US3838365A - Acoustic devices using amorphous metal alloys - Google Patents

Acoustic devices using amorphous metal alloys Download PDF

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Publication number
US3838365A
US3838365A US00329935A US32993573A US3838365A US 3838365 A US3838365 A US 3838365A US 00329935 A US00329935 A US 00329935A US 32993573 A US32993573 A US 32993573A US 3838365 A US3838365 A US 3838365A
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acoustic
delay
amorphous
delay device
acoustic delay
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US00329935A
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M Dutoit
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Allied Corp
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Allied Chemical Corp
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Priority to US00329935A priority Critical patent/US3838365A/en
Priority to NL7401006A priority patent/NL7401006A/xx
Priority to DE19742405036 priority patent/DE2405036A1/de
Priority to GB529274A priority patent/GB1452541A/en
Priority to JP1418574A priority patent/JPS5524727B2/ja
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C45/00—Amorphous alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/153—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
    • H03H9/30—Time-delay networks
    • H03H9/36—Time-delay networks with non-adjustable delay time

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of amorphous metals in acoustic devices, particularly guided wave devices such as wire and strip delay lines.
  • Acoustic devices have a finite useful bandwidth determined by the transducers, the device dimensions and the loss in the delay medium.
  • the devices currently used for long delays at high frequencies include wire and strip delay lines.
  • the invention has an object to produce such materials for use in acoustic devices.
  • glassy metal alloys including their low ultrasonic attenuation. low sound velocity, reproducible acoustic and mechanical quality, the ability to be fabricated into long wires, strips and bulk quantities and their potential low cost, combine to make these materials uniquely suited for use in acoustic devices.
  • the low attenuation may be due in part to the fact that, in contrast to the glasses discussed previously,.these glassy metals exhibit rapid relaxation of thermal phonons and minimal interaction between acoustic and thermal phonons.
  • the nature of the amorphous structure there is no scattering at grain boundaries.
  • the attenuation and velocity of sound have been measured for a variety of amorphous alloys.
  • amorphous metal rods 10 mm long with diameters 1-2.5 mm were fabricated and thoroughly polished.
  • piezoelectric transducers were bonded to these glassy metal rods and measurements between 50 and 500 MHz were performed.
  • the results for the amorphous alloy Pd Ag Si are summarized in Table I together with results for the materials presently used for delay lines in each particular mode. Velocities are significantly lower than for conventional materials. It is also noted that the attenuation increases approximately as the square of frequency for the amorphous materials versus 1 for currently used polycrystalline materials. HEnce, at higher frequencies the advantages of the amorphous metals are even more apparent.
  • compositions employed in the scope of this invention include any metals which can be produced in amorphous form, particularly those compounds represented by the general formula wherein T is a transition metal or mixture of said transition metals and X is an element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, antioony, beryllium, boron,
  • Amorphous longitudinal bulk delay 4.42 0.005 45 11.s ra.s Be lines Fused quartz longitudinal bulk delay 6.20 0.006 40 lines Amorphous shear strip delay 1.70 0.010 33 11.s 1e.s g i lines Polycrystalline shear "'srasaia 3.10 0.200 7 Aluminum lines Amorphous torsional wire delay 1.70 0.0l0 33 11.s to.s ge lines Polycrystalline torsional wire delay 3.00 2.000 2 Iron Nickel lines alloy Note: In comparing these materials it should be remembered that in polycrystalline materials the attenuation varies as f, in the amorphous metals as I.
  • amorphous alloys in addition to having excellent acoustic properties have very desirable mechanical properties. For example, high tensile strengths and a high elastic limit as well as good corrosion resistance and unique magnetic properties are present in various selected compositions. Some are so ductile they can be bent over a radius of curvature less than their thickness and can be cut with a scissor. Also, with these ductile samples, tensile strengths of up to 350,000 psi have been obtained.
  • variousmetal alloys of the formula T x considered above have desirable properties of high strength and hardness, ductility and corrosion resistance even when they are partially crystalline 50 percent amorphous). Such materials are also considered here. It will be understood that for delay lines employing these partially crystalline metals, i.e., which is at least 50 percent amorphous metal alloy, the acoustic benefits which the amorphous structure imparts to the line will increase as the crystalline content decreases.
  • the amorphous metal wires may be prepared using any suitable technique which cools the molten jet sufficiently fast to avoid crystallization or jet breakup.
  • the simplest such method is to squirt the molten metal stream into a suitably chosen liquid such as water or iced brine.
  • An advantageous technique is that described in the co-pending application of S. Kavesh, Ser. No. 306,472, filed 11/14/72 in which the molten jet is quenched in a concurrently flowing stream of liquid.
  • Any other processes which provide appropriate quenching conditions may be utilized, such as the processes described by R. D. Schile in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,461,943 and 3,543,83l, in which the cooling of the molten jet through corona discharge, gas jets, and/or the deposition on the stream of a colder substance are used.
  • Bulk samples can be prepared by drawing a fused silica tube to provide appropriate interior dimensions (typically with a mils diameter) and with thin walls to allow rapid heat transfer. Then the alloy is melted in the tube and rapidly immersed in a eutectic aqueous sodium chloride solution at -20C to quench the alloy in the glassy state.
  • any amorphous alloy it should be noted that the specific characteristics of the material used in these acoustic devices vary accordingly to the use of the delay line. It is thus advantageous that these glassy metal alloys can be obtained for a wide range of constituents and compositions. The specific characteristics can be tailored to fit a given application. Essential properties for the objects of this invention are low acoustic loss, low temperature coefficient of sound velocity and good mechanical properties. In addition, magnetic properties are important in magnetostrictive delay lines.
  • FIGURE shows an exemplary acoustic device with which the amorphous metallic alloy of the present invention may be used.
  • this invention is directed to the use of amorphous metal alloys in acoustic devices which depend for their efficiency upon low sound velocity and low acoustic attenuation.
