US3833793A - Electrical cooker unit for a ceramic glass plate type electrical cooker - Google Patents

Electrical cooker unit for a ceramic glass plate type electrical cooker Download PDF

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Publication number
US3833793A
US3833793A US00385558A US38555873A US3833793A US 3833793 A US3833793 A US 3833793A US 00385558 A US00385558 A US 00385558A US 38555873 A US38555873 A US 38555873A US 3833793 A US3833793 A US 3833793A
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United States
Prior art keywords
base layer
electrical
heating element
cooker
wire
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00385558A
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English (en)
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Williams J Mc
J Hughes
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
    • H05B3/74—Non-metallic plates, e.g. vitroceramic, ceramic or glassceramic hobs, also including power or control circuits
    • H05B3/748—Resistive heating elements, i.e. heating elements exposed to the air, e.g. coil wire heater
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
    • H05B3/76—Plates with spirally-wound heating tubes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an electrical cooker unit for use with the type of electrical cooker in which a ceramic glass plate fonns the actual heating surface upon which a cooking utensil is placed and the cooker unit proper which includes the electrical heating element being disposed below the glass plate.
  • the cooker unit itself comprises a metal supporting tray the inside of the base and side walls of which is lined with thermal insulating material and the electrical heating element being supported upon the base of insulating material.
  • One or more of such cooker units may be incorporated in a complete electrical cooker and the ceramic glass plate (or plates) is arranged to engage the upper edges of the side wall thermal insulating material so that the under surface of the ceramic glass plate is spaced away from the electrical heating element.
  • the sheathed type of electrical heating element when used with ceramic glass plate covering has very poor performance and the tendency has been hitherto towards using an exposed wire type of heating element which relies solely upon direct radiation for its heating performance.
  • exposed wire type of heating element when used with ceramic glass plate cookers has not been able to achieve satisfactory heating performance comparable with the more conventional type of electrical cooker using elements which are not covered and it has been found that this is due to the manner in which the wire heating element is supported upon the layer of thermal insulation material in the base of the supporting tray.
  • the exposed wire heating element has comprised a helical coil which has been laid in a groove formed in the layer of insulating material in the base of the tray.
  • the helical coil wire is laid in the form of a flat spiral and the supporting tray has been of cylindrical form.
  • the groove in the layer of insulating material is of part-circular form and in one type used hitherto the helical coiled wire is cemented into the base of the groove so that only part of the surface of the wire is exposed above the level of the insulating material and the part of the wire in the base of the groove is embedded in cement. In this case the cement and surrounding insulation in the groove provide a high thermal mass and a substantial amount of heat from the wire is wasted in heating up this mass.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved form of electrical cooker unit for use with ceramic glass plate type electrical cookers which will avoid the above mentioned disadvantages and provide a ceramic glass type electrical cooker with a heating performance comparable to that of more conventional electrical cookers having exposed heating elements.
  • an electrical cooker unit for a ceramic glass plate-type electrical cooker comprising a base layer of thermal and electrical insulating material including a flat planar supporting surface for the electrical heating element which is in the form of a helically coiled uncovered wire and is secured to the supporting surface by metal wire staples which engage over parts of the wire convolutions where these engage the supporting surface and which pass into, but not entirely through, the base layer, the composition of the material of the base layer being such that the heating element is held in position solely by virtue of the frictional grip of such material upon the staples.
  • a cooker unit made in accordance with the invention has the following important technical advances as compared with cooker units used hitherto and as hereinbefore referred to. 7
  • a preferred form of material for the base layer of thermal insulation is that formed from particulate microporous thermal insulating material (such as microporous silica aerogel) which has been consolidated under pressure into the form of a block or slab, the pressure causing the particles of microporous material to bond together.
  • the helical wire coil forming the heating element is laid out in the form of a flat spiral the staples in adjacent convolutions of the spiral are preferably staggered in relation to one another so as to avoid the possibility of the legs of one staple making contact with the legs of an adjacent staple.
  • the staples are of inverted V or hairpin form and formed of a high temperature resistant metal such as a nickel chrome alloy capable of withstanding temperatures up to 900C or more.
