US3825493A - Peritoneal artificial kidney - Google Patents

Peritoneal artificial kidney Download PDF

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Publication number
US3825493A
US3825493A US00293474A US29347472A US3825493A US 3825493 A US3825493 A US 3825493A US 00293474 A US00293474 A US 00293474A US 29347472 A US29347472 A US 29347472A US 3825493 A US3825493 A US 3825493A
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peritoneal
fluid
cavity
blood
solution
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00293474A
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English (en)
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C Brown
M Frommer
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T-HYDRONAUTICS Inc A CORP OF TX
Tracor Hydronautics Inc
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Hydronautics
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Priority to US00161864A priority Critical patent/US3799873A/en
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Priority to US00293474A priority patent/US3825493A/en
Priority to DE2321188A priority patent/DE2321188A1/de
Priority to DE2321168A priority patent/DE2321168A1/de
Priority to GB229874A priority patent/GB1455772A/en
Priority to FR7401730A priority patent/FR2258189B1/fr
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Assigned to T-HYDRONAUTICS, INC., A CORP. OF TX reassignment T-HYDRONAUTICS, INC., A CORP. OF TX ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: HYDRONAUTICS, INCORPORATED A CORP. OF MD
Assigned to TRACOR HYDRONAUTICS reassignment TRACOR HYDRONAUTICS CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: T-HYDRONAUTICS, INC.
Assigned to TORONTO-DOMINION BANK, THE, AS AGENT reassignment TORONTO-DOMINION BANK, THE, AS AGENT SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: TRACOR, INC.,
Assigned to BANK OF AMERICA NATIONAL TRUST AND SAVINGS ASSOCIATION reassignment BANK OF AMERICA NATIONAL TRUST AND SAVINGS ASSOCIATION SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: TORONTO-DOMINION BANK, TRACOR, INC.
Assigned to BANK OF AMERICA NATIONAL TRUST AND SAVINGS ASSOCIATION reassignment BANK OF AMERICA NATIONAL TRUST AND SAVINGS ASSOCIATION SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: TRACOR, INC.
Assigned to BANK OF AMERICA AS AGENT reassignment BANK OF AMERICA AS AGENT SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: TORONTO-DOMINION BANK, THE
Assigned to TORONTO-DOMINION BANK, THE reassignment TORONTO-DOMINION BANK, THE SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LITTLEFUSE, INC., TRACOR AEROSPACE, INC., TRACOR APPLIED SCIENCES, INC., TRACOR ATLAS, INC., TRACOR AVIATION, INC., TRACOR CUSTOM PRODUCTS, TRACOR FLIGHT SERVICES, INC., TRACOR FLIGHT SYSTEMS, INC., TRACOR HYDRONAUTICS, INC., TRACOR HYDRO-SERVICES, INC., TRACOR INSTRUMENTS AUSTIN, INC., TRACOR JITCO, INC., TRACOR MARINE, INC., TRACOR NORTHERN, INC., TRACOR XRAY, INC., TRACOR, INC., WESTRONICS, INCORPORATED OF TEXAS
Assigned to BANK OF AMERICA NATIONAL TRUST AND SAVINGS ASSOCIATION reassignment BANK OF AMERICA NATIONAL TRUST AND SAVINGS ASSOCIATION SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: TRACOR INC.
Assigned to BANK OF AMERICA NATIONAL TRUST AND SAVINGS ASSOCIATION, reassignment BANK OF AMERICA NATIONAL TRUST AND SAVINGS ASSOCIATION, SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: TRACOR HOLDINGS, INC., TRACOR, INC., AND OTHERS INDICATED ON SCHEDULE SA
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Assigned to TRACOR, INC. reassignment TRACOR, INC. RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BANK OF AMERICA NATIONAL TRUST AND SAVINGS ASSOCIATION AS COLLATERAL AGENT
Assigned to TRACOR, INC. reassignment TRACOR, INC. RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BANK OF AMERICA NATIONAL TRUST AND SAVINGS ASSOCIATION AS COLLATERAL AGENT
Assigned to TRACOR, INC. reassignment TRACOR, INC. RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BANK OF AMERICA NATIONAL TRUST AND SAVINGS ASSOCIATION
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/28—Peritoneal dialysis ; Other peritoneal treatment, e.g. oxygenation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
    • A61M1/1694—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes with recirculating dialysing liquid
    • A61M1/1696—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes with recirculating dialysing liquid with dialysate regeneration
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/28—Peritoneal dialysis ; Other peritoneal treatment, e.g. oxygenation
    • A61M1/281—Instillation other than by gravity
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/28—Peritoneal dialysis ; Other peritoneal treatment, e.g. oxygenation
    • A61M1/282—Operational modes
    • A61M1/284—Continuous flow peritoneal dialysis [CFPD]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/24—Dialysis ; Membrane extraction
    • B01D61/243—Dialysis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/24—Dialysis ; Membrane extraction
    • B01D61/28—Apparatus therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2209/00—Ancillary equipment
    • A61M2209/08—Supports for equipment
    • A61M2209/088—Supports for equipment on the body

