US3831444A - Yarn quality assessment method and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Yarn quality assessment method and apparatus therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
US3831444A
US3831444A US00326695A US32669573A US3831444A US 3831444 A US3831444 A US 3831444A US 00326695 A US00326695 A US 00326695A US 32669573 A US32669573 A US 32669573A US 3831444 A US3831444 A US 3831444A
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Prior art keywords
yarn
pulley
resistance
needle
chain
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T Sasaki
K Kuroda
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Kurabo Industries Ltd
Kurashiki Spinning Co Ltd
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Kurashiki Spinning Co Ltd
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Priority claimed from JP1015372A external-priority patent/JPS5414514B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP6066072A external-priority patent/JPS4919157A/ja
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/36—Textiles
    • G01N33/365—Textiles filiform textiles, e.g. yarns
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0278—Thin specimens
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0278—Thin specimens
    • G01N2203/028—One dimensional, e.g. filaments, wires, ropes or cables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/36—Textiles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and apparatus whereby the quality of a yarn, etc., as based on the results of a plurality of normal industrial tests, such as unwinding, needle-to-yarn, yarnto-yarn frictional resistance tests, can be determined in one single operation.
  • quality is meant the knittablity of yarns, that is the stresses they can withstand and the ease or difficulty withwhich they can be knitted or woven.
  • This assessment of yarn quality is made on the basis of a number of criteria and yarns are generally classified as good (i.e., they knit smoothly and produce finished goods without flaws), medium (i.e., knitting operation can proceed but is usually attended by some difficulty and requires fairly constant adjustments to be made inorder to produce finished goods), or poor (i.e., either that knitting is impossible, or even if it is possible, the finished goods produced are unsaleable).
  • the reason why a number of different criteria for assessing yarn quality is necessary, is that in practical operation, in passing through a knitting machine, yarn is subject to not one but a number of different tensile forces and resistances. These forces and resistances generally include;
  • Unwinding resistance produced when a yarn is unwound from a cheese, or cone, etc.
  • Yarn-to-yarn frictional force also termed crossover resistance or friction, and meaning the mutual frictional resistance offered between two lengths of one and the same yarn at a point where the yarn is crossed on itself
  • Needle-to-yarn frictional force i.e., frictional resistance between a yarn and a needle through which it is threaded
  • Yarn bending moment i.e., the force imposed on a yarn by bending it sharply once or repeatedly
  • Yarn tensile strength and elongation at the breaking point 6. Youngs Modulus of initial tension 7. Yarn unevenness (U%).
  • a yarn to be tested is unwound from a cheese or cone, passed through a unit where cross-over friction, yarn to needle friction, and bending resistance are generated, and then wound up again at a constant speed by a take-up reel, and the total resistive force representing the above-mentioned cross-over friction, yarn-to-needle friction and bending resistance, is measured at the take-up point and the measured value is compared with standard values obtained when-yarns of known qualities in the same manner, thus making it possible, by a simple and single operation, to classify a yarn into one of three classes, that are good, medium, or poor.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a yarn quality assessment method and apparatus wherein a yarn or similar material to be tested is unwound from a cheese or cone, passed through a means for generating unwinding resistance, through a means for generating cross-over (i.e., yarn to yarn) frictional resistance, yarn to needle frictional resistance, and bending resistance and then wound up again at a constant speed by a take-up means and wherein there is provided a detection means for mesuring a tensile force which represents the accumulative value of at least one or more of the above-mentioned resistances.