  • a high temperature resistant metal such as a nickel chrome alloy capable of withstanding temperatures up to 900C or more.
  • a preferred thermal and electrical insulating material for the base layer and for lining the side walls of the tray has a microporous structure and is made by the bonding of an intimate mixture of a microporous powder with an opacifier and a reinforcing fibre.
  • the microporous powder is preferably finely divided silica for example microporous silica aerogel which is a gel in which the liquid phase has been replaced by a gaseous phase in such a way as to avoid the shrinkage which would occur if the gel had been dried directly from a liquid.
  • a substantially identical microporous silica structure can be obtained by controlled precipitation from a silica solution, the temperature and'pH being controlled during precipitation to obtain an open structured precipitate. Similar products can be obtained by pyrogenic or electrothermal operations and will be suitable for use if the average ultimate particle size is less than 100 milli-microns.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view from above of a cooker unit
  • FIG. 2 is a section on line 2-2 of FIG. 1 showing a ceramic glass plate in chain-dotted outline.
  • the outer metal tray of the apparatus is of dish-like form having a base and a side wall 11 and the electrical heating element 13 rests upon a thin disc 14 of thermal insulating material which itself is supported upon the base layer 15 of microporous insulation.
  • the disc 14 is supported upon the base layer 15 of microporous insulation.
  • the disc 14 is preferably a bonded ceramic fibre composite and provides a good fiat supporting surface for the element 13.
  • the layer 15 comprises the base of a dish-shaped piece of thermal insulating material formed of microporous insulation and provides an upstanding side wall 16 which is in contact with the interior of the side wall 11 of the outer tray.
  • the microporous insulation 15, 16 would be moulded into the outer tray and would be adequately held in position by the friction between its own surface and the interior surface of the tray.
  • it maybe machined from a block of microporous insulating material making the external dimensions slightly oversize so that'it can be forced into the outer tray and will be retained by the frictional engagement between its outer surface and the inner'surface of the tray.
  • a thin section ring 17 of thermal insulating material of the same composition as the disc 14 rests upon the upperedge of the wall 16 and is secured to the wall 16 by suitable means such as a number of pins or staples (not shown).
  • the glass ceramic cover 18 is mounted directly upon the ring 17.
  • the electrical heating element 13 is secured in position by means of a number of U-shaped staples 19 which are driven through the disc 14 and into the layer 15 of microporous insulation which has a high coefficient of friction so as to provide good resistance to withdrawal of the staple. Also, the insulation material has a good deal of resilience and when the staple is driven through into the material local stresses are created therein which have the effect of applying a pressure to the legs of the staple to resist its withdrawal. As will be seen, the staples terminate short of the base 10 of the metal tray.
  • the staples are spaced apart around the spiral of the heating element as illustrated by the marked positions of staples 19 in FIG. 1 and it will be seen that the staples are staggered in adjacent convolution.
  • connection of an electrical supply .lead to the inner end of the wire of the heating element is shown in section in FIG. 2, the connection of the outer end of the wire to an electrical supply lead being exactly the same.
  • the lead to the electrical supply passes through a sheath 21 of electrical and thermal insulating material the sheath 31 being secured in a flanged sleeve 22 where it passes through the base 10 of the tray.
  • the wire 20 coming from the heating element is braided with one or more further wires as indicated at 23 to increase the electrical resistance and at the position where the one or more further wires are joined to the wire 20 the collection of wires is crimped inside a flat metal sleeve.
  • This form of connection is considered to be advantageous over a brazed or welded connection as it is less liable to embrittlement failure under high temperatures.
  • each staple 19 engages the wire at the base of the coil of the helix, i.e. where the wire contacts the disc 14.
  • An electrical cooker unit for a ceramic glass plate type electrical cooker comprising a thermal insulating base layer formed by bonding an intimate mixture of particulate microporous silica aerogel of average particle size less than millimicrons with an opacifier and reinforcing fibers, said base layer having an upper surface which lies in a flat horizontal plane, an upstanding side wall of thermal insulating material surrounding said base layer and having an upper edge lying in a horizontal plane spaced above the plane of the base layer, a layer of ceramic fibre composite of substantially less thickness than the thickness of the base layer is provided on the upper surface of the base layer and on the upper edge of the side wall, an electrical heating element comprising bare wire in helically coiled form supported upon the upper surface of the.