Definitions

  • This invention relates to artificial kidneys for removing toxic substances in the blood normally excreted through the human kidney, and more particularly, to a compact, wearable artificial kidney for removing the toxic substances by peritoneal dialysis.
  • kidneys have prolonged the lives of human beings with damaged or inoperative kidneys.
  • the physiology of the human kidney is fairly well understood and involves the removal of nonvolatile wastes from the blood stream and the continuous regulation of the blood composition such that the conditions in body tissues necessary for the life of cells are maintained. Accordingly, when the kidneys are not operating properly, these functions must be performed by artificial means to prevent any imbalance from developing and the build-up of toxic conditions in the blood.
  • a variety of artificial devices has been developed for assuming the function of a human kidney. Most commonly, these devices withdraw blood from the body and pass the blood through an external dialyzer to draw out or remove the undesired toxic substances from the blood and then the blood is returned to the body. When these devices are used for several hours, several times per week, they are capable of reducing the level of concentration of toxic substances in the blood to a safe level.
  • dialysate or wash solution must be carefully formulated so as to be isotonic to the blood and so that certain desirable constituents of the blood, such as electrolytes, are not lost in the dialysis procedure.
  • the devices all commonly operate on an intermittent basis, requiring a high volume of dialysate and in turn necessitating a bulky and immobile reservoir for the solution. Further, the intermittent use of such devices causes the concentrations of toxic substances in the patients blood stream to oscillate from an abnormally high position just prior to treatment to a low point immediately following treatment. This creates undesirable side effects in the patients general condition. Finally, the fact that the blood is being used for the treatment involves the risk of clotting and anticoagulants must be utilized in the treatment.
  • a completely recirculating artificial kidney suitable for use in removing toxic substances from the blood by peritoneal dialysis.
  • the device operates on the well known technique of peritoneal dialysis, in which a prepared solution is circulated through the peritoneal cavity and the unwanted metabolites, such as urea, creatinine, uric acid, etc. are drawn into the solution by natural diffusion from the blood stream across the peritoneal membranes, resulting in what is commonly referred to as peritoneal fluid.
  • This fluid now containing the unwanted toxic substances is removed from the body, and passed through an external dialyzer to remove the toxic substances from the peritoneal fluid, and the purified fluid is then returned to the peritoneal cavity.
  • an external dialyzer to remove the toxic substances from the peritoneal fluid
  • the purified fluid is then returned to the peritoneal cavity.
  • means are also provided for purifying, reconstituting, and re cycling the dialysate for the external dialyzer.
  • the device comprises two recirculating loops; one for the body fluid and one for the dialysate.
  • this invention comprises circulating a prepared solution through the peritoneal cavity to withdraw toxic metabolites from the blood across the peritoneal membranes and into the solution forming peritoneal fluid; removing the peritoneal fluid from the peritoneal cavity; filtering the fluid to remove toxic substances from the peritoneal fluid; reconstituting and recycling the filtered fluid back to the peritoneal cavity; and discarding the rejected wastes.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic representation of the peritoneal artificial kidney of this invention
