possible; if each cross member 10 is provided at both ends with two displacing devices 12, they can be raised and lowered variably, the displacing devices 12 overlapping each other in the course of movement during one lifting stroke.
  • the displacement of all the displaceable parts 14, and 17 of the displacing device 12 is preferably effected by a specially controlled pressure medium controlled for the movement of a following part dependently on the movement of the preceding part; however, separate connecting ducts and a specific control of the pressure medium may be provided for each displaceable part, all of these means being subject however to a central control in their mode of operation.
  • the apparatus for raising and lowering heavy loads includes the elongated upright guide wall means 13 which is formed with the openings 16 situated at different elevations along this guide wall means 13.
  • the unit 12 forms a fluid-pressure raising-and-lowering means which is guided for up-and-down movement by the guide wall means 13, this fluid-pressure raising-and lowering means 12 having the upper end region where the chamber is formed and the lower end region where the chamber 18 is formed.
  • the fluid-pressure raising-and-lowering means 12 includes the cylinderand-piston means 14, 15 for carrying out contracting and expanding movements which respectively decrease and increase the distance between the opposed upper and lower end regions of the fluid-pressure raising-andlowering means 12.
  • This pair of fluid-pressure holding means and the fluid-pressure raising-and-lowering means coact with each other in such a way that the fluid-pressure holding means alternately displaces the upper and lower piston means 17 into and out of the openings 16 in timed relation with the expanding and contracting movements of the means 12 during movement of the latter along the guide wall means 13.
  • the upper end region of the means 12 is operatively connected with the component 10 which forms a support means for carrying a load, this support means 10 being movable together with the fluid-pressure raising-and-lowering means 12.
  • said guide wall means is in the form of an elongated channel of substantially U-shaped cross section having opposed walls respectively formed with said openings, and said retractable piston means of said fluid-pressure holding means each including a pair of opposed pistons for moving simultaneously into and out of a pair of openings of said opposed walls of said guide wall means.
  • said guide wall means is in the form of an elongated-channel of substantially U-shaped cross section having a pair of opposed walls between which said fluid-pressure raising-and-lowering means is located, and the latter means having a width which is only slightly less than the distance between said opposed walls to be guided by the latter.
  • said cylinder and piston means of said fluid-pressure raisingand-lowering means includes a cylinder housing and a piston movable therein and having a piston rod extending beyond said housing and terminating outside of said housing in an enlarged portion which is formed with one of said chambers which receives one of said pair of retractable piston means of said fluid-pressure holding means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Ship Loading And Unloading (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
US00337871A 1972-03-06 1973-03-05 Apparatus for raising and lowering heavy loads Expired - Lifetime US3841441A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT186372A AT320214B (de) 1972-03-06 1972-03-06 Vorrichtung zum Heben und Senken von schweren Lasten

Publications (1)

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US3841441A true US3841441A (en) 1974-10-15

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US00337871A Expired - Lifetime US3841441A (en) 1972-03-06 1973-03-05 Apparatus for raising and lowering heavy loads

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Country Link
US (1) US3841441A (fi)
JP (1) JPS48100852A (fi)
AT (1) AT320214B (fi)
DE (1) DE2310235A1 (fi)
FR (1) FR2174971A1 (fi)
GB (1) GB1384006A (fi)
IT (1) IT979723B (fi)
NL (1) NL7302953A (fi)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4250949A (en) * 1979-03-12 1981-02-17 Brovman Mikhail Y Semicontinuous casting apparatus
US4432664A (en) * 1981-03-03 1984-02-21 Duraline Products Corporation Boat hoist
US4678366A (en) * 1985-07-31 1987-07-07 Williamson James W Boat lift
US4708081A (en) * 1986-05-30 1987-11-24 Arsham Amirikian Stabilizer for floating and submersible structures
US4773346A (en) * 1987-04-08 1988-09-27 Blanding Douglass L Hydraulic boat lift
WO1989000127A1 (en) * 1986-05-30 1989-01-12 Arsham Amirikian Stabilizer for floating and submersible structures
US4808028A (en) * 1988-01-25 1989-02-28 White Charles J Boat lift
US5692857A (en) * 1995-09-21 1997-12-02 Ness; Stewart D. Lifting floors
US6769365B1 (en) 2003-02-12 2004-08-03 Loram Maintenance Of Way, Inc. System and method for on site maintenance of railcar wheels
WO2012004442A3 (es) * 2010-07-07 2012-03-08 Cantoni Gruas Y Montajes S.R.L. Dispositivo rebatible de izaje de uso en construcción de contenedores metálicos de grandes dimensiones, y accesorio removible aplicable al mismo
US20170154648A1 (en) * 2015-11-26 2017-06-01 Hitachi-Lg Data Storage, Inc. Optical disk library device and scissor-type conveying device
US10035263B2 (en) * 2015-11-03 2018-07-31 Kurion, Inc. System and method for inspection and maintenance of hazardous spaces
CN112141926A (zh) * 2020-09-30 2020-12-29 张俊杰 一种汽车防泡水举升装置