  • each staple being of effective length less than the depth of the base layer and being driven through the ceramic fibre composite layer and into the base layer so that the apex of its V-form engages over the lower portion of a convolution of the wire at the position where the convolution of the base layer also extending upwardly therefrom to provide the said side wall which is in engagement with the interior of the outer wall of the tray.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Electric Stoves And Ranges (AREA)
  • Combinations Of Kitchen Furniture (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
US00385558A 1972-08-05 1973-08-03 Electrical cooker unit for a ceramic glass plate type electrical cooker Expired - Lifetime US3833793A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB3668272A GB1433478A (en) 1972-08-05 1972-08-05 Electrical heating apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3833793A true US3833793A (en) 1974-09-03

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US00385558A Expired - Lifetime US3833793A (en) 1972-08-05 1973-08-03 Electrical cooker unit for a ceramic glass plate type electrical cooker

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US (1) US3833793A (US20030199744A1-20031023-C00003.png)
JP (1) JPS5229454B2 (US20030199744A1-20031023-C00003.png)
AU (1) AU471783B2 (US20030199744A1-20031023-C00003.png)
BE (1) BE803173A (US20030199744A1-20031023-C00003.png)
CA (1) CA987718A (US20030199744A1-20031023-C00003.png)
CS (1) CS226155B2 (US20030199744A1-20031023-C00003.png)
DD (1) DD106522A5 (US20030199744A1-20031023-C00003.png)
DE (1) DE2339768C3 (US20030199744A1-20031023-C00003.png)
ES (1) ES417550A1 (US20030199744A1-20031023-C00003.png)
FR (1) FR2195145B1 (US20030199744A1-20031023-C00003.png)
GB (1) GB1433478A (US20030199744A1-20031023-C00003.png)
IT (1) IT993644B (US20030199744A1-20031023-C00003.png)
SU (1) SU510163A3 (US20030199744A1-20031023-C00003.png)
ZA (1) ZA735129B (US20030199744A1-20031023-C00003.png)

Cited By (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3991298A (en) * 1975-07-28 1976-11-09 Gould Inc. Heating unit for a ceramic top electric range
US4034206A (en) * 1976-05-11 1977-07-05 Gould Inc. Range top element
US4100395A (en) * 1976-06-29 1978-07-11 Glenro, Inc. Expanded element radiant heating device
US4221672A (en) * 1978-02-13 1980-09-09 Micropore International Limited Thermal insulation containing silica aerogel and alumina
US4253012A (en) * 1976-09-30 1981-02-24 Micropore International Limited Electrical heating units
US4262192A (en) * 1979-08-15 1981-04-14 The Kanthal Corporation Molybdenum disilicide resistance wire and support
US4292504A (en) * 1979-10-02 1981-09-29 Tutco, Inc. Expanded metal electric heating element with edge support
US4447711A (en) * 1980-12-30 1984-05-08 Karl Fischer Electric heater
US4471214A (en) * 1981-07-24 1984-09-11 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerate Blanc Und Fischer Electrical heating element for heating a plate and process for the production thereof
DE3502497A1 (de) * 1985-01-25 1986-07-31 Grünzweig + Hartmann und Glasfaser AG, 6700 Ludwigshafen Heizvorrichtung, insbesondere fuer eine strahlungsbeheizte kochplatte, sowie verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
US4751370A (en) * 1982-12-24 1988-06-14 Thorn Emi Patents Limited Heating apparatus
US4864105A (en) * 1986-10-25 1989-09-05 Ceramaspeed Limited Radiant heaters
