US3827216A - Scrubbing apparatus and method - Google Patents

Scrubbing apparatus and method Download PDF

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Publication number
US3827216A
US3827216A US00357673A US35767373A US3827216A US 3827216 A US3827216 A US 3827216A US 00357673 A US00357673 A US 00357673A US 35767373 A US35767373 A US 35767373A US 3827216 A US3827216 A US 3827216A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
liquid
gas
nozzle
scrubbing
trough
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00357673A
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English (en)
Inventor
E Mare
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MELIN D KREBS ENG
MELIN D KREBS ENG US
Original Assignee
MELIN D KREBS ENG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MELIN D KREBS ENG filed Critical MELIN D KREBS ENG
Priority to US00357673A priority Critical patent/US3827216A/en
Priority to ZA735456A priority patent/ZA735456B/xx
Priority to IL43005A priority patent/IL43005A/en
Priority to GB3907873A priority patent/GB1385829A/en
Priority to NL7311461A priority patent/NL7311461A/
Priority to CA179,277A priority patent/CA1000190A/en
Priority to BE135100A priority patent/BE804209A/xx
Priority to IT52463/73A priority patent/IT996158B/it
Priority to JP48105536A priority patent/JPS509170A/ja
Priority to FR7335904A priority patent/FR2228521A1/fr
Priority to AU61302/73A priority patent/AU485685B2/en
Priority to DE19732355368 priority patent/DE2355368A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3827216A publication Critical patent/US3827216A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
    • B01D47/02—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent by passing the gas or air or vapour over or through a liquid bath
    • B01D47/021—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent by passing the gas or air or vapour over or through a liquid bath by bubbling the gas through a liquid bath