  • amorphous metal alloys include wire and strip delay lines with center frequencies below 100 MHz and bulk delay lines operating in the VHF range.
  • Wire delay lines would be fabricated from wires ranging in diameter from about 1 to 20 mils, preferably from 4-8 mils.
  • the choice of alloys would depend upon the requirements of the particular line. For general use, alloys of Pd NhSi Ni., I*"e P .,B Si A1 or Fe Ni cr P B Al would be satisfactory. They could be produced in any of the manners previously described for forming filaments.
  • These wire delay lines would generally operate in a torsional mode, exhibit low attenuation and would be capable of producing delays of up to 10 msec at 10 MHZ with shorter delays at higher frequencies.
  • bulk delay lines may be produced from bars of the amorphous metals with highly polished ends from about 50-150 mils in diameter and from about Agin. in length. These bars provide low attenuation and up to 100 psec delays at frequencies of 100 MHz.
  • the body of these bulk lines may be composed of a variety of amorphous metal alloys produced in a size specification required. Included in this group of metal alloys are Pd Cu Si and Pd Ni Si for example.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A glassy Pd Ag Si wire was fabricated using the technique described in co-pending application Ser. No. 306,472 noted above. The alloy was melted in an argon atmosphere at 870C and extruded through a 12 mil orifice. The molten jet was quenched in a refrigerated brine solution at 20C. Brine velocity in the standpipe was 195 cm/sec. A continuous, smooth amorphous wire of round cross-section with a diameter of about mils was obtained. The amorphous nature of the wire product was confirmed by x-ray diffraction. The wire has an elastic limit of about 160,000 psi and a tensile strength of about 230,000 psi which is about 1/50 of the Youngs modulus for this glass, a value which approaches the theoretical strength of this material.
  • the amorphous wire product was cut to a length of 50 ft. Torsional mode piezoelectric transducers were fastened to both ends. The wire was coiled into a spiral 5 in. in diameter and fastened onto a board taking care that the supports did not dampen the signal. The whole assembly was enclosed in a case and flushed with dry nitrogen and sealed to avoid environmental changes.
  • the delay line provided approximately 10 msec delay at 10 MHz with a total loss of about dB. In comparison the NiFe alloys presently used in delay lines give delays of 10 msec at frequencies of only 2 MHz.
  • EXAMPLE 2 Using the procedure of Example 1, an amorphous wire of Fe P C Al was prepared. A magnetostrictive delay line was made from this wire. A transducer coil was wound around a section of the wire near one end and the biasing field was applied by a permanent magnet. The transducer can be made movable along the wire to adjust the delay. Another transducer was placed near the other end of the wire to pick up the delayed signal. The wire was firmly mounted on a board, the assembly enclosed in a case, flushed with dry nitrogen and sealed. This delay line gave results comparable to those of the amorphous metal line element of Example EXAMPLE 3 Using the procedure of Example 1, amorphous wires of the following alloys were prepared.
  • EXAMPLE 4 The alloy Fe Ni P B Al was placed in a fused silica tube with a 0.012 in. diameter hole in the bottom and melted at 1100C. The molten alloy was directed into the nip of the rotating double rolls, held at room temperature, described by Chen and Miller in Rev. Sci. Instrum. 41, 1237 (1970). The rolls were rotating at 1500 rpm. The quenched metal was entirely amorphous as determined by x-ray diffraction measurements, was ductile to bending and exhibited tensile strengths to 350,000 psi. A strip delay line was formed from a 15 ft length of this amorphous strip which was coiled on a 24 in.
  • su zo Acoustic measurements of the shear mode were made and all these amorphous strips were found to have velocities of less than 2.5 X 10 cm/sec, attenuation less than 0.05 dB/msec at l MHz, and could operate at greater than 25 MHZ maximum frequency with l msec delay and dB attenuation.
  • These compounds therefore are superior to the present polycrystalline aluminum strips currently used in delay lines and which have a velocity of 3.1 X 10 cm/sec, attenuation of 0.2 dB/msec, and maximum frequency of 7 MHz for l msec delay and 10 dB attenuation.
  • EXAMPLE 6 A bulk rod of amorphous ld ,-,Ag Si, /z in. long and /8 in. in diameter was prepared by melting the crystalline alloy of the same composition to above 870C in a fused silica tube of approximately 100 mils diameter. The tube containing the molten alloy was then rapidly immersed in a eutectic aqueous sodium chloride solution at C to quench. After removal of the silica tube, the bulk rod was verified by x-ray analysis to be completely amorphous. The rod was then used in the body of a bulk delay line. Using this device, it was possible to obtain delays of up to 100 usec at 100 MHz.
  • An acoustic delay device comprising in combination, a solid transmitting medium, a transducer for introducing elastic sound waves into said medium and a second transducer for reconverting said waves from said medium into electromagnetic form; said transmitting medium comprising a metal body which is at least 50 percent amorphous metal alloy.
  • the acoustic delay device of claim 1 in which the body is an amorphous metal alloy of the general formula wherein T is a transition metal or mixture of said transition metals and X is an element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, antimony, beryllium, boron, germanium, carbon, indium, phosphorus, silicon and tin, and mixtures thereof, and wherein the proportion in atomic percentages as represented by i and j are respectively from about to about 87 and from about 13 to about 30 with the proviso that i plus j equals 100.
  • the acoustic delay device of claim 2 in which at least one element of T is selected from the group consisting of Pd, Fe and Ni.
  • the acoustic delay device of claim 2 in which at least one element of X is selected from the group consisting of Si and P. i i 5.
  • the acoustic delay device of claim 4 in which the amorphous alloy is Pd Ag Si 8.
  • the acoustic delay device of claim 2 in which at least one element of T is a combination of Fe and Ni.
  • the acoustic delay device of claim 8 in which the amorphous alloy is Fe Ni P B Al 10.
  • the acoustic delay device of claim 1 in which the body is in the form of a strip.
  • the acoustic delay device of claim 1 in which the body is in bulk form.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
US00329935A 1973-02-05 1973-02-05 Acoustic devices using amorphous metal alloys Expired - Lifetime US3838365A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00329935A US3838365A (en) 1973-02-05 1973-02-05 Acoustic devices using amorphous metal alloys
NL7401006A NL7401006A (de) 1973-02-05 1974-01-24
DE19742405036 DE2405036A1 (de) 1973-02-05 1974-02-02 Akustische vorrichtungen aus amorphen metallegierungen
GB529274A GB1452541A (en) 1973-02-05 1974-02-05 Acoustic device
JP1418574A JPS5524727B2 (de) 1973-02-05 1974-02-05

