US3826246A - Apparatus for sensing physiological potentials - Google Patents

Apparatus for sensing physiological potentials Download PDF

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Publication number
US3826246A
US3826246A US00337262A US33726273A US3826246A US 3826246 A US3826246 A US 3826246A US 00337262 A US00337262 A US 00337262A US 33726273 A US33726273 A US 33726273A US 3826246 A US3826246 A US 3826246A
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United States
Prior art keywords
electrically connected
electrode
band
electrical conductor
amplifier
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00337262A
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English (en)
Inventor
W Raddi
R Johnson
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ESB Inc
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ESB Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by ESB Inc filed Critical ESB Inc
Priority to US00337262A priority Critical patent/US3826246A/en
Priority to CA170,144A priority patent/CA995765A/en
Priority to DE2322835A priority patent/DE2322835A1/de
Priority to FR7327036A priority patent/FR2220227B1/fr
Priority to BE134051A priority patent/BE803004A/xx
Priority to IT52192/73A priority patent/IT990332B/it
Priority to JP48108881A priority patent/JPS49119494A/ja
Priority to NL7314117A priority patent/NL7314117A/xx
Priority to GB911774A priority patent/GB1445261A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3826246A publication Critical patent/US3826246A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/30—Input circuits therefor
    • A61B5/307—Input circuits therefor specially adapted for particular uses
    • A61B5/308—Input circuits therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electrocardiography [ECG]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/30—Input circuits therefor
    • A61B5/303—Patient cord assembly, e.g. cable harness

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in sensing means and electrode systems. More specifically, the invention relates to sensing means and electrode systems for detecting or picking up physiological potentials of a living body and as such sensing means and electrode systems are used in conjunction with a recording or measuring instrument or with an amplifier, which may form a part of such an instrument, and which is used to amplify the physiological potentials.
  • the monitor'apparatusdisclosed in the above identified application comprises a transducer including electrode means which are used to sense the physiological signals of the patient.
  • the transducer processes the sensed signals for transmission over a communication link, as for example, a standard telephone communication network.
  • a receiver typically located at a remote telephone station such as a cardiologists office, receives the transmitted information which is thereafter used by the cardiologist for diagnostic purposes.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of the modification to one of the two wrist band electrodes in accordance with the invention to facilitate the three electrode configuration of FIG. 2;
  • FIGS. 4, 5, and 6 show an actual implementation of the stretch wrist band electrode system in accordance with the invention.
  • the amplifier 31 signal ground terminal 36 connected to, for example, the right ankle of the patient via an electrode-37
  • a reduction in error proportional to the common mode rejection capability of the amplifier 31 is realized.
  • the interface impedance Z, between the right ankle electrode 37 and the right ankle is also 1 megohm, therefore, the common mode percentage error in voltage measurement of E would be 10 millivolts as before.
  • the amplifiers common mode rejection capability typically 60 db or greater will reduce this percentage error by 60 db, or by a factor of 1,000 to 0.01 millivolts.
  • the electrode 37 commonly called an indifferent electrode, is to physically and electrically connect the signal ground terminal 36 of amplifier 31 to the patient so as to reduce the common mode voltage existing between the patient and the amplifier 31.
  • the impracticability of using a three electrode system configuration as depicted in FIG. 2 with an unaided patient is obvious.
  • the sensing means or electrode system in accordance with the invention acquires 5 the same performance capability of the three discreet electrode configuration of FIG. 2 using only two discreet electrodes.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of the modification to one of the two electrodes 18 and20 in accordance with the invention, to facilitate the three electrode configuration of FIG. 2.
  • This modification to one of the electrodes l8 and 20 provides two independent connections, one for the amplifier negative input terminal 34 and one for the amplifier signal ground terminal 36.
  • shielded cable 40 interconnecting the left wrist of the patient to the positive input terminal 32 of amplifier 31 and a second shielded cable 42 interconnecting the right wrist of the patient to the negative input terminal 34 of the amplifier 31.
  • the shielded cables 40 and 42 each comprise an inner electrical conductor 62 and a braided outer electrical conductor 64 which are insulated from one another. It will be noted that the braided conductors 64 of shielded cables 40 and 42 are interconnected by lead wire 44 and that each of them are in turn connected to the signal ground terminal 36 of amplifier 30 via lead 37.