  • FIG. 2 is a suitable filter cell employing reverse osmosis membranes.
  • the artificial kidney of this invention is particularly adapted for use with peritoneal fluid.
  • peritoneal fluid is meant not only that fluid naturally existing in the peritoneal cavity, but the prepared conventional peritoneal dialysis solutions added to the cavity to supplement its volume.
  • peritoneal dialysis for performing the function of a natural kidney and other examples of previous methods for performing recirculation peritoneal dialysis, reference is made to an article by J. H. Shinaberger, L. Shear and K. G. Barry, entitled Increasing Efiiciency of Peritoneal Dialysis," Transactions of American Society of Artificial Internal Organs, Vol. II, pages 76-82, 1965.
  • peritoneal fluid 2 is withdrawn from conventional catheters 4, preferably of silicone rubber, implanted surgically in the peritoneum or peritoneal cavity and forced by the pumping action of a high-pressure pump 6 to the intake side 8 of a filtration means 10.
  • filtration means or filter cell 10 in cludes as the filter element 12 a membrane with hyperfiltration characteristics, such as reverse osmosis membranes, mounted within a suitable housing and having inlet means 14 for the peritoneal fluid, toxic metabolite eflluent means 16, both on the same side 8 of the filtration element 12, and a purified filtrate outlet means 18.
  • Cell ber of alternative devices having hyperfilter characteristics that were used to cleanse the dialysate for the external dialyzer.
  • Peritoneal fluid is fed to filter cell 10 under pressure and at a rate of from to 50 ml./min., where it travels through the cell with a motion parallel to the filtering element 12, emerging as a concentrated solution of low molecular weight solutes or metabolites, such as urea, creatinine, uric acid, and electrolytes from outlet 16.
  • Pressure is maintained on the order of 400 to 600 p.s.i. to pro vide a pressure differential across membrane 12 in filter cell by pump 6, and pressure regulating valve 20 in the waste rejection line 22.
  • Relief or regulating valve 20 is designed to permit a continuous flow of peritoneal fluid through filter cell 10 and a continuous flow of wastes 22 to a urinal 24.
  • peritoneal dialysis treatment Water is also removed in the peritoneal fluid. This is accomplished by providing the solution fed to the peritoneal cavity with sorbitol or a sugar, such as dextrose, to produce an osmotic pressure difference between the body and the solution, causing a flow of water across the peritoneal membranes 1 and into the solution forming peritoneal fluid.
  • sorbitol or a sugar such as dextrose
  • the metabolites and electrolytes do not pass through membrane 12, but are rejected, and essentially only pure water tion may be added to the filtrate after it leaves filter cell 10 or, preferably, and as schematically shown in FIG. 1, is added at 19 to the low pressure side 26 of cell 10 and at the opposite end of the cell from peritoneal fluid inlet 14 so that its flow is countercurrent to the flow of peritoneal fluid.
  • the osmotic pressure of the solution can be used to also assist in the flow of water through membrane 12 of the filter cell.
  • the reconstituted water 28 is recycled back to the peritoneum through suitable catheters for further removal of toxic substances by peritoneal dialysis.