  • the detection means consists essentially of a floating pulley which is subject to an upwardly acting force provided by the said accumulative tensile force and to which is attached a set weight, it being observed to what position the floating pulley moves relative to a previously determined set level.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a yarn quality assessment method and apparatus which comprise a floating pulley for the purpose of measuring an accumulative tensile force on a tested yarn, as described above, and which further comprise a means for continuously varying the weight acting downwards on the floating pulley, said means essentially comprising a freely suspended chain the position of one end of which can be adjusted in such a manner as to change the fraction of the weight of the chain that is imposed on the floating pulley, thus making it possible to assess yarn quality over a continuous range; in other words by a single, simple apparatus and method the invention makes it possible not only to classify yarns broadly into three classes, good, medium, poor, but also to assess yarns much more closely by observation of the movement of a floating pulley.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one preferred embodiment of a yarn quality assessment apparatus according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view, on an enlarged scale, of a movable guide pulley employed in the apparatus of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view, on an enlarged scale, of a needle holder employed in the apparatus of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view, on an enlarged scale, of a floating pulley employed in the apparatus of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 5, (a) and (b), is a graph showing the position of the floating pulley varying due to the influence of the accumulated resistances applied to a yarn
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing essential portions of another embodiment of a yarn quality assessment apparatus according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7, (a) and (b), is a partially schematic diagram similar to FIG. 6 for illustrating an alternative method of passing a yarn through needles
  • FIG. 8 is a partially schematic diagram showing an essential portion of a further embodiment of a yarn quality assessment apparatus according to the present invention.
  • the equipment has a flat base 1. On the base 1 there is mounted a vertical panel 2, and adjacent to one side of the panel 2 there is an upright stand 3, which constitutes a support for a cone 4 of yarn, wool, silk or other material it is desired to test (hereinbelow abbreviated to yarn).
  • the initial point of feed-in of yarn to be tested from the cone 4 to the equipment of the panel 2 is a guide pulley 7; yarn unwound from the cone 4 is led to this initial guide pulley 7 by means of a unwinding guide arm 5 on which is mounted a lead-in pulley 6.
  • a pivot pin 50 On one end 5a of the guide arm 5 there is mounted a pivot pin 50, which is slidably fitted into a guide groove Zn on the back, near the top and parallel to the upper edge of the panel 2.
  • the guide arm 5 extends upwards and outwards with respect to the panel 2 (as seen from the front, obliquely upwards to the left), and the above-mentioned pulley 6 is mounted at the outer end 5b of the guide arm 5.
  • the guide arm 5 is free to move laterally in either direction, since the pivot pin 50 is slidably fitted in the panel guide groove 2a, and also the pivot pin 5c permits adjustment of the angle at which the guide arm 5 projects from the panel 2; the range of this adjustment is such that the height of the arm end 512, and hence the pulley 6, above the base 1 can be varied by any amount up to about 100 cm. Yarn from the cone 4 on the stand 3 is unwoumd,- led upwards, passed over the pulley 6, and thence led downwards and onto the guide pulley 7; in this manner, unwinding resistance of yarn fed to the guide pulley 7 is generated at the pulley 6.
  • the height of the pulley 6 is preferable to within about 20 cm above the imaginary apex of the yarn cone; by setting the pulley 6 to various'heights it is also possible to determine the optimum height for positioning an unwinding guide in an actual knitting machine.
  • the shape of the cone changes knitting qualities, of course, for the same yarn, and if it is desired to disregard unwinding resistance and assess knitting qualities from other yarn characteristics only, this can be achieved by interposing a yarn tensioner feed device or magneto tensor between the cone 4 and pulley 6.
  • the pulleys There are six guide pulleys mounted on the front of the panel 2 and all are level with one another along a line that is in the upper portion and parallel to the top of the panel 2. From left to right (that is in the direction of yarn travel) the pulleys are the above-mentioned first guide pulley 7, a second guide pulley 8, a third guide pulley 9, a fourth guide pulley 10, a fifth guide pulley l1, and a sixth guide pulley 12.
  • the pulleys 8 and 9 are movable pulleys; which, respectively, are attached to brackets 8d and 9d, which are dependent from vertical support shafts 8a and 9a; the support shafts 8a and 9a are themselves supported by bearings 8b and 9b connected to the panel 2; the shafts 8a and 9a are provided with cam plates 8c and which, by engagement with cam portions formed in the bearings 8b and 9b, permit the pulleys 8 and 9 to be turned through
  • pulleys 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 are part of an equipment for testing yarn qualities, it is obviously desirable that they react accurately to yarn tensions, etc., and be uninfluenced by external factors, and to this end, in the present embodiment, all the pulleys are provided with hearings to keep rotational friction to a minimum.