  • the electrodes 18 and 20 are shown in FIG. 3 in the form of arm or wrist bands and each comprises a metallic stretch band similar to watch band having its opposite ends interconnected by an electrode assembly 52.
  • the wrist or arm bands 18 and 20 and assemblies 52 are each arranged for contact with the skin surfaces of the arms or wrists of the patient.
  • Each assembly 52 comprises an upper metallic plate portion 54 and a lower metallic plate portion 56. It will be noted, however, that the electrode assembly 52 of arm or wrist band 20 differs slightly from that of arm or wrist band 18.
  • the electrode assembly 52 of arm or wrist band 20 is provided with an opening in the upper metallic plate 54 and interposed between the upper plate 54 and the lower plate 56 is a member or piece of electrically insulating material 58 which is also provided with an opening 60 therethrough.
  • the insulating material 58 is not present in arm or wrist band 18 and the upper and lower portions 54 and 56, respectively, are physically and electrically connected to each other and to the stretch band 50.
  • the braided outer conductor 64 of shielded cable 40 is not electrically connected to the stretch band 50 nor to the electrode assembly 52 and only the inner electrical conductor 62 is electrically connected to the electrode assembly 52 and thus to the stretch band 50.
  • the braided outer conductor 64 of shielded cable 42 is electrically connected via lead 66 tothe stretch band 50 and the inner electrical conductor 62 is electrically connected to the lower metallic plate 56.
  • FIGS. 4, 5, and 6 there is shown an actual implementation of the stretch arm or wrist band electrode system in accordance with the invention.
  • the arm or wrist electrode is again shown generally at 20; the stretch band isshown at 50; the shielded cable at 42; the inner conductor of the shielded cable at 62 which terminates at one end in an amplifierconnector 70, and at the opposite end in a lug connector 71; the outer braided conductor at 64 which terminates at one end in an amplifier connector 72 and at the opposite end in a lug connector 73; and the electrode assembly generally at 52 comprising the upper metallic plate 54, the lower metallic plate 56 and the insulation material as block 58.
  • the upper plate 54 is fastened to the insulating block 58 at its upper portion by means of screws 74 and 75.
  • Lower plate 56 is fastened to insulation block 58 at its lower portion by means of a threaded pin 76 formed with the plate 56or welded thereto, and a nut 78.
  • a metallic lock washer 81 and an electrical connector 82 are interposed between nut 78 and the surface 80 of insulation material 58 onto which lug connector 71 is snapped or otherwise secured.
  • Another metallic lock washer 83 and an electrical connector 84 is shown interposed between the upper plate 54 and the surfaces 85 of a recessed portion 86 provided in the left side of the insulation material 58 as viewed in FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • the connector 72 of braided conductor 64 is snapped onto orotherwise secured to electrical connector 84.
  • the arm or wrist electrodes 18 and 20 are identical, however, in the arm or wrist electrode 18 the braided conductor 64 is cut off as at point 88 in FIG. 4 and, therefore, is not connected to the electrical connector 84. In fact, the electrical connector 84 is not present or utilized in the arm or wrist electrode 18.
  • FIG. 7 there is diagrammatically illustrated a modification to the electrode system of the invention wherein a pair of resistors R and R, are eIec-- trically connected between the shielded conductors 64 and the stretch'bands 50. While the insulation material 58, the wrist bands 50 and the shielded cable 42 are illustrated somewhat differently in FIG. 7 than in FIGS. 3-6, they are electrically equivalent to those. shown in FIGS. 3-6. Also, in FIG. 7, both arm or wrist band electrodes are identical, that is, they are both identical to that shown at 20 in FIG. 3.
  • resistors R and R need not necessarily be the same but the sum of the two must be large compared with the impedance of the patient between his right arm and left arm, as for example, R plus R must be greater than 500 ohms which typically represents the body fluid impedance between the right arm and left arm of the patient neglecting contact impedance (2,) between the electrodes and the skin surfaces of the patients body.
  • R plus R must be in the range from about 1,000 ohms to about 20,000 ohms.