  • High pressure pump 6 and metering pump 32 are preferably cam driven by a suitable electric motor which is in turn powered by a portable, re-chargeable battery to pro- 1' vide a convenient wearable system.
  • the pump and metering system are conventional and are more fully described in the above-mentioned patent.
  • the present invention provides a wearable, yet compact, artificial kidney Aminum Previous for use with peritoneal dialysis that recovers, filters, and reconstitutes peritoneal fluid in use and that requires only a small volume of fluid and a single recirculating loop.
  • peritoneal dialysis that recovers, filters, and reconstitutes peritoneal fluid in use and that requires only a small volume of fluid and a single recirculating loop.
  • any source of power, portable or non-portable could be used with the invention.
  • a portable and wearable artificial kidney for continuously removing toxic metabolites from the blood comprising means for continuously circulating a prepared solution through the peritoneal cavity to draw toxic metabolites from the blood across the peritoneal membranes and into the fluid in the cavity forming peritoneal fluid; filtration means for continuously removing the toxic metabolites from the peritoneal fluid; means for continuously conveying the peritoneal fluid from the peritoneal cavity to the filtration means; means for continuously, recycling purified filtrate from the filtration means back to the peritoneal cavity; and means for reconstituting the recycled peritoneal fluid to make it suitable for re-use in the peritoneal cavity.
  • the filtration means comprises a plurality of membranes with hyperfiltration characteristics and means for pressurizing the peritoneal fluid conveyed to the membranes to provide a pressure differential across the membrane.
  • the kidney of claim 2, wherein the filtration means includes a housing having peritoneal fluid inlet means and toxic metabolite eflluent means on the high pressure side of the membranes and purified filtrate outlet means on the low pressure side of the membranes.
  • kidney of claim 2 wherein the housing also includes reconstituting fluid inlet means for introducing make-up solution to the low pressure side of the membranes in countercurrent flow to the flow of peritoneal fluid on the high pressure side of the membrane.
  • a method for continuously removing toxic metabolites from the blood comprising continuously circulating a prepared solution through the peritoneal cavity to draw toxic metabolites from the blood across the peritoneal membranes and into the solution forming peritoneal fluid, continuously withdrawing the peritoneal fluid from the cavity, continuously filtering the fluid to remove the toxic metabolites, reconstituting and continuously recycling the filtered fluid to the peritoneal cavity for further use, and withdrawing and discharging the rejected residue as waste.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
US00293474A 1968-04-19 1972-09-29 Peritoneal artificial kidney Expired - Lifetime US3825493A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00161864A US3799873A (en) 1968-04-19 1971-07-09 Artificial kidney
US00293474A US3825493A (en) 1972-09-29 1972-09-29 Peritoneal artificial kidney
DE2321188A DE2321188A1 (de) 1972-09-29 1973-04-26 Peritoneale kuenstliche niere
DE2321168A DE2321168A1 (de) 1972-09-29 1973-04-26 Vorrichtung zum abscheiden toxischer substanzen aus koerperfluiden, insbesondere zur verwendung als kuenstliche niere
GB229874A GB1455772A (en) 1972-09-29 1974-01-17 Artificial kidneys
FR7401730A FR2258189B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-09-29 1974-01-18