  • all the pulleys are provided with hearings to keep rotational friction to a minimum.
  • open type bearings if resistance increases uniformly in all pulleys, calculations are not affected, and it is also possible to use open type bearings. However, from the point of view of pulley service, economy and similar considerations, sealed grease bearings are preferable.
  • the pulleys 6 and 7 can be simple guide pulleys, since very little tension is imposed on yarn between these points, and the pulleys may even be non-rotating.
  • Each holder comprises a fixed plate (130, 15a, 17a), and a movable plate (13b, 15b, 17b) attached thereto, between which a needle is held, the needles held by the holders 13, 15 and 17 being respectively a first needle 14, a second needle 16, and a third needle 18.
  • the needles 14, 16 and 18 therefore lie on a line that is below and parallel to the line on which lie the pulleys 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12.
  • Yarn unwound from the cone 4 is passed over the lead-in pulley 6, passed onto the first guide pulley 7, threaded through the first needle 14, passed over the movable second guide pulley 8, threaded through the second needle 16, passed over the movable third guide pulley 9, threaded through the third needle 18, and passed on to the fourth guide pulley 11; the subsequent path of the yarn will be described later.
  • There is resistance generated at various points on the path of the yarn thus passed over pulleys and threaded on needles.
  • These resistances are: unwinding resistance at the lead-in pulley 6, frictional resistance between the yarn and the first, second and third needles 14, 16, and 18, and yarn bending resistance at the points where it bends at the first, second and third, needles 14, 16 and 18, and also, if the moveable pulleys 8 and 9 are turned as described above, there is cross-over frictional resistance adjacent to the guide pulleys 8 and 9. Since these various resistance are imposed successively on one and the same yarn, their effects are accumulative, and add together to present a single take up resistance at the th guide pulley ll.
  • Tension in the yarn as it passes through the 1st needle 14 is comparatively small, and variations in tension are liable to cause the yarn to jump the hook, and it is therefore preferable to provide the first needle 14 with a further clip or blocking portion 19 which is applied after the needle latch is closed.
  • the guide groove 27 lies on a line at a position between imaginary vertical lines passing through the fifth and sixth guide pulleys l1 and 12, and the top thereof is located at a point that is below the line on which the pulleys 7, 8, 9,10, l 1 and 12 lie, and it extends to a point approximately level with the needle holders 13, and 17.
  • a support arm 28a which extends perpendicularly from the front surface of the panel 2.
  • the arm 28a supports a narrow, vertical guide rail 28 that is opposite and parallel to the guide groove 27.
  • a guide rod 21 is slidably inserted in the guide groove 27, and the other end, 21b, is slidably inserted in the guide rail 28.
  • the guide rod 21 can either be straight or it can have the shape of a square-bottomed U.
  • an attachment portion 24 is fixed to, or forms a downward extension from, the rod 21 near its end 21b (that is the outer end with respect to the panel 2).
  • the attachment portion 24 curves inwards (i.e., towards the panel 2) and its end 24a lies beneath the center of the middle portion 210 of the rod 21.
  • the central portion 210 of the guide rod 21 passes through the bottom por tion of a stepped bracket-shaped attachment portion 26, which is for attachment of weights 25 of varying values.
  • the configuration of these various elements is such that the center of the floating pulley 20, the center of the guide rod middle portion 21c, the weight 25, and'the attachment portion 24 end 24a all lie on the same-vertical line.
  • the rod 21 is straight, it can be passed through the floating pulley 20, along the axis thereof, and the attachment portions 24 and 26 formed integrally therewith.
  • the traverse rod 29 and take-up reel 30 are both driven by a motor 31 that is located within the panel 2.
  • the speed of the motor 31 can be adjusted to any desired value, for example, by a slide contact device for control by changing impressed voltage, and the motor 31 can be caused to run constantly at the speed selected.
  • rotational speed of the takeup reel 30 can be controlled by the motor 31, and the speed of the reel 30 can be determined by means of a stroboscope, and any adjustments made when required.