Definitions

  • the nozzle is 2,004,467 6/1935 Hawley 55/95 X provided with shield means whereby the movement of 2.06l.3 4 1/ Bingman l t 261/119 R gas and entrained liquid from the trough-like region is Selway X confined
  • the method and apparatus makes 2 use of a plurality of such nozzles disposed side by side.
  • This invention relates generally to methods and apparatus for the scrubbing of gas with a liquid scrubbing medium, for the purpose of removing foreign material.
  • scrubbing apparatus is disclosed in South African Pat. No. 66/7061, entitled Improved Means for Carrying Out Gas Scrubbing Operations, in which a nozzle having a circular discharge opening is disposed in the upper part of a reservoir that is adapted to contain a body of scrubbing liquid underlying the nozzle.
  • the nozzle is provided with an annular shield near the lower end of the same and spaced above the liquid surface.
  • the gas to be scrubbed is discharged downwardly through the nozzle and caused to impinge upon the surface of the liquid. This causes a bowlshaped depression in the surface of the liquid, and the gas with entrained liquid is caused to discharge in radial directions from the region of depression and through the space underlying the annular shield.
  • an impingement screen is provided which depends from the annular periphery of the shield.
  • Suitable means such as an overflow wier is provided for maintaining the level of the liquid body substantially constant.
  • Another object is to obtain more effective impingement of the gas with the surface of the scrubbing liquid, thus promoting separating efficiency.
  • Another object is to make possible the manufacture of such gas scrubbers in relatively high capacity units, and to have the same characterized by low energy loss and high separating efficiency.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide apparatus which is simpler and more economical to manufacture than apparatus as shown in said South African Pat. and application Ser. No. 221,638.
  • the present method and apparatus makes use of a reservoir adapted to contain a body of scrubbing liquid.
  • At least one gas nozzle is disposed within the reservoir above the liquid surface, and this nozzle is arranged to discharge gas downwardly upon the surface of the liquid.
  • the lower end of this nozzle provides a relatively narrow and elongated discharge opening, or in other words a discharge opening which is relatively long compared to its width. Gas discharging through this opening against the surface of the liquid serves to depress the surface in a troughlike region.
  • the gas after impinging with the liquid body flows outwardly with entrained liquid in directions laterally from the sides of the trough-like region.
  • the nozzle is provided with shield means serving to confine the space between the same and the surface of the liquid, thereby confining the outward flow of gas and entrained liquid.
  • shield means serving to confine the space between the same and the surface of the liquid, thereby confining the outward flow of gas and entrained liquid.
  • a plurality of such nozzles are employed with the nozzles being disposed side by side to produce adjacent and parallel trough-like depressed regions.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevational view, partly in section, schematically illustrating scrubbing apparatus incorporating the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, with certain parts broken away.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged view looking toward one side of one of the nozzles.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 4-4 of FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged detail showing means for introducing scrubbing liquid into a nozzle.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates apparatus consistng of a reservoir or tank 10 adapted to contain a body 11 of water or other suitable scrubbing liquid. Suitable means are used to maintain the liquid at a constant level. This may consist of means for continuously introducing a small amount of liquid into the reservoir, together with a suitable overflow wier (not shown) that may be located on one side of the tank. As viewed in plan, the tank in this instance is rectangular shaped. The lower portions l2, l3 and 14 of the tank can be constructed to facilitate the settling out of solids. The walls forming these portions are convergent and the settled out solids may be removed from time to time through the connecting valve controlled pipes l6, l7 and 18.
  • nozzles 19 Within the reservoir and above the liquid body there is at least one and preferably a plurality of nozzles 19. The upper ends of these nozzles communicate through the top wall 21 of the reservoir, with the manifold 22 which receives gas which is to be scrubbed.
  • FIGS. 3-5 A suitable construction for the nozzles is shown in FIGS. 3-5.
  • the substantially flat side walls 23 are convergent downwardly and connected with end walls 24, which may likewise be downwardly convergent.
  • This provides a substantially rectangular shaped discharge opening or orifice 26 at the lower end of the nozzle.
  • the upper wall 27 of the nozzle which is attached to the side and end walls 23 and 24, is provided with a rectangular opening to receive the coupling duct 28, which is likewise rectangular as viewed in plan.
  • the shield means carried by the nozzle near its lower end is made in two portions 29.
  • Each portion can be made of suitable sheet metal attached to the side wall 23 of the nozzle, with the outer margin bent upwardly as shown at 31.
  • impingement means 32 which aids in the removal of material from the gas flow.
  • impingement means may be in the form of a screen of metal rods depending from the outer edges of the shield portions 29. Walls 33 are attached to the end walls 24 of the nozzle, and depend downwardly to enclose the ends of the space that are generally surrounded by the impingement screen 32 and the shield portions 29.
  • a pipe 34 may extend into the upper part of each nozzle, and beneath the discharge end of this pipe a distributing wier 36 can be provided to aid in distributing the introduced water over the length of the mozzle.
  • the gas is removed from the upper portion through the duct 37 and eliminator 38 (FIG. 2).
  • the exhaust duct as shown in FIG. 2 makes for low exhaust velocity and thus facilitates removal of liquid by the eliminator.
  • the method and operation of the apparatus is as follows:
  • the stream of gas to be treated which may be stack or exhaust gases containing dust particles, is supplied to the manifold 22 at a substantially constant static pressure, as for example by connecting the manifold to the discharge side of a blower.
  • Flow from the manifold 22 is distributed to the nozzles and flows downwardly through the nozzles 19 with increasing velocity.
  • the gas discharging from the lower ends of the nozzles impinges against the liquid to form trough-like depressions. These trough-like depressions are indicated at 39 in FIG. 1. Such impingement causes a scrubbing action on the gas, with separation and entrapment of solid dust particles in the liquid.
  • the gas flowing laterally and out from each depression 39 picks up and entrains liquid, whereby gas discharging laterally through the spaces 40 below the shield portions 29 is in fact gas with entrained liquid, or in other words, a gas-liquid mixture.
  • the liquid existing in this flow may be in part relatively thin liquid films and in part droplets of varying size. Turbulence is also present in this gas flow and in the spaces 40, with the result that there is effective contact of gas with surfaces of entrained liquid, thus promoting wetting of solid particles and entrainment of solid particles with liquid.
  • the velocity of the gas discharging from a nozzle is relatively high, the velocity decreases rapidly after initial impingement due to the expanding flow area.
  • Turbulent gas flow together with entrained liquid is also present in the spaces 41 between the nozzles and the shields, and from these spaces the gas flows upwardly for discharge through the eliminator 38.
  • the depending impingement screen 42 when used, functions to provide surfaces against which entrained liquid impacts, thus causing entrained liquid to be broken up into smaller droplets.
  • the screen provides vena contractae and venturi throats which further bring into contact the gases to be scrubbed and the liquid.
  • the relatively high scrubbing efficiency attained is attributed largely to the use of relatively narrow gas streams issuing from the nozzles, in contrast with the size required for a circular discharge opening of the same flow capacity.
  • the narrow elongated high velocity stream provides an effective liquid surface area in the depressed region which is substantially greater than a depressed bowl-shaped surface formed by a circular nozzle opening, for the same flow capacity. This makes for more effective contact between the gas and the liquid surface, and more effective scrubbing action.
  • the nozzle construction herein described is relatively simple and inexpensive to manufacture.
  • the invention has been described as applicable to the separation of dust particles from gases, it is also applicable where it is desired to remove gaseous pollutants from industrial waste gases by scrubbing action with water or other liquid. In some instances both solid dust particles may be removed together with absorption of gases. Also the invention can be used where it is desired to effect aeration of a liquid medium, as for example the introduction of atmospheric air or oxygen into water. In addition it can be used to promote chemical reactions between liquids and gases. All of the foregoing is embraced in what is commonly known as a scrubbing action.
  • the nozzles can be constructed to provide discharge openings 26 that are about 2 inches wide and 4 feet long.
  • the gas may discharge from these openings at velocities within a wide range of say 8,000 to 30,000 feet per minute, with effective removal of solid dust particles.
  • a method of scrubbing gas with a scrubbing liquid making use of a liquid body together with means for directing and discharging gas to be scrubbed against the surface of the body and shielding means overlying the surface of the liquid, the method comprising directing the flow of gas downwardly toward the surface of the liquid body with increasing velocity to cause impingement upon the liquid surface over a horizontal area extending longitudinally for a distance many times its width, the flow velocity against the liquid being such as to cause the liquid surface to be depressed in a trough-like region with entrainment of scrubbing liquid from the body and with free flight of such entrained liquid laterally from the depressed trough-like region, and confining the vertical dimension of the spaces along the sides of such depressed trough-like region by said shield means whereby flow of gas with entrained liquid occurs in directions laterally from said trough-like region between the surface of the liquid and the corresponding shield means.
  • shield means mounted upon the nozzle adjacent the lower end of the same, portions of said shield means extending in a general horizontal direction from said converging side walls, discharge of gas from said nozzle being caused to impinge upon the surface of the liquid to depress the same in a longitudinally extending trough-like region immediately underlying the nozzle, said shield means serving to provide confined spaces between the same and the surface of the liquid on both sides of the nozzle whereby gas after impingement with the liquid body flows outwardly with entrained liquid through the confined spaces to promote scrubbing action between the gas and liquid.
  • Apparatus as in claim 4 in which a plurality of said nozzles are provided, said nozzles being disposed side by side whereby the discharge of gas from said devices serves to depress the liquid surface in parallel troughlike regions.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Separation Of Particles Using Liquids (AREA)
US00357673A 1973-05-07 1973-05-07 Scrubbing apparatus and method Expired - Lifetime US3827216A (en)