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US00329935A US3838365A (en) 1973-02-05 1973-02-05 Acoustic devices using amorphous metal alloys

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GB (1) GB1452541A (de)
NL (1) NL7401006A (de)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4007072A (en) * 1973-11-16 1977-02-08 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Ferromagnetic metal powder comprising lead and method for making the same
DE2712503A1 (de) * 1976-03-26 1977-09-29 Japan Res Dev Corp Uebertragungseinrichtung fuer elektrische signale mit einem ferromagnetischen amorphen band
FR2343394A1 (fr) * 1976-03-02 1977-09-30 Allied Chem Blindage electromagnetique flexible
US4053333A (en) * 1974-09-20 1977-10-11 University Of Pennsylvania Enhancing magnetic properties of amorphous alloys by annealing under stress
US4085396A (en) * 1976-09-27 1978-04-18 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Electric fuse
US4116728A (en) * 1976-09-02 1978-09-26 General Electric Company Treatment of amorphous magnetic alloys to produce a wide range of magnetic properties
JPS54139390A (en) * 1977-09-24 1979-10-29 Noboru Tsuya Variable frequency electromagnetostrictive device
US4187128A (en) * 1978-09-26 1980-02-05 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Magnetic devices including amorphous alloys
FR2456782A1 (fr) * 1979-05-16 1980-12-12 Toyo Soda Mfg Co Ltd Alliages amorphes resistant a la corrosion a base de metaux nobles
EP0026871A1 (de) * 1979-10-05 1981-04-15 Allied Corporation Kern für elektromagnetische Induktionsvorrichtung
EP0055403A1 (de) * 1980-12-31 1982-07-07 Allied Corporation Amorphe Nickel-Aluminium-Bor-Legierungen
EP0072574A2 (de) * 1981-08-18 1983-02-23 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Amorphe Legierung für einen Magnetkern
EP0096551A2 (de) * 1982-06-04 1983-12-21 Tsuyoshi Masumoto Amorphe Legierungen auf Eisenbasis mit hoher Dauerschwingfestigkeit