  • yarn is unwound from the cone 4, passed over the lead-in pulley 6, and then led, via the needles 14,16 and 18, and pulleys 7, 8, 9 and 10, to the fifth guide pulley 11.
  • the yarn is led down, passed round and under the floating pulley 20, led up to and passed over the sixth guide pulley12, led down and across to, and passed around the traverse rod.29, and thence led down and-attached to the takeup reel 30.
  • the floating pulley 20 is free to ride up or down since the ends-2la and 21b of the guide rod can slide within the guide groove 27 and guide rail 28, and therefore the downward force applied to the floating pulley 20 must be such as to balance the take-up resistance composed of the accumulated resistances from pulley 6 through pulley -11. Put another way, if the downward force applied to the floating pulley 20 is greater than the force of the accumulative take-up resistance the floating pulley 20 will sink, and if it is less, the floating pulley 20 will rise. It is, of course, possible to set upper and lower limits to such up and down movement of the floating pulley 20 by means of stops suitably located in the guide groove 27 and rail 28.
  • the tested yarn is traversed very slowly from the 6th guide pulley 12 and wound on the take-up reel 30.
  • the speed of travel of theyarn depends, of course, on the peripheral speed of the reel 30, which in turn depends on the rotational speed of 'the reel 30.
  • fouryarn speeds are employed, the four speeds being 10, 25, 50, and l0Om/min., it being also possible to-obtain other speeds if required.
  • the speed normally employed is that of 25m/min, which approximates the speed of needle operation in practical knitting machines; the other speeds are selected for severe comparative testing of materials.
  • the peripheral speed, and hence the yarn speed increases with the amount of yarn wound on the reel 30, and therefore the yarn is cut by the cut-off notch3la whenthe yarn wound thereon has reached a set amount.
  • the speed at which yarn is led away from the testing equipment can be kept constant by taking the yarn out through a pair of rollers and taking it up at some further stage.
  • fixable support rod 32 to which one end of the chain 23 is attached, is slidably fitted in a vertical guide slot 33 which is formed in the front of the panel 2 parallel to the guide groove 27.
  • the fixable support rod 32 passes through the slot 33 and has attached to its other end inside the panel 2 a windup chain or similar means by which the location of the rod 32 in the slot 33 can be arbitrarily fixed.
  • Such fixing means can be, for example, a chain 36 which is at tached at one end to the inside end of the support rod 32 and at the other end to a winch which is controlled by a wheel 34 at the front of the base 1; turning the wheel 34 in one direction winds in the chain 36 and raises the support rod 32, and turning the wheel 34 in the opposite direction unwinds the chain 36 and allows the support rod 32 to be lowered.
  • the chain 23 is attached to and hangs freely between the floating pulley attachment portion 24 and the support rod 32, and the amount of weight the chain 23 imposes on either the attachment 24 (and hence on the floating pulley 20) or the support rod 32 depends on the length of chain between the lowest point of the chain 23 and the attachment portion end 24a or the outer end of the support rod 32.
  • These lengths can be varied as required by varying the height of the support rod 32 in the guide slot 33 by the means described above; in other words, the weight imposed by the chain 23 on the support rod 32 or, acting through the connection portion 24, on the floating pulley 20 can be varied as required.
  • the weight of the chain 23 can be even over its length, or if more convenient, its weight can be steadily increased over its length; in either case the principles described above are still applicable.
  • a scale 33 Beside the guide slot 35 there is a scale 33, which, for any position of the support rod 32, gives a reading of the total weight, including that of the pulley 20 itself, imposed downwards on the floating pulley 20.
  • This weight acting downwards on the floating pulley 20 varies with the height of the support rod 32 and is countered by the force of the accumulative take-up resistance at the 5th guide pulley 11, and the position of the floating pulley 20 (which can move up and down with its guide rod 21 guided in the groove 27 and rail 28) depends on the difference between these upwardly and downwardly acting forces.