  • FIG. 8 there is diagrammatically illustrated a modification of the electrode system of the invention shown in FIG. 7 wherein the pair of resistors R and R are electrically connected between the braided conductors 64 of shielded cable 42 and the stretch wrist bands 50 at the amplifier end via signal ground terminal 36 and leads and 82 connected, respectively, between the braidedconductors 64 of the left and right stretch bands 50.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 is the equivalent of that shown in FIG. 7.
  • both R, and R may be replaced by a short circuit if a sufficient resistance is present due to the contact impedance between the stretch bands 50 and the skin surfaces of the patient, but, since the contact resistance or impedance between the stretch bands 50 and the skin surfaces of the patient cannot be assured of being of any given value, the use of resistors R and R is preferred.
  • the invention in its broadest aspects comprises apparatus for sensing or picking up physiological potentials of a living body which when used in conjunction with an instrument for amplifying or measuring these potentials provides three independent electrical connections between the living body and the instrument utilized, but does so utilizing only two discreet sensing or pick-up means.
  • the wrist or arm electrodes 18 and 20 including the stretch bands 50 and the electrode assemblies 52 have thus far been described as metallic, if desired, they may be completely or partially be fabricated of any suitable electrically conductive material, as for example, an electrically conductive plastic material or carbon.
  • the stretch bands 50 of wrist or arm electrodes 18 and 20 may be in the form of flexible bracelets for only partially encircling the wrists or arms of the patient, and, for that matter, are not restricted for use on the arms or wrists of the living body but may be constructed and arranged to wholly or partially encircle any appropriate part of the living body.
  • the stretch bands 50 themselves, they may actually be fabricated of an electrically insulating material such as a rubber band for completely encircling a body part or a rubber bracelet for only partially encircling the body part.
  • one of the rubber bands or bracelets i.e., the equivalent of 18, would have an electrically conductive electrode, such as the electrode 52, mounted thereon for contact with the skin surfaces of the living body and the electrode would be provided with any suitable electrical connector for electrical connection to the instrument being utilized; in the case of the other rubber band or bracelet, i.e., the equivalent of 20, there would be mounted thereon for contact with the skin surfaces of the living body, two spaced apart electrically conductive electrodes, such as 56 and each of the electrodes would be provided with any suitable electrical connector for electrical connection via electrical conductors, such as shielded cables 40 or 42, appropriately connected to the instrument being utilized.
  • the resistors R and R may be utilized as they are described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.
  • the electrode system of the invention is especially useful with the monitor apparatus described in the above identified co-pending application.
  • the electrode system of the invention permits the patient to completely relax while physiological measurements are being taken as there is nothing that the patient must hold or grasp during the measurement process.
  • much of the electrical noise introduced into the measurement process due to the normal requirement that a patient grasp electrodes, which noise emanates from muscle tension of the patient is eliminated.
  • use of the electrode system of the invention permits the patient freedom of movement which may be required for obtaining other measurements.
  • An electrode system for use with an instrument constructed and arranged for the measurement of physiological potentials of a patient wherein the instrument has at least three input terminals, one being a positive input terminal, one being a negative input terminal and one being a signal ground terminal, the electrode system comprising:
  • one end of the first electrical conductor being electrically connected to the first electrode and the opposite end thereof being connected to the positive input terminal of the instrument;
  • a second band for encircling another part of the body of the patient and having a second and third electrode located thereon;
  • An electrode system for use with an amplifier adapted for the measurement of physiological potentials of a patient wherein the amplifier has three input terminals, one being a positive input terminal, one being a negative input terminal and one being a signal ground terminal, the electrode system comprising:
  • first electrical conductor being electrically connected to the first conductive band and the opposite end thereof being (for) electrically (interconnecting the first conductive band with the) connected to the positive input terminal of the amplifier
  • a second conductive band having its opposite ends interconnected by an electrode assembly, the second conductive band and the electrode assembly each being constructed and arranged for physical and electrical contact with the skin surfaces of a limb of the patient, the electrode assembly comprising:
  • iii a member of electrically insulating material interposed between the upper and lower conductive plates; the upper conductive plate of the electrode assembly being electrically connected to the second conductive band.