Priority Applications (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00357673A US3827216A (en) 1973-05-07 1973-05-07 Scrubbing apparatus and method
ZA735456A ZA735456B (en) 1973-05-07 1973-08-10 Scrubbing apparatus and method
IL43005A IL43005A (en) 1973-05-07 1973-08-16 Method and apparatus for scrubbing gases
GB3907873A GB1385829A (en) 1973-05-07 1973-08-17 Scrubbing apparatus
NL7311461A NL7311461A (hu) 1973-05-07 1973-08-20
CA179,277A CA1000190A (en) 1973-05-07 1973-08-21 Scrubbing apparatus and method
BE135100A BE804209A (fr) 1973-05-07 1973-08-30 Procede et appareil d'epuration de gaz avec un liquide
IT52463/73A IT996158B (it) 1973-05-07 1973-09-11 Procedimento e dispositivo per il lavaggio di gas con un mezzo liquido
JP48105536A JPS509170A (hu) 1973-05-07 1973-09-20
FR7335904A FR2228521A1 (hu) 1973-05-07 1973-10-08
AU61302/73A AU485685B2 (en) 1973-05-07 1973-10-11 Scrubbing apparatus and method
DE19732355368 DE2355368A1 (de) 1973-05-07 1973-11-06 Vorrichtung zur gasreinigung

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00357673A US3827216A (en) 1973-05-07 1973-05-07 Scrubbing apparatus and method

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3827216A true US3827216A (en) 1974-08-06

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00357673A Expired - Lifetime US3827216A (en) 1973-05-07 1973-05-07 Scrubbing apparatus and method