  • the equipment described above can, of course, be provided with various accessories, such as an attached or mounted plumb-line and adjustable feet on the base 1, to ensure that the panel 2 is vertical, or upper or lower display lamps that are actuated when the floating pulley 20 reaches set upper or lower limits, or a warning buzzer for when the floating pulley 2O exceeds set limits; also, for special testing it is possible to pass yarn through or past a tensioner prior to feed in to the equipment, or in cases where not enough tension to be detected is generated, a gauged tensioner can be interposed between the lead-in pulley 6 and 1st guide pulley 7; contrariwise, interchanging tensioners interposed between the pulley 6 and pulley 7 provides a comparision check of tensioners as well as of testing yarn quality. If a yarn being tested breaks, the motor should be stopped to stop the yarn travel. Similarly, interchanging needles used for the same yarn gives a comparison check of needles as well as testing the yarn.
  • various accessories such as an attached or mounted plumb-
  • a cheese or cone of a yarn to be tested is placed on the stand 3, led up to the pulley 6 on the unwinding guide arm 5, where unwinding resistance is produced, threaded onto the guide pulleys and through the needles to produce friction, bending and needle resistance, and, where the moveable pulleys are turned around, cross-over resistance, passed under the floating pulley on which is imposed a downwardly acting force to balance the accumulative resistance force, and wound up by the take-up reel. Even if the speed of the take-up reel is constant, the position of the floating pulley does not stay fixed, but varies due to the influence of changing resistances, particularly unwinding resistance. This variation of the position of the floating pulley is illustrated in FIG.
  • the floating pulley 20 has a point that represents a point of stability, and so one method of determining the total take-up tension of a yarn is to adjust the position of the support rod 32 so that the point of stability of the pulley 20 is stably settled at an intermediate point of the groove 27 and the rail 28, and then take a reading of the position of the support rod 32 from the scale 35 indicating the weight imposed on the pulley 20, that is the force of the accumulative take-up tension. When this reading is taken it can be compared with set values, for assessing the yarn as good, medium or poor.
  • a method of assessing yarn quality is to observe the up and down movement of the pulley 20 and note the approximate center point of this up and down movement; adjust the position of the support rod 32 until the center point of the up and down movement of the pulley 20 is settled at a certain predetermined position; and then take a reading of the position of the support rod 32 from the scale 35.
  • the scale is calibrated with weights imposed on the pulley 20 at every position of the support rod 32 while the pulley 20 is settled at a certain predetermined position.
  • Another method of determining the total accumulative take-up tension of a yarn is to note at what sale 35 reading the support rod 32 must be placed for the support arm 21 of the floating pulley to settle at a bottom stop.
  • the amount the pulley 20 moves up and down varies in a cycle, and the bottom stop selected should be level with the highest one of the bottom points of the downward movement; the movement of the pulley 20 is indicated by the heavy line in FIG 5(b).
  • the scale is calibrated with weights imposed on the pulley 20 at every position of the support rod 32 while the pulley 20 is settled at the bottom stop. It was found experimentally that if the amplitude of the up and down movement of the pulley 20 is less than 5 cm, that the same assessment of yarn quality is obtained if a weight 25 is used alone, without using the chain 23; the quality of the yarn being tested can be assessed by using a set weight W, as shown in FIG. 6.
  • a yarn is unwound and passed through portions where friction and bending are caused, and then brought to point where the various resistances act accumulatively, and by determining the weightimposed on a chain, and comparing the value to standard values it is possible to'determine the total take-up resistance of the yarn.
  • the resistance thus measured is a sum total of friction between parts of the yarn, friction between the yarn and needles, and bending resistance, and therefore represents a value that gives a direct assessment of the qualities of the yarn foruse in a practical knitting machine.
  • Amethod for suchcomparison is to'previously determine classes of yarn quality, such as good, medium, and poor, based on factors such as excellent articleratio, occurrence of breaks or flaws, etc., as encountered in actual industrial operations; then determine a standard value for making an assessment of yarn quality asmentioned hereinafter, by means of measuring yarnsas to which results in practical knitting are already known, by the device of the present invention, without using the chain 23, but by only setting the pulley 20.