  • a second electrical conductor having opposite ends, one end of the second electrical conductor being electrically connected to the lower conductive plate and the opposite end thereof being (for) electrically (interconnecting the lower conductive plate) connected to the negative input terminal of the amplifier;
  • a third electrical conductor having opposite ends, one end of the third electrical conductor being electrically connected to the upper conductive plate and the opposite end thereof being (for) electrically (interconnecting the upper conductive plate) connected to the signal ground terminal of the amplifier.
  • An electrode system for use with an amplifier constructed and arranged for the amplification of physiological potentials of a patient wherein the amplifier has three input terminals, one being a positive input terminal, one being a negative input terminal and one being a signal ground terminal, the electrode system comprisa. a first metallic stretch band having its opposite ends interconnected by a first electrode assembly,
  • the first metallic stretch band and at least one portion of the first electrode assembly being constructed and arranged for physical and electrical contact with the skin surfaces of a limb of the patient, the first electrode assembly comprising:
  • a first block of electrically insulating material interposed between the first upper and lower metallic plate portions, the first upper metallic plate portion being secured to an upper portion of the block of insulating material and the first lower metallic plate portion being secured to a lower portion of the first block of insulating material, the first upper metallic plate portion being physically and electrically connected to the opposite ends of the first metallic stretch band;
  • a first cable having first and second electrical conductors, the first and second electrical conductors being insulated from one another, the first electrical conductor being electrically connected at one end thereof to the first lower metallic plate portion and the opposite end thereof being (constructed and arranged for electrical connection) electrically connected to the positive input terminal of the amplifier,
  • a second metallic stretch band having its opposite ends interconnected by a second electrode assembly, the second metallic stretch band and at least one portion of the second electrode assembly being constructed and arranged for physical and electrical contact with the skin surfaces of a limb of the patient, the second electrode assembly.
  • a second block of electrically insulating material interposed between the second upper and lower metallic plate portions, the second upper metallic plate being secured to an upper portion of the second block of insulating material and the second lower metallic plate portion being secured to a lower portion of the second block of insulating material, the second upper metallic plate portion being physically and electrically connected to the opposite ends of the second metallic stretch band;
  • a second cable having first and second electrical conductors, the first and second electrical conductors of the second cable being insulated from one another, the first electrical conductor of the second cable being electrically connected at one end thereof to the second lower metallic plate portion and the opposite end thereof being (constructed and arranged for electrical connection) electrically connected to the negative input terminal of the amplifier, the second electrical conductor of the second cable being electrically connected at one end thereof to the second metallic stretch band and the opposite end thereof being (constructed and arranged for electrical connection) electrically connected to the signal ground terminal of the amplifier.
  • An electrode system as defined in claim 7 including a first resistor connected to the said opposite end of the second electrical conductor of the first cable, wherein the said opposite end of the second electrical conductor of the first cable is electrically connected to the signal ground terminal of the amplifier via said first resistor, and a second resistor connected to the said opposite end of the second electrical conductor of the second cable, wherein the said opposite end of the second electrical conductor of the second cable is electrically connected to the signal ground terminal of the amplifier via said second resistor.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)