US5051561A (en) * 1988-05-27 1991-09-24 Ceramaspeed Limited Radiant electric heaters
US5177339A (en) * 1988-05-27 1993-01-05 Ceramaspeed Limited Radiant electric heaters
US5181312A (en) * 1990-06-22 1993-01-26 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerate Blanc U. Fischer Method and apparatus for fixing heating resistors to a support
WO1996012388A1 (en) * 1994-10-14 1996-04-25 Ab Electrolux Unit for a kitchen range
US5532458A (en) * 1993-09-17 1996-07-02 Wacker-Chemie Gmbh Radiant heater, in particular, for heating a glass-ceramic hot plate
WO1999020079A1 (en) * 1997-10-15 1999-04-22 Emerson Electric Co. Microwire staple for holding the resistive member of a heating element in place
WO1999038358A1 (en) * 1998-01-27 1999-07-29 Cadif S.R.L. Thin heating element made from low resistance material
US5935469A (en) * 1997-10-23 1999-08-10 Emerson Electric Co. Insulating staple for holding the resistive member of a heating element in place
US5968391A (en) * 1998-05-06 1999-10-19 Emerson Electric Company Modular radiant heating unit
US6018147A (en) * 1998-04-01 2000-01-25 Ceramaspeed Limited Base for an electric heater and method of manufacture
WO2000049839A1 (en) * 1999-02-17 2000-08-24 Garland Commercial Industries, Inc. Griddle plate with infrared heating element
USD431964S (en) * 1998-05-27 2000-10-17 Gda Applied Energy Limited Heating unit for a hob
USD432863S (en) * 1998-05-27 2000-10-31 Gda Applied Energy Limited Heating unit for a hob
USD433280S (en) * 1998-05-27 2000-11-07 Gda Applied Energy Limited Heating unit for a hob
USD433281S (en) * 1998-05-27 2000-11-07 Gda Applied Energy Limited Heating unit for a hob
US6201220B1 (en) * 1998-04-08 2001-03-13 Eika S. Coop. System for fixing the heating resistance in a cooker plate
US6403932B1 (en) 2001-01-09 2002-06-11 Emerson Electric Co. Controller for a heating unit in a cooktop and methods of operating same
US6403930B2 (en) * 2000-03-15 2002-06-11 Emerson Electric Co. Modular radiant heating unit having a thermally insulating gasket and methods of assembling same
US6417496B1 (en) * 2000-12-22 2002-07-09 Emerson Electric Co. Modular heating unit for cooktops
US6492627B1 (en) 2001-07-26 2002-12-10 Emerson Electric Co. Heating unit and control system for cooktops having capability to detect presence of a pan and methods of operating same
US6518549B1 (en) * 1998-05-11 2003-02-11 Christopher R. Taylor Modular radiant heater units for use in grills having edge heat weighting
US6555793B2 (en) 1998-11-11 2003-04-29 Emerson Electric Co. Advanced radiant electric heater
US20110262118A1 (en) * 2008-07-01 2011-10-27 Mcwilliams Kevin Ronald Radiant electric heater
CN101334183B (zh) * 2008-07-30 2011-12-21 唐建光 辐热炉盘

Families Citing this family (29)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2551137C2 (de) * 1975-11-14 1986-04-24 E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer, 7519 Oberderdingen Elektrischer Strahlungsheizkörper für Glaskeramikkochplatten
DE2729930C2 (de) * 1977-07-02 1993-02-18 E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer, 7519 Oberderdingen Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrischen Strahlungs-Heizelementes
DE2760339C3 (de) * 1975-11-14 1994-04-14 Ego Austria Elektrogeraete Elektrischer Strahlungsheizkörper für Glaskeramikkochplatten
GB1580909A (en) * 1977-02-10 1980-12-10 Micropore Internatioonal Ltd Thermal insulation material
JPS53111438U (US20030199744A1-20031023-C00003.png) * 1977-02-14 1978-09-06
JPS53130072U (US20030199744A1-20031023-C00003.png) * 1977-03-24 1978-10-16