  • the device of the invention when observing without using the chain 23 but only the setting pulley 20, it is not only possible to classify yarn tested into the three qualities good, medium, or poor, but also possible to make finer assessments, since the floating pulley 20 risig from the bottom stop sometimes indicates that yarn quality is getting somewhat worse than a good quality yarn, and the floating pulley 20 moving down from the upper stop sometimes indicates that yarn quality is getting somewhat better than a poor quality yarn.
  • the accumulated resistance consists of abrasion between yarn and needles, bending moment, and unwinding resistance, and is still applicable to industrial practice.
  • the invention therefore provides a device for determining yarn quality on the basis of bending moment and various friction or other resistances, and the invention eliminates the necessity for making'separate tests, but makes it possible to obtainan assessment that is the equivalent of many tests in a simple rapidprocess.
  • a cone or cheese 4 of a yarn A to be tested is placed on the stand 3 and the yarn A is unwound,,led upwards, passed over the pulley'6, through the tensioner 41, over pulley 7, through needle 14, over pulley 8, through needle 16, over pulley 9, through needle 18, over pulley 10, over pulley ll, underthe floating pulley 20, over pulley l2, andthen led down and attached to the takevup unit 30.
  • the pulleys 8 and 9 can be optionally turned, so as to generate yarn cross-over friction.
  • the path of the yarn A through the various parts of the section P is subject to various resistances and forces, which include frictional resistance, bending, needle to yarn resistance, and, if the yarn A is crossed on itself,
  • cross-over resistance these resistances are additive and when the yarn A comes to the section Q are combined to represent a single tensile force.
  • the purpose of the section Q is to determine the value of this single tensile force, and this is achieved by hanging a weight W of a standard value on the floating pulley 20, and
  • stop marks,42 and 43 on the front of the section 0 and on the path of the .up and down move- .ment of the floating pulley 20.
  • the stop 42 is a lower stop mark
  • the stop 43 is an upper stop mark. If the force of the yarn tension is greater than half the sum of the weight of the pulley '20 and of the standard weight W, the floating pulley 20 rises to the upper stop 43; if
  • the tensile force is smaller than the above-mentioned value, the pulley 20 moves down to the lower stop 42; and if the tensile force and the downward force of the combined weight of the pulley 20 and weight W are approximately equal, the pulley 20 moves between the upper and lower stops 43 and 42.
  • the value of the weight W is determined in reference to standard yarns; that is, yarns of a previously determined quality are run through the sections P and Q and it is then observed what weight W brings the pulley 20 to what positions, in order to determine standard reference stop positions and values of the weight W.
  • An alternative method of passing a yarn through the section P is, as illustrated in FIG. 7, not to turn the pulleys 8 and 9 but to cross the yarn over itself at the points where it is passed through the needles, this method (shown in FIG. 70) being useful for detection of yarn unevenness; or in cases where there is a problem of too much resistance, the yarn can be passed through the section P without being crossed over itself at any point (as shown in FIG. 7b).
  • the tensile force can of course be measured directly by means of a spring balance W instead of the weight W, as illustrated in FIG. 8. In this case, the resistance accumulated on the yarn which acts as taking-up tension of the yarn is measured directly by the spring balance W.
  • Two methods of assessing the quality of a material are, as described earlier, to use a weight only and not the chain 23, in which case a yarn can be classed as good, medium or poor, or to use the chain 23 attached to the floating pulley in which case yarn quality can be assessed over a continuous range as well as into the same three classes, good, medium, and poor.
  • the invention produces this same classification without the necessity of carrying out a series of separate tests, but in one simple, quickly completed operation which does not require skilled workmen.
  • the invention thus speeds and simplifies yarn classification and is therefore of great advantage in industry.