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US3827216A (hu)
JP (1) JPS509170A (hu)
BE (1) BE804209A (hu)
CA (1) CA1000190A (hu)
DE (1) DE2355368A1 (hu)
FR (1) FR2228521A1 (hu)
GB (1) GB1385829A (hu)
IL (1) IL43005A (hu)
IT (1) IT996158B (hu)
NL (1) NL7311461A (hu)
ZA (1) ZA735456B (hu)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4205968A (en) * 1975-11-04 1980-06-03 The De Laval Separator Company Method and apparatus for separating dust from air streams
FR2586108A1 (fr) * 1985-08-07 1987-02-13 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede et dispositif pour la mesure en continu en fonction du temps de la concentration d'aerosols dans un gaz
US4797132A (en) * 1987-07-07 1989-01-10 Vanvlack Edward E Gas control apparatus
WO1989008492A1 (en) * 1988-03-17 1989-09-21 App Armerade Plastprodukter Ab Method for eliminating volatile impurities in gas
EP0509521A1 (en) * 1991-04-19 1992-10-21 Outokumpu Research Oy Multigas scrubber
FR2707521A1 (fr) * 1993-07-13 1995-01-20 Cote Jean Epurateur de gaz perfectionné.
US5773621A (en) * 1994-06-13 1998-06-30 Chiyoda Corporation Gas dispersion pipe for gas-liquid contact, and device for gas-liquid contact making use thereof
US6805734B1 (en) * 1999-09-30 2004-10-19 Outokumpu Oyj Compact cascade scrubber for scrubbing exhaust gas
GB2420726A (en) * 2004-12-02 2006-06-07 Mohammad Al-Amin Bamalli Water air filter
US20110061541A1 (en) * 2009-06-23 2011-03-17 Hung Chih Corporation Limited Combustible energy filtering and recycling system
CN103691220A (zh) * 2013-03-05 2014-04-02 牟继才 烟尘水化器

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2004467A (en) * 1932-02-02 1935-06-11 Centrifix Corp Scrubber
US2061344A (en) * 1936-11-17 Air conditioning apparatus
US3456928A (en) * 1967-05-24 1969-07-22 Chemical Construction Corp Combined blast furnace scrubber and dust catcher
US3524631A (en) * 1966-11-22 1970-08-18 Ernest Mare Means for carrying out gas scrubbing operations
US3745745A (en) * 1972-01-28 1973-07-17 Melvin J Scrubbing apparatus and method

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2061344A (en) * 1936-11-17 Air conditioning apparatus
US2004467A (en) * 1932-02-02 1935-06-11 Centrifix Corp Scrubber
US3524631A (en) * 1966-11-22 1970-08-18 Ernest Mare Means for carrying out gas scrubbing operations
US3456928A (en) * 1967-05-24 1969-07-22 Chemical Construction Corp Combined blast furnace scrubber and dust catcher
US3745745A (en) * 1972-01-28 1973-07-17 Melvin J Scrubbing apparatus and method

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4205968A (en) * 1975-11-04 1980-06-03 The De Laval Separator Company Method and apparatus for separating dust from air streams
FR2586108A1 (fr) * 1985-08-07 1987-02-13 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede et dispositif pour la mesure en continu en fonction du temps de la concentration d'aerosols dans un gaz
EP0213031A2 (fr) * 1985-08-07 1987-03-04 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Procédé et dispositif pour la mesure en continu en fonction du temps de la concentration d'aérosols dans un gaz
EP0213031A3 (en) * 1985-08-07 1989-04-05 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Method and device for the continuous measurement of the concentration of aerosols in a gas
US4797132A (en) * 1987-07-07 1989-01-10 Vanvlack Edward E Gas control apparatus
WO1989008492A1 (en) * 1988-03-17 1989-09-21 App Armerade Plastprodukter Ab Method for eliminating volatile impurities in gas
EP0509521A1 (en) * 1991-04-19 1992-10-21 Outokumpu Research Oy Multigas scrubber
AU652617B2 (en) * 1991-04-19 1994-09-01 Outokumpu Research Oy Multigas scrubber
FR2707521A1 (fr) * 1993-07-13 1995-01-20 Cote Jean Epurateur de gaz perfectionné.
US5773621A (en) * 1994-06-13 1998-06-30 Chiyoda Corporation Gas dispersion pipe for gas-liquid contact, and device for gas-liquid contact making use thereof
US6805734B1 (en) * 1999-09-30 2004-10-19 Outokumpu Oyj Compact cascade scrubber for scrubbing exhaust gas
GB2420726A (en) * 2004-12-02 2006-06-07 Mohammad Al-Amin Bamalli Water air filter
US20110061541A1 (en) * 2009-06-23 2011-03-17 Hung Chih Corporation Limited Combustible energy filtering and recycling system
US8262786B2 (en) * 2009-06-23 2012-09-11 Hung Chih Corporation Limited Combustible energy filtering and recycling system
CN103691220A (zh) * 2013-03-05 2014-04-02 牟继才 烟尘水化器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2228521A1 (hu) 1974-12-06
NL7311461A (hu) 1974-11-11
GB1385829A (en) 1975-03-05
AU6130273A (en) 1975-04-17
IT996158B (it) 1975-12-10
IL43005A (en) 1976-08-31
ZA735456B (en) 1974-06-26
CA1000190A (en) 1976-11-23
BE804209A (fr) 1973-12-17
DE2355368A1 (de) 1974-11-21
IL43005A0 (en) 1973-11-28
JPS509170A (hu) 1975-01-30

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