SE7806238L (sv) * 1977-07-02 1979-01-03 Fischer Karl Elektriskt stralningsvermeelement, serskilt for glaskeramikkokhell
DE2729929C3 (de) * 1977-07-02 1981-10-08 Karl 7519 Oberderdingen Fischer Strahlungs-Heizeinheit für Glaskeramik-Elektrokochgeräte
DE2820139A1 (de) * 1978-05-09 1979-11-15 Karl Fischer Elektrischer heizkoerper
GB2044057B (en) * 1979-02-07 1983-04-20 Micropore International Ltd Smooth top cookers
AU578248B2 (en) * 1979-08-17 1988-10-20 Karl Fischer Electric hotplate
DE2950302A1 (de) * 1979-12-14 1981-06-19 E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer, 7519 Oberderdingen Elektrischer strahlheizkoerper sowie verfahren und vorrichtung zu seiner herstellung
DE3046127C2 (de) * 1979-12-14 1984-05-30 Micropore International Ltd., Droitwich, Worcestershire Verfahren zum Behandeln der Oberfläche von Blöcken aus mikroporösem thermisch isolierenden Material
DE3020326C2 (de) * 1980-05-29 1985-12-19 Grünzweig + Hartmann und Glasfaser AG, 6700 Ludwigshafen Strahlungsheizkörper mit einer elektrischen Heizwendel, insbesondere für eine Glaskeramik-Kochplatte
DE3219392A1 (de) * 1982-05-24 1983-12-01 Gruenzweig Hartmann Glasfaser Waermedaemmplatte fuer die lagerung einer elektrischen heizwendel, sowie verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
DE3315438A1 (de) * 1983-04-28 1984-10-31 E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer, 7519 Oberderdingen Heizelement zur beheizung von koch-, heizplatten oder dgl.
GB8414746D0 (en) * 1984-06-09 1984-07-11 Blease P A S Plunger
DE3640999A1 (de) * 1986-12-01 1988-06-16 Ako Werke Gmbh & Co Strahlungsheizkoerper
GB2202418A (en) * 1987-03-13 1988-09-21 Vulcan Refractories Limited Porous ceramic support for electric heating element
DE3800676A1 (de) * 1988-01-13 1989-07-27 Eichenauer Gmbh & Co Kg F Heizvorrichtung, insbesondere als kochplatte
DE4039501A1 (de) * 1990-12-11 1992-06-17 Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer Elektrischer heizkoerper, insbesondere strahlheizkoerper
DE9214270U1 (de) * 1992-10-22 1994-04-07 Fritz Eichenauer Gmbh & Co Kg, 76870 Kandel Elektrischer Strahlungsheizeinsatz für Glaskeramik-Kochfeld
DE4304540A1 (de) * 1993-02-11 1994-08-18 Belzig Elektrowaerme Gmbh Elektroanschluß für Heizelemente in Strahlungsheizkörpern
DE4320214A1 (de) * 1993-06-18 1994-12-22 Belzig Elektrowaerme Gmbh Anordnungen elektrischer Verbindungen und Elemente hierfür
DE4322941C1 (de) * 1993-07-09 1995-01-12 Porextherm Daemmstoffe Gmbh Wärmedämmkörper und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
GB2324693A (en) * 1997-04-12 1998-10-28 Ceramaspeed Ltd Vapour barrier in a radiant electric heater
CA2714620C (en) * 2008-02-29 2017-06-13 Tyco Thermal Controls Llc Multilayer heat tracing insulation device and method
PT107101A (pt) 2013-08-02 2015-02-02 Univ De Coimbra Painéis flexíveis de aerogel hidrofóbico reforçado com feltro de fibras
CN103672984B (zh) * 2013-12-31 2015-11-18 深圳市康丽达实业有限公司 自然散热型节能电陶炉

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US3567906A (en) * 1969-04-14 1971-03-02 Gen Electric Planar surface heater with integral fasteners for heating element
US3612827A (en) * 1970-01-12 1971-10-12 Gen Electric Flat plate surface heating unit
US3612828A (en) * 1970-06-22 1971-10-12 Gen Motors Corp Infrared radiant open coil heating unit with reflective fibrous-ceramic heater block
US3646321A (en) * 1970-06-22 1972-02-29 Gen Motors Corp Infrared surface heating unit