  • Blended Yam 9 yarn comprising a means for leading yarn from a cheese 32/2 80 or cone or similar device in an unwinding direction, Cotton & Acyrlic means for winding in said yarn at a constant speed, a 32/42 18 60 40 means between said leading means and said winding What is claimed is:
  • a method for assessing the knitting quality of yarn and similar materials comprising placing a cone or similar mass of yarn the quality of which is to be assessed in a fixed position, passing said yarn in an unwinding direction from said cone and successively through a means for imposing resistances on said yarn including yarn to yarn frictional resistance, yarn to needle frictional resistance, and bending resistance, and then winding said yarn up at a constant speed by a take up means for unwinding the yarn from the cone for imposing an unwinding resistance thereon and imposing yarn to yarn frictional resistance, yarn to needle frictional resistance and bending resistance on said yarn, and detecting at a point between the last of said resistance means and take up means the yarn tensile force representing the accumulative value of said resistance imposed on said yarn, and comparing the detected value with previously detemiined standard values.
  • a method wherein the accumeans for generating resistances to be imposed on said yarn including yarn to yarn frictional-resistance, needle to yarn frictional resistance and bending resistance in a yarn passed therethrough, a detecting means between said resistance generating means and said winding means for detecting a yarn tensile force representing the accumulative value of said resistances including unwinding resistance imposed on said yarn, and a means operatively associated with said detecting means for measuring said accumulative tensile force detected by said detecting means in comparison with a previously determined standard value.
  • said detecting means comprises a floating pulley which is suspended on said yarn on which said accumulative tensile acts upwards
  • said measuring means comprises a weight attached to said floating pulley so as to urge it downwardly and vertically spaced limit'means' between which said weight moves.
  • said detecting means comprises a floating pulley which is suspended on the yarn to detect said accumulative tensile force.
  • said. detecting means comprises a floating pulley which is; suspended on said yarn on which said accumulative tensile force acts upwards, and said measuring means 9.
  • said generating means includes at least one pulley for guiding the yarn and at least one needle held by a holder through which the yarn is passed, both said pulley and needle being respectively fixed at certain positions.
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US4026141A (en) * 1975-05-02 1977-05-31 Renfro Corporation Method of and apparatus for determining surface characteristics, such as coefficient of friction, of a moving strip of material
US4378791A (en) * 1980-09-05 1983-04-05 Chattanooga Corporation Therapeutic traction apparatus
US4432356A (en) * 1980-09-05 1984-02-21 Chattanooga Corporation Therapeutic traction apparatus with monitoring circuit means
US4883531A (en) * 1987-05-29 1989-11-28 Michael Cole Thread friction measurement arrangement
US5178008A (en) * 1990-01-26 1993-01-12 Zellweger Uster Ag Method and apparatus for the qualitative assessment and classification of yarns during a yarn clearing process
US5910187A (en) * 1996-07-02 1999-06-08 Keisokki Kogyo Co., Ltd. Method of detecting yarn unevenness
US6553826B1 (en) * 1999-03-04 2003-04-29 Zellweger Luwa Ag Process and device for monitoring the quality of textile strips
US20050234511A1 (en) * 2004-04-15 2005-10-20 Cuevas Brian J Suture tester
CN101266204B (zh) * 2007-07-20 2011-03-16 方明 纱线绳带耐磨,针织绒线起球,雪尼尔线脱绒测定仪
US20120144896A1 (en) * 2009-08-12 2012-06-14 Dow Global Technologies Llc Apparatus to determine coefficient of friction
CN101408535B (zh) * 2008-10-28 2012-06-27 天津工业大学 一种智能在线检测棉条条干均匀度的装置
CN107024403A (zh) * 2017-04-12 2017-08-08 东华大学 一种通丝耐磨测试装置
CN109187250A (zh) * 2018-09-27 2019-01-11 连云港纶洋单丝科技有限公司 单丝表层耐磨性能测试机
CN110261298A (zh) * 2019-07-18 2019-09-20 天津工业大学 一种纤维束间摩擦性能的测试方法
CN113447430A (zh) * 2020-03-25 2021-09-28 赣州西维尔金属材料科技有限公司 一种纤维表面镀层结合力测试装置及测试方法
US11906487B1 (en) * 2021-12-15 2024-02-20 Fjord, Inc. Apparatus and method for abrasion testing

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FR2592482B1 (fr) * 1986-01-02 1988-04-08 Zaganiaris Alcibiade Procede et dispositif de caracterisation de revetements primaires pour fibres optiques.