US00337262A 1973-03-07 1973-03-07 Apparatus for sensing physiological potentials Expired - Lifetime US3826246A (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00337262A US3826246A (en) 1973-03-07 1973-03-07 Apparatus for sensing physiological potentials
CA170,144A CA995765A (en) 1973-03-07 1973-05-01 Apparatus for sensing physiological potentials
DE2322835A DE2322835A1 (de) 1973-03-07 1973-05-07 Vorrichtung zur messung physiologischer potentiale
FR7327036A FR2220227B1 (ja) 1973-03-07 1973-07-24
BE134051A BE803004A (fr) 1973-03-07 1973-07-30 Appareil de detection de fotentiels electriques physiologiques
IT52192/73A IT990332B (it) 1973-03-07 1973-08-27 Perfezionamenti negli apparecchi per la rivelazione di potenziali biologici
JP48108881A JPS49119494A (ja) 1973-03-07 1973-09-27
NL7314117A NL7314117A (ja) 1973-03-07 1973-10-12
GB911774A GB1445261A (en) 1973-03-07 1974-02-28 Apparatus for sensing physiological potentials

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US00337262A US3826246A (en) 1973-03-07 1973-03-07 Apparatus for sensing physiological potentials

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JP (1) JPS49119494A (ja)
BE (1) BE803004A (ja)
CA (1) CA995765A (ja)
DE (1) DE2322835A1 (ja)
FR (1) FR2220227B1 (ja)
GB (1) GB1445261A (ja)
IT (1) IT990332B (ja)
NL (1) NL7314117A (ja)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3868947A (en) * 1973-10-16 1975-03-04 Us Government Concentric electrode construction for an electrocardiogram transmitter
US4120294A (en) * 1976-08-26 1978-10-17 Wolfe Donna L Electrode system for acquiring electrical signals from the heart
US4122843A (en) * 1977-08-10 1978-10-31 Electro-Technics, Inc. Electrode system for a heart rate monitor
US4155354A (en) * 1976-03-29 1979-05-22 Rasmussen Steen B Disposable electromedical electrode and a set of such electrodes
US4367752A (en) * 1980-04-30 1983-01-11 Biotechnology, Inc. Apparatus for testing physical condition of a subject
EP0442774A1 (fr) * 1990-01-31 1991-08-21 Françoise Espinasse Ensemble d'électrodes destiné à l'établissement d'un électrocardiogramme
US20040220485A1 (en) * 2003-04-17 2004-11-04 Polar Electro Oy Method and device for measuring heart rate, and method for manufacturing the device
US20050027200A1 (en) * 2003-07-30 2005-02-03 Yu-Yu Chen Watch-typed heartbeat sensing device
US20050239075A1 (en) * 2003-04-03 2005-10-27 Pioneer Corporation Living body information detecting device, contact member used therefor, and living body information detecting member-use paint
US20070078324A1 (en) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-05 Textronics, Inc. Physiological Monitoring Wearable Having Three Electrodes
US20070127187A1 (en) * 2005-03-16 2007-06-07 Textronics, Inc. Textile-based electrode
US20080143080A1 (en) * 2006-10-27 2008-06-19 Textronics, Inc. Wearable article with band portion adapted to include textile-based electrodes and method of making such article
US7665288B2 (en) 2005-08-16 2010-02-23 Textronics, Inc. Energy active composite yarn, methods for making the same and articles incorporating the same
US20110259638A1 (en) * 2010-04-27 2011-10-27 Textronics, Inc. Textile-based electrodes incorporating graduated patterns
US9757071B1 (en) * 2016-04-29 2017-09-12 Bayer Healthcare Llc System and method for suppressing noise from electrocardiographic (ECG) signals
US9918678B2 (en) * 2016-01-05 2018-03-20 Tosense, Inc. Physiological monitoring system featuring floormat and wired handheld sensor
CN111132612A (zh) * 2017-09-26 2020-05-08 诺基亚技术有限公司 用于感测生物信号的设备

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JPS55151945A (en) * 1979-05-09 1980-11-26 Medtronic Inc Device for monitoring heart beat
DE2925909C2 (de) * 1979-06-27 1981-11-05 Ingeborg Nieß Elektromedizinische Apparate, 7906 Blaustein Elektrodenvorrichtung zur Abnahme elektro-physiologischer Spannungen

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DE687916C (de) * 1936-11-05 1940-02-08 Heinz Boucke sondere in menschlichen Koerperteilen
CH274612A (de) * 1949-06-13 1951-04-15 Felix Dr Schennetten Elektrodenanordnung an Elektrokardiographen.