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT338308B (de) * 1973-11-14 1977-08-25 Voest Ag Transporthubwagen fur schwere lasten
JPS5313533A (en) * 1976-07-21 1978-02-07 Otaki Jiyatsuki Kk Method of disassembling steel tower or the like
JPS5313534A (en) * 1976-07-21 1978-02-07 Otaki Jiyatsuki Kk Method of disassembling steel tower or the like
JPS5316284U (fi) * 1976-07-22 1978-02-10
CN114250721B (zh) * 2021-12-30 2023-10-20 中铁二十二局集团第三工程有限公司 一种工程断柱顶升施工方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR64223E (fi) * 1955-11-02
US3007316A (en) * 1955-03-03 1961-11-07 Higgins Inc Separable submergible portable platform
FR1403920A (fr) * 1964-05-15 1965-06-25 Richier Sa Perfectionnement au dispositif de hissage des grues
US3464169A (en) * 1967-06-26 1969-09-02 Etablis F Potain Lifting device for a telescopic mast

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR64223E (fi) * 1955-11-02
US3007316A (en) * 1955-03-03 1961-11-07 Higgins Inc Separable submergible portable platform
FR1403920A (fr) * 1964-05-15 1965-06-25 Richier Sa Perfectionnement au dispositif de hissage des grues
US3464169A (en) * 1967-06-26 1969-09-02 Etablis F Potain Lifting device for a telescopic mast

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4250949A (en) * 1979-03-12 1981-02-17 Brovman Mikhail Y Semicontinuous casting apparatus
US4432664A (en) * 1981-03-03 1984-02-21 Duraline Products Corporation Boat hoist
US4678366A (en) * 1985-07-31 1987-07-07 Williamson James W Boat lift
US4708081A (en) * 1986-05-30 1987-11-24 Arsham Amirikian Stabilizer for floating and submersible structures
WO1989000127A1 (en) * 1986-05-30 1989-01-12 Arsham Amirikian Stabilizer for floating and submersible structures
US4773346A (en) * 1987-04-08 1988-09-27 Blanding Douglass L Hydraulic boat lift
US4808028A (en) * 1988-01-25 1989-02-28 White Charles J Boat lift
US5692857A (en) * 1995-09-21 1997-12-02 Ness; Stewart D. Lifting floors
US6769365B1 (en) 2003-02-12 2004-08-03 Loram Maintenance Of Way, Inc. System and method for on site maintenance of railcar wheels
WO2012004442A3 (es) * 2010-07-07 2012-03-08 Cantoni Gruas Y Montajes S.R.L. Dispositivo rebatible de izaje de uso en construcción de contenedores metálicos de grandes dimensiones, y accesorio removible aplicable al mismo
US9630818B2 (en) 2010-07-07 2017-04-25 Marcelo Ricardo CANTONI Collapsible hoisting device for use in the construction of large metal containers, and removable accessory applicable thereto
US10035263B2 (en) * 2015-11-03 2018-07-31 Kurion, Inc. System and method for inspection and maintenance of hazardous spaces
US10576627B1 (en) * 2015-11-03 2020-03-03 Kurion, Inc. System and method for inspection and maintenance of hazardous spaces with track and roller
US20170154648A1 (en) * 2015-11-26 2017-06-01 Hitachi-Lg Data Storage, Inc. Optical disk library device and scissor-type conveying device
CN112141926A (zh) * 2020-09-30 2020-12-29 张俊杰 一种汽车防泡水举升装置
CN112141926B (zh) * 2020-09-30 2021-12-28 深圳市百思泰科技有限公司 一种汽车防泡水举升装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT320214B (de) 1975-01-27
JPS48100852A (fi) 1973-12-19
DE2310235A1 (de) 1973-09-13
IT979723B (it) 1974-09-30
GB1384006A (en) 1974-02-12
NL7302953A (fi) 1973-09-10
FR2174971A1 (fi) 1973-10-19

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