CH703267A1 (de) * 2010-06-09 2011-12-15 Uster Technologies Ag Vorrichtung zur bestimmung von merkmalen eines garns.
DE202011052162U1 (de) * 2011-12-01 2013-03-04 Technische Universität Chemnitz Faserstruktur-Abrasions-Prüfstand
CN103091191A (zh) * 2013-02-05 2013-05-08 东华大学 一种超细金属丝模拟摩擦仪

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GB842919A (en) * 1957-06-05 1960-07-27 Hosiery And Allied Trades Res Improved apparatus for measuring the frictional properties of yarns and the like
US3209589A (en) * 1962-05-22 1965-10-05 Mousanto Company Yarn friction measuring instrument
US3726137A (en) * 1971-05-04 1973-04-10 Heberlein & Co Ag Testing texturized yarn

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GB842919A (en) * 1957-06-05 1960-07-27 Hosiery And Allied Trades Res Improved apparatus for measuring the frictional properties of yarns and the like
US3209589A (en) * 1962-05-22 1965-10-05 Mousanto Company Yarn friction measuring instrument
US3726137A (en) * 1971-05-04 1973-04-10 Heberlein & Co Ag Testing texturized yarn

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4026141A (en) * 1975-05-02 1977-05-31 Renfro Corporation Method of and apparatus for determining surface characteristics, such as coefficient of friction, of a moving strip of material
US4378791A (en) * 1980-09-05 1983-04-05 Chattanooga Corporation Therapeutic traction apparatus
US4432356A (en) * 1980-09-05 1984-02-21 Chattanooga Corporation Therapeutic traction apparatus with monitoring circuit means
US4883531A (en) * 1987-05-29 1989-11-28 Michael Cole Thread friction measurement arrangement
US5178008A (en) * 1990-01-26 1993-01-12 Zellweger Uster Ag Method and apparatus for the qualitative assessment and classification of yarns during a yarn clearing process
US5910187A (en) * 1996-07-02 1999-06-08 Keisokki Kogyo Co., Ltd. Method of detecting yarn unevenness
US6553826B1 (en) * 1999-03-04 2003-04-29 Zellweger Luwa Ag Process and device for monitoring the quality of textile strips
US7343791B2 (en) * 2004-04-15 2008-03-18 Tyco Healthcare Group Lp Suture tester
US20050234511A1 (en) * 2004-04-15 2005-10-20 Cuevas Brian J Suture tester
CN101266204B (zh) * 2007-07-20 2011-03-16 方明 纱线绳带耐磨,针织绒线起球,雪尼尔线脱绒测定仪
CN101408535B (zh) * 2008-10-28 2012-06-27 天津工业大学 一种智能在线检测棉条条干均匀度的装置
US20120144896A1 (en) * 2009-08-12 2012-06-14 Dow Global Technologies Llc Apparatus to determine coefficient of friction
CN107024403A (zh) * 2017-04-12 2017-08-08 东华大学 一种通丝耐磨测试装置
CN107024403B (zh) * 2017-04-12 2019-06-04 东华大学 一种通丝耐磨测试装置
CN109187250A (zh) * 2018-09-27 2019-01-11 连云港纶洋单丝科技有限公司 单丝表层耐磨性能测试机
CN110261298A (zh) * 2019-07-18 2019-09-20 天津工业大学 一种纤维束间摩擦性能的测试方法
CN113447430A (zh) * 2020-03-25 2021-09-28 赣州西维尔金属材料科技有限公司 一种纤维表面镀层结合力测试装置及测试方法
CN113447430B (zh) * 2020-03-25 2023-07-18 赣州西维尔金属材料科技有限公司 一种纤维表面镀层结合力测试装置及测试方法
US11906487B1 (en) * 2021-12-15 2024-02-20 Fjord, Inc. Apparatus and method for abrasion testing

Also Published As

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DE2303607A1 (de) 1973-08-23
IT977676B (it) 1974-09-20
DE2303607C3 (de) 1975-11-27
DE2303607B2 (de) 1975-04-17
FR2174560A5 (ja) 1973-10-12

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