US3612829A (en) * 1970-07-17 1971-10-12 Gen Motors Corp Ceramic top infrared cooking assembly
US3624352A (en) * 1970-09-22 1971-11-30 Gen Motors Corp Ceramic top range surface temperature cut-off thermostatic device
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Cited By (42)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3991298A (en) * 1975-07-28 1976-11-09 Gould Inc. Heating unit for a ceramic top electric range
US4034206A (en) * 1976-05-11 1977-07-05 Gould Inc. Range top element
US4100395A (en) * 1976-06-29 1978-07-11 Glenro, Inc. Expanded element radiant heating device
US4253012A (en) * 1976-09-30 1981-02-24 Micropore International Limited Electrical heating units
US4221672A (en) * 1978-02-13 1980-09-09 Micropore International Limited Thermal insulation containing silica aerogel and alumina
US4262192A (en) * 1979-08-15 1981-04-14 The Kanthal Corporation Molybdenum disilicide resistance wire and support
US4292504A (en) * 1979-10-02 1981-09-29 Tutco, Inc. Expanded metal electric heating element with edge support
US4447711A (en) * 1980-12-30 1984-05-08 Karl Fischer Electric heater
US4471214A (en) * 1981-07-24 1984-09-11 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerate Blanc Und Fischer Electrical heating element for heating a plate and process for the production thereof
US4751370A (en) * 1982-12-24 1988-06-14 Thorn Emi Patents Limited Heating apparatus
US4868371A (en) * 1982-12-24 1989-09-19 Thorn Emi Patents Limited Heating assembly using tungsten-halogen lamps
DE3502497A1 (de) * 1985-01-25 1986-07-31 Grünzweig + Hartmann und Glasfaser AG, 6700 Ludwigshafen Heizvorrichtung, insbesondere fuer eine strahlungsbeheizte kochplatte, sowie verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
US4864105A (en) * 1986-10-25 1989-09-05 Ceramaspeed Limited Radiant heaters
US5051561A (en) * 1988-05-27 1991-09-24 Ceramaspeed Limited Radiant electric heaters
US5177339A (en) * 1988-05-27 1993-01-05 Ceramaspeed Limited Radiant electric heaters
US5204510A (en) * 1988-05-27 1993-04-20 Ceramaspeed Limited Radiant electric heaters
US5181312A (en) * 1990-06-22 1993-01-26 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerate Blanc U. Fischer Method and apparatus for fixing heating resistors to a support
US5532458A (en) * 1993-09-17 1996-07-02 Wacker-Chemie Gmbh Radiant heater, in particular, for heating a glass-ceramic hot plate
WO1996012388A1 (en) * 1994-10-14 1996-04-25 Ab Electrolux Unit for a kitchen range
US5977524A (en) * 1997-10-15 1999-11-02 Emerson Electric Company Microwire staple for holding the resistive member of a heating element in place
WO1999020079A1 (en) * 1997-10-15 1999-04-22 Emerson Electric Co. Microwire staple for holding the resistive member of a heating element in place
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT993644B (it) 1975-09-30
DE2339768A1 (de) 1974-02-14
DD106522A5 (US20030199744A1-20031023-C00003.png) 1974-06-12
AU5885973A (en) 1975-02-06
FR2195145B1 (US20030199744A1-20031023-C00003.png) 1976-05-07
BE803173A (fr) 1973-12-03
ES417550A1 (es) 1976-03-16
JPS5229454B2 (US20030199744A1-20031023-C00003.png) 1977-08-02
SU510163A3 (ru) 1976-04-05
FR2195145A1 (US20030199744A1-20031023-C00003.png) 1974-03-01
DE2339768C3 (de) 1986-10-02
CA987718A (en) 1976-04-20
ZA735129B (en) 1974-07-31
AU471783B2 (en) 1976-05-06
JPS49132628A (US20030199744A1-20031023-C00003.png) 1974-12-19
DE2339768B2 (de) 1977-08-18
GB1433478A (en) 1976-04-28
CS226155B2 (en) 1984-03-19

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