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00293474A US3825493A (en) 1972-09-29 1972-09-29 Peritoneal artificial kidney

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US3825493A true US3825493A (en) 1974-07-23

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US00293474A Expired - Lifetime US3825493A (en) 1968-04-19 1972-09-29 Peritoneal artificial kidney

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3825493A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE2321168A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2258189B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1455772A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2903894A1 (de) * 1978-02-01 1979-08-02 Exxon Research Engineering Co Blutdialyseverfahren und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens unter verwendung von stabilisierten fluessig- membrankapseln
US4190047A (en) * 1977-08-26 1980-02-26 University Of Utah Method and apparatus for peritoneal dialysis
US4204957A (en) * 1975-11-21 1980-05-27 Sartorius Membranfilter Gmbh Artificial kidney
US4233434A (en) * 1975-01-27 1980-11-11 Ramot Plastics Polyamide from aromatic phosphorus containing diamine
US4244816A (en) * 1979-01-22 1981-01-13 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Liquid membrane capsule systems resistant to coalescence by means of an irreversible coating
US4276175A (en) * 1979-07-19 1981-06-30 Bower John D Regeneratable peritoneal dialysis bag
US4311587A (en) * 1979-12-10 1982-01-19 Japan Foundation For Artificial Organs Filter arrangement denying bacteria entry to peritoneum
US4312755A (en) * 1979-06-29 1982-01-26 Dow Corning Corporation Reverse osmosis system
US4338190A (en) * 1976-02-13 1982-07-06 A. T. Ramot Plastics Ltd. Peritoneal artificial kidney
US4436626A (en) 1977-12-23 1984-03-13 Jenaer Glaswerk Schott & Gen. Capillary diaphragms for use in diafiltration
US4832684A (en) * 1986-06-13 1989-05-23 Popovich Robert P Peritoneal membrane plasmapheresis
DE19540079A1 (de) * 1995-10-27 1997-04-30 Joachim Dr Med Boehler Dialysegerät
US6527735B1 (en) * 2000-04-27 2003-03-04 Renaltech International Llc Method of peritoneal dialysis
US20040019320A1 (en) * 2002-07-19 2004-01-29 Childers Robert W. Systems and metods for performing peritoneal dialysis
US20040082903A1 (en) * 2002-07-19 2004-04-29 Micheli Brian R. Systems and methods for peritoneal dialysis
US6758975B2 (en) 2001-02-16 2004-07-06 Piedmont Renal Clinic, Pa Automated peritoneal dialysis system and process with in-line sterilization of dialysate
US7153286B2 (en) 2002-05-24 2006-12-26 Baxter International Inc. Automated dialysis system
US20070213665A1 (en) * 2006-03-08 2007-09-13 Conor Curtin Wearable kidney
US20100010429A1 (en) * 2002-07-19 2010-01-14 Baxter International Inc. Systems and methods for performing peritoneal dialysis
US20100051552A1 (en) * 2008-08-28 2010-03-04 Baxter International Inc. In-line sensors for dialysis applications
US20100114012A1 (en) * 2008-11-03 2010-05-06 Sandford Harold F Portable Peritoneal Dialysis System
EP1480690A4 (en) * 2001-12-13 2010-09-29 Nat Quality Care Inc PORTABLE PERITONEAL DIALYSIS SYSTEM
US20110060273A1 (en) * 2009-09-08 2011-03-10 Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. Peritoneal dialysis system
US8206338B2 (en) 2002-12-31 2012-06-26 Baxter International Inc. Pumping systems for cassette-based dialysis
US9514283B2 (en) 2008-07-09 2016-12-06 Baxter International Inc. Dialysis system having inventory management including online dextrose mixing
US9582645B2 (en) 2008-07-09 2017-02-28 Baxter International Inc. Networked dialysis system
US9675745B2 (en) 2003-11-05 2017-06-13 Baxter International Inc. Dialysis systems including therapy prescription entries
US9675744B2 (en) 2002-05-24 2017-06-13 Baxter International Inc. Method of operating a disposable pumping unit
US10232103B1 (en) 2001-11-13 2019-03-19 Baxter International Inc. System, method, and composition for removing uremic toxins in dialysis processes
US10646634B2 (en) 2008-07-09 2020-05-12 Baxter International Inc. Dialysis system and disposable set
US11495334B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2022-11-08 Gambro Lundia Ab Medical device system and method having a distributed database
US11516183B2 (en) 2016-12-21 2022-11-29 Gambro Lundia Ab Medical device system including information technology infrastructure having secure cluster domain supporting external domain

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3020756A1 (de) * 1980-05-31 1981-12-10 Salvia Regel- Und Medizintechnik Gmbh, 6231 Schwalbach Messung des fluessigkeitsentzuges an einem dialysesystem
FR2502959A1 (fr) * 1981-04-03 1982-10-08 Fournier Gilles Appareil generateur d'hemodialyse
JPS58165865A (ja) * 1982-03-26 1983-09-30 川澄化学工業株式会社 体液処理装置
EP0097863A3 (en) * 1982-06-30 1984-04-18 Gambro Lundia AB Mixing fluids by means of semipermeable membranes
DE8714464U1 (de) * 1986-10-30 1988-01-21 Sartorius GmbH, 3400 Göttingen Schlauchsatz aus Kunststoff, insbesondere für die Peritonealdialyse

