US3824972A - Ignition spark vacuum advance system - Google Patents

Ignition spark vacuum advance system Download PDF

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US3824972A
US3824972A US00279844A US27984472A US3824972A US 3824972 A US3824972 A US 3824972A US 00279844 A US00279844 A US 00279844A US 27984472 A US27984472 A US 27984472A US 3824972 A US3824972 A US 3824972A
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vacuum
port
spark advance
direct current
speed
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US00279844A
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W Sattler
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Motors Liquidation Co
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Motors Liquidation Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P7/00—Arrangements of distributors, circuit-makers or -breakers, e.g. of distributor and circuit-breaker combinations or pick-up devices
    • F02P7/06—Arrangements of distributors, circuit-makers or -breakers, e.g. of distributor and circuit-breaker combinations or pick-up devices of circuit-makers or -breakers, or pick-up devices adapted to sense particular points of the timing cycle
    • F02P7/061—Arrangements of distributors, circuit-makers or -breakers, e.g. of distributor and circuit-breaker combinations or pick-up devices of circuit-makers or -breakers, or pick-up devices adapted to sense particular points of the timing cycle pick-up devices without mechanical contacts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P5/00—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor
    • F02P5/04—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions
    • F02P5/05—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions using mechanical means
    • F02P5/10—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions using mechanical means dependent on fluid pressure in engine, e.g. combustion-air pressure
    • F02P5/103—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions using mechanical means dependent on fluid pressure in engine, e.g. combustion-air pressure dependent on the combustion-air pressure in engine
    • F02P5/106—Combustion-air pressure devices combined with other specific conditions

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An ignition spark vacuum advance system for use with motor vehicle internal combustion engines.
  • An operational amplifier responsive to a vehicle speed signal and a reference signal produces a control signal during acceleration to a speed of a selected magnitude and during deceleration at a speed less than the selected magnitude.
  • the control signal triggers a switching transistor conductive to complete an energizing circuit for the operating coil of a two-way valve which normally establishes a vacuum connection between the carburetor vacuum spark advance port and the associated spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port and, upon the energization of the operating coil, vents the spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port to atmosphere.
  • a temperature sensitive switch is operated to the circuit closed condition with engine temperatures less and greater than a selected engine temperature range to inhibit the switching transistor.
  • This invention is directed to an ignition spark vacuum advance system and, more specifically, to an ignition spark vacuum advance system for use with motor vehicle internal combustion engines which provides ignition spark retard at vehicle or engine speeds less than a preselected magnitude with normal engine temperatures and normal ignition spark vacuum advance at any vehicle or engine speed with a cold or overheated engme.
  • a motor vehicle internal combustion engine ignition spark vacuum advance system which retards the ignition spark at low vehicle or engine speeds with engine temperatures within a selected range and provides normal ignition spark vacuum advance at any vehicle or engine speed with engine temperatures not within the selected range
  • a switching transistor having the collector-emitter electrodes connected in series in the energization circuit of the operating coil of a two-way valve, the energization of which operates the valve to a condition which vents the vacuum port of an associated spark advance mechanism vacuum unit to atmosphere, is triggered conductive through the collectoremitter electrodes in response to a control signal produced during vehicle acceleration until the vehicle has accelerated to a speed of a selected magnitude and during vehicle deceleration after the vehicle has decelerated to a speed less than the selected magnitude and a temperature sensitive switch is operated to the electrical circuit closed condition in response to engine temperatures less than and greater than a selected engine temperature range to inhibit the switching transistor.
  • FIGURE drawing sets forth the ignition spark vacuum advance system of this invention in schematic form.
  • the ignition spark vacuum advance system for use with motor vehicle internal combustion engines of this invention operates incombination with a conventional automotive type carburetor 10 having a vacuum spark advance port 12; an ignition distributor 14, shown in top plan view in the FIGURE, having an ignition spark advance mechanism operated by a spark advance vacuum unit 18 having a vacuum port 19 and a source of direct current potential, which may be a conventional automotive type battery 8.
  • Carburetor 10 may be of conventional design having a vacuum spark advance port 12 which opens into the carburetor mixing conduit 16, through which the airfuel mixture is conducted to the intake manifold 15, just above the throttle plate 17.