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL182182C (nl) * 1974-11-29 1988-01-18 Allied Chem Inrichting met amorfe metaallegering.
US4188211A (en) * 1977-02-18 1980-02-12 Tdk Electronics Company, Limited Thermally stable amorphous magnetic alloy
JPS5949299B2 (ja) * 1977-09-12 1984-12-01 ソニー株式会社 非晶質磁性合金
JPS57160513A (en) * 1981-03-31 1982-10-02 Takeshi Masumoto Maunfacture of amorphous metallic fine wire
DE3631830A1 (de) * 1986-09-19 1988-03-31 Demetron Mehrstofflegierung fuer targets von kathodenzerstaeubungsanlagen und deren verwendung
JPS6425932A (en) * 1988-07-06 1989-01-27 Takeshi Masumoto Co-type amorphous-metal filament
US5015993A (en) * 1989-06-29 1991-05-14 Pitney Bowes Inc. Ferromagnetic alloys with high nickel content and high permeability
DE4103145A1 (de) * 1991-02-02 1992-08-13 Schott Glaswerke Ultraschallsonde

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2503831A (en) * 1949-01-07 1950-04-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Fine wire delay line
US2672590A (en) * 1950-03-22 1954-03-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Delay line
US2700738A (en) * 1951-05-05 1955-01-25 Ibm Delay-line end cell
US3403271A (en) * 1966-02-09 1968-09-24 Hewlett Packard Co Ultrasonic transducer with absorptive load

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2503831A (en) * 1949-01-07 1950-04-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Fine wire delay line
US2672590A (en) * 1950-03-22 1954-03-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Delay line
US2700738A (en) * 1951-05-05 1955-01-25 Ibm Delay-line end cell
US3403271A (en) * 1966-02-09 1968-09-24 Hewlett Packard Co Ultrasonic transducer with absorptive load

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4007072A (en) * 1973-11-16 1977-02-08 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Ferromagnetic metal powder comprising lead and method for making the same
US4053333A (en) * 1974-09-20 1977-10-11 University Of Pennsylvania Enhancing magnetic properties of amorphous alloys by annealing under stress
FR2343394A1 (fr) * 1976-03-02 1977-09-30 Allied Chem Blindage electromagnetique flexible
DE2712503A1 (de) * 1976-03-26 1977-09-29 Japan Res Dev Corp Uebertragungseinrichtung fuer elektrische signale mit einem ferromagnetischen amorphen band
US4116728A (en) * 1976-09-02 1978-09-26 General Electric Company Treatment of amorphous magnetic alloys to produce a wide range of magnetic properties
US4085396A (en) * 1976-09-27 1978-04-18 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Electric fuse
JPS54139390A (en) * 1977-09-24 1979-10-29 Noboru Tsuya Variable frequency electromagnetostrictive device
US4187128A (en) * 1978-09-26 1980-02-05 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Magnetic devices including amorphous alloys
FR2456782A1 (fr) * 1979-05-16 1980-12-12 Toyo Soda Mfg Co Ltd Alliages amorphes resistant a la corrosion a base de metaux nobles
EP0026871A1 (de) * 1979-10-05 1981-04-15 Allied Corporation Kern für elektromagnetische Induktionsvorrichtung
EP0055403A1 (de) * 1980-12-31 1982-07-07 Allied Corporation Amorphe Nickel-Aluminium-Bor-Legierungen
US4389262A (en) * 1980-12-31 1983-06-21 Allied Corporation Amorphous alloys of nickel, aluminum and boron
EP0072574A2 (de) * 1981-08-18 1983-02-23 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Amorphe Legierung für einen Magnetkern
EP0072574A3 (en) * 1981-08-18 1983-09-14 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Amorphous alloy for magnetic core material
US4473417A (en) * 1981-08-18 1984-09-25 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Amorphous alloy for magnetic core material
EP0096551A2 (de) * 1982-06-04 1983-12-21 Tsuyoshi Masumoto Amorphe Legierungen auf Eisenbasis mit hoher Dauerschwingfestigkeit
EP0096551B1 (de) * 1982-06-04 1989-12-13 Tsuyoshi Masumoto Amorphe Legierungen auf Eisenbasis mit hoher Dauerschwingfestigkeit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7401006A (de) 1974-08-07
JPS49112551A (de) 1974-10-26
GB1452541A (en) 1976-10-13
JPS5524727B2 (de) 1980-07-01
DE2405036A1 (de) 1974-08-08

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