Cited By (64)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4392960A (en) * 1975-01-27 1983-07-12 A. T. Ramot Plastics, Ltd. Process for the removal of urea from aqueous solutions
US4233434A (en) * 1975-01-27 1980-11-11 Ramot Plastics Polyamide from aromatic phosphorus containing diamine
US4204957A (en) * 1975-11-21 1980-05-27 Sartorius Membranfilter Gmbh Artificial kidney
US4338190A (en) * 1976-02-13 1982-07-06 A. T. Ramot Plastics Ltd. Peritoneal artificial kidney
US4190047A (en) * 1977-08-26 1980-02-26 University Of Utah Method and apparatus for peritoneal dialysis
US4436626A (en) 1977-12-23 1984-03-13 Jenaer Glaswerk Schott & Gen. Capillary diaphragms for use in diafiltration
DE2903894A1 (de) * 1978-02-01 1979-08-02 Exxon Research Engineering Co Blutdialyseverfahren und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens unter verwendung von stabilisierten fluessig- membrankapseln
US4244816A (en) * 1979-01-22 1981-01-13 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Liquid membrane capsule systems resistant to coalescence by means of an irreversible coating
US4312755A (en) * 1979-06-29 1982-01-26 Dow Corning Corporation Reverse osmosis system
US4276175A (en) * 1979-07-19 1981-06-30 Bower John D Regeneratable peritoneal dialysis bag
US4311587A (en) * 1979-12-10 1982-01-19 Japan Foundation For Artificial Organs Filter arrangement denying bacteria entry to peritoneum
US4832684A (en) * 1986-06-13 1989-05-23 Popovich Robert P Peritoneal membrane plasmapheresis
DE19540079A1 (de) * 1995-10-27 1997-04-30 Joachim Dr Med Boehler Dialysegerät
DE19540079C2 (de) * 1995-10-27 2000-06-21 Joachim Boehler Dialysegerät
US6527735B1 (en) * 2000-04-27 2003-03-04 Renaltech International Llc Method of peritoneal dialysis
US6758975B2 (en) 2001-02-16 2004-07-06 Piedmont Renal Clinic, Pa Automated peritoneal dialysis system and process with in-line sterilization of dialysate
US10232103B1 (en) 2001-11-13 2019-03-19 Baxter International Inc. System, method, and composition for removing uremic toxins in dialysis processes
US10980931B2 (en) 2001-11-13 2021-04-20 Baxter International Inc. System, method, and composition for removing uremic toxins in dialysis processes
EP1480690A4 (en) * 2001-12-13 2010-09-29 Nat Quality Care Inc PORTABLE PERITONEAL DIALYSIS SYSTEM
US9775939B2 (en) 2002-05-24 2017-10-03 Baxter International Inc. Peritoneal dialysis systems and methods having graphical user interface
US10137235B2 (en) 2002-05-24 2018-11-27 Baxter International Inc. Automated peritoneal dialysis system using stepper motor
US7153286B2 (en) 2002-05-24 2006-12-26 Baxter International Inc. Automated dialysis system
US9675744B2 (en) 2002-05-24 2017-06-13 Baxter International Inc. Method of operating a disposable pumping unit
US9504778B2 (en) 2002-05-24 2016-11-29 Baxter International Inc. Dialysis machine with electrical insulation for variable voltage input
US8529496B2 (en) 2002-05-24 2013-09-10 Baxter International Inc. Peritoneal dialysis machine touch screen user interface
US7789849B2 (en) 2002-05-24 2010-09-07 Baxter International Inc. Automated dialysis pumping system using stepper motor
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GB1455772A (en) 1976-11-17
FR2258189A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-08-18
DE2321188A1 (de) 1974-04-04
DE2321168A1 (de) 1974-11-21
FR2258189B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1980-08-08

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