  • a vacuum spark advance port 12 which opens into the carburetor mixing conduit 16, through which the airfuel mixture is conducted to the intake manifold 15, just above the throttle plate 17.
  • throttle plate 17 is closed or nearly closed, consequently, carburetor vacuum spark advance port 12 is exposed to substantially atmospheric pressure, as shown in the FIGURE.
  • carburetor vacuum spark advance port 12 becomes exposed to the engine intake manifold vacuum.
  • Ignition distributor 14 may be of conventional design having an ignition spark advance mechanism of conventionaldesign operated by a spark advance vacuum unit 18 having a vacuum port 19.
  • ignition spark vacuum advance mechanisms of this type are well known in the automotive art and, per se, form no part of this invention, it has not been illustrated in detail in the FIGURE. The operation will be explained in greater detail later in this specification.
  • Extending between the carburetor vacuum spark advance port 12 and the spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port 19 is a vacuum line which includes vacuum line segments 20 and 21 and a two-way valve 22, having an operating member or rod 23, which is operated to a first position by compression spring 24 to establish a vacuum connection between the carburetor vacuum spark advance port 12 and spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port 19 and is operable to a second position upon the energization of operating coil 25 to vent the spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port 19 to atmosphere.
  • Two-way valve 22 is illustrated in the FIGURE as having a center chamber 26 and two outside chambers 27 and 28 separated by respective walls 29 and 30. Each of chambers 26, 27 and 28 communicates externally of valve 22 through respective ports 31, 32 and 33.
  • center chamber 26 communicates with outside chamber 28 through an inside port 34 having an angularly disposed valve seat 35 and with the other outside chamber 27 through an inside port 36 having an angularly disposed valve seat 37.
  • Port 31 of two-way valve 22 is interconnected with the spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port 19 through vacuum line segment 21
  • port 32 is interconnected with the carburetor vacuum spark advance port 12 through vacuum line segment 20 and port 33 is vented to atmosphere.
  • a piston 38 Secured to the end of operating member 23 within valve 22 is a piston 38 having two angularly disposed faces 39 and 40 which are arranged to engage respective angularly disposed valve seats 35 and 37 in a tight complementary fit.
  • Valve 22 is operated to the first condition by compression spring 24 and is operated to the second condition by energizing operating coil 25 which moves rod 23 linearly in an upward direction as viewing the FIGURE.
  • face 39 of piston 38 is in tight complementary fit with valve seat 35 to provide an open passage therethrough between only ports 31 and 32 and in the second condition, face 40 of piston 38 is in a tight complementary fit with valve seat 37 to provide an open passage therethrough between only ports 31 and 33.
  • two-way valve 22 of the FIGURE is only one example of many two-way valves which may be employed for this application.
  • the carburetor vacuum spark advance port is directly interconnected through a vacuum line with the spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port.
  • the spark advance vacuum unit 18 may be any one of the many vacuum units well known in the automotive art.
  • a movable breaker plate upon which the ignition breaker contact points are mounted, which is rotatable in a plane nor- I mal to the axis of the distributor drive shaft to advance and retard the engine ignition spark.
  • This movable breaker plate is revolved by an operating arm, such as that referenced by the numeral 41 in the FIGURE, which is attached to and moved by a diaphragm within the spark advance vacuum unit 18 through a push rod 42 in a manner well known in the automotive art.
  • the ignition spark vacuum advance system of this invention will be herein described in relation to engine speed.
  • the carburetor vacuum spark advance port 12 At idle or conditions of low engine speed, with the carburetor throttle plate closed or nearly closed, the carburetor vacuum spark advance port 12 is exposed to atmospheric pressure, consequently, the diaphragm within the spark advance vacuum unit 18 is exposed to atmosphere on both sides. Under these conditions, the diaphragm and connected operating rod 42 are forced by a spring, also within the spark advance vacuum unit 18, in a direction which will rotate the movable breaker plate within distributor 14 in the direction which will retard the ignition spark. With the carburetor throttle plate 17 open during acceleration or cruising speed, the carburetor vacuum spark advance port 12 is exposed to engine intake manifold vacuum, the diaphragm with the spark advance vacuum unit 18 is exposed to manifold vacuum on the side of the vacuum port 19.