US3043291A (en) * 1960-07-01 1962-07-10 David I Nielsen Chair for taking cardiograms
US3490442A (en) * 1966-02-09 1970-01-20 Hellige & Co Gmbh F Electrode with contact-forming suction cup means
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US3721246A (en) * 1970-12-10 1973-03-20 Thomas & Betts Corp Applicator electrodes with a very thin non-metallic, current distributing layer

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Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3868947A (en) * 1973-10-16 1975-03-04 Us Government Concentric electrode construction for an electrocardiogram transmitter
US4155354A (en) * 1976-03-29 1979-05-22 Rasmussen Steen B Disposable electromedical electrode and a set of such electrodes
US4120294A (en) * 1976-08-26 1978-10-17 Wolfe Donna L Electrode system for acquiring electrical signals from the heart
US4122843A (en) * 1977-08-10 1978-10-31 Electro-Technics, Inc. Electrode system for a heart rate monitor
US4367752A (en) * 1980-04-30 1983-01-11 Biotechnology, Inc. Apparatus for testing physical condition of a subject
EP0442774A1 (fr) * 1990-01-31 1991-08-21 Françoise Espinasse Ensemble d'électrodes destiné à l'établissement d'un électrocardiogramme
US20050239075A1 (en) * 2003-04-03 2005-10-27 Pioneer Corporation Living body information detecting device, contact member used therefor, and living body information detecting member-use paint
US20040220485A1 (en) * 2003-04-17 2004-11-04 Polar Electro Oy Method and device for measuring heart rate, and method for manufacturing the device
US7171259B2 (en) * 2003-04-17 2007-01-30 Polar Electro Oy Method and device for measuring heart rate, and method for manufacturing the device
US20050027200A1 (en) * 2003-07-30 2005-02-03 Yu-Yu Chen Watch-typed heartbeat sensing device
US6950695B2 (en) * 2003-07-30 2005-09-27 Yu-Yu Chen Watch-typed heartbeat sensing device
US20080045808A1 (en) * 2005-03-16 2008-02-21 Textronics Inc. Textile-based electrode
US7966052B2 (en) 2005-03-16 2011-06-21 Textronics, Inc. Textile-based electrode
US7308294B2 (en) 2005-03-16 2007-12-11 Textronics Inc. Textile-based electrode system
US8214008B2 (en) 2005-03-16 2012-07-03 Textronics, Inc. Textile-based electrode
US7970451B2 (en) 2005-03-16 2011-06-28 Textronics, Inc. Textile-based electrode
US7474910B2 (en) 2005-03-16 2009-01-06 Textronics Inc. Textile-based electrode
US20090112079A1 (en) * 2005-03-16 2009-04-30 Textronics, Inc. Textile-based electrode
US20070127187A1 (en) * 2005-03-16 2007-06-07 Textronics, Inc. Textile-based electrode
US7665288B2 (en) 2005-08-16 2010-02-23 Textronics, Inc. Energy active composite yarn, methods for making the same and articles incorporating the same
US20070078324A1 (en) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-05 Textronics, Inc. Physiological Monitoring Wearable Having Three Electrodes
US7878030B2 (en) 2006-10-27 2011-02-01 Textronics, Inc. Wearable article with band portion adapted to include textile-based electrodes and method of making such article
US20080143080A1 (en) * 2006-10-27 2008-06-19 Textronics, Inc. Wearable article with band portion adapted to include textile-based electrodes and method of making such article
US8082762B2 (en) 2006-10-27 2011-12-27 Textronics, Inc. Wearable article with band portion adapted to include textile-based electrodes and method of making such article
US20110259638A1 (en) * 2010-04-27 2011-10-27 Textronics, Inc. Textile-based electrodes incorporating graduated patterns
US8443634B2 (en) * 2010-04-27 2013-05-21 Textronics, Inc. Textile-based electrodes incorporating graduated patterns
US9918678B2 (en) * 2016-01-05 2018-03-20 Tosense, Inc. Physiological monitoring system featuring floormat and wired handheld sensor
US9757071B1 (en) * 2016-04-29 2017-09-12 Bayer Healthcare Llc System and method for suppressing noise from electrocardiographic (ECG) signals
CN111132612A (zh) * 2017-09-26 2020-05-08 诺基亚技术有限公司 用于感测生物信号的设备
CN111132612B (zh) * 2017-09-26 2023-06-30 诺基亚技术有限公司 用于感测生物信号的设备

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Publication number Publication date
CA995765A (en) 1976-08-24
NL7314117A (ja) 1974-09-10
DE2322835A1 (de) 1974-09-19
IT990332B (it) 1975-06-20
FR2220227B1 (ja) 1977-02-18
GB1445261A (en) 1976-08-11
BE803004A (fr) 1974-01-30
FR2220227A1 (ja) 1974-10-04
JPS49119494A (ja) 1974-11-14

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