  • the output potential of battery 8 is shown to be regulated by Zener diode 44. It is to be specifically understood that this potential regulating arrangement is not absolutely necessary for the practice of this invention.
  • One method, and without intention or inference of a limitation thereto, for producing a direct current speed signal of a magnitude proportional to vehicle speed may be a type NPN transistor 50 operating as a class A amplifier having the collector electrode 52 and emitter electrode 53 thereof connected across the positive and negative polarity terminals, respectively, of battery 8 through collector resistor 54 and leads and 43 and point of reference or ground potential 5, respectively; the parallel combination of capacitor 55 and resistor 56 connected across the collector electrode 52 and the base electrode 51 of transistor and the parallel combination of capacitor 57 and diode 58 in series and the contacts 66 and 67 of a magnetically operated reed switch 65 connected across battery 8 through current limiting resistor 59 and leads 45 and 43 andpoint of reference or ground potential 5.
  • Member 70 may be any member which may be conveniently rotated at a speed equal to or proportional to vehicle or engine speed which is arranged to carry a plurality of permanent magnets, four of which are illustrated in the FIG- URE and referenced by the numerals 71, 72, 73, and 74.
  • member 70 may be a drum mounted upon the engine crankshaft, it may be a member mounted upon the engine flywheel or a member mounted upon any other vehicle part which is rotated at a speed equal to or proportional to vehicle or engine speed.
  • Discharging capacitor 57 reduces the'positive polarity potential upon the base electrode 51 of type NPN transistor 50 thereby decreasing the collector-emitter conduction therethrough as a class A amplifier.
  • Capacitor charges through the relatively low value resistances 54 and 78 and diodes 78 and 58 and discharges through high resistance 56 or much more rapidly through the collector-emitter electrodes of type NPN transistor 50, depending upon the degree of its conductivity. Consequently, the'more frequently contacts 66 and 67 of reed switch are operated to the electrical circuit closed condition by the magnets carried upon rotating member with increases of vehicle or engine speed, the lower the degree of conduction through type NPN transistor 50.
  • Zener diode 47 is selected to have an inverse breakdown potential of a magnitude equal to the selected predetermined magnitude. Consequently, the direct current reference signal potential appearing across junction 48 and point of reference or ground potential 5 of a positive polarity upon junction 48 with respect to point of reference or ground potential 5 remains substantially constant at a magnitude equal to the inverse breakdown potential of the Zener diode selected as Zener diode 47.
  • the selected Zener diode corresponding to Zener diode 47 had an inverse breakdown potential of seven volts.
  • Circuitry responsive to the speed signal appearing across junction 68 and point of reference or ground potential 5 and the reference signal appearing across junction 48 and point of reference or ground potential 5 for producing a control signal during vehicle acceleration until the vehicle has accelerated to a speed of a selected magnitude and during vehicle deceleration after the vehicle has decelerated to a speed less than the selected magnitude may be a conventional operational amplifier 75 having an inverting input circuit, referenced in the FIGURE as a minus sign, and a non-inverting input circuit, referenced in the FIGURE as a plus sign, and an output circuit 76, operating in the open loop mode.
  • operational amplifiers When operating in the open loop mode, operational amplifiers function as an extremely sensitive and rapidly operating electrical switch produces an output signal of a positive polarity upon the output terminal 76 thereof with respect to point of reference or ground potential 5 when a positive polarity potential is applied to the inverting input circuit of a magnitude less than the positive polarity potential applied to the non-inverting input circuit and produces an output signal of substantially ground potential when a positive polarity potential is applied to the inverting input circuit of a magnitude greater than the positive polarity potential applied to the non-inverting input circuit.
  • a feedback resistor 77 is connected between output circuit 76 and the noninverting input circuit thereof.
  • Circuitry responsive to the control signal produced by operational amplifier 75 for completing an energizin g circuit for the operating coil 25 of two-way valve 22 across the source of direct current potential may be any electrical switching device having normally open current carrying elements, operable to an electrical circuit closed condition in response to an electrical signalsuch as the control signal, connected in series with the operating coil 25 of two-way valve 22 across the source of direct current potential.
  • this electrical switching device is illustrated as a type NPN transistor 60 having the collector electrode 62 and emitter electrode 63 thereof connected in series with operating coil 25 of two-way valve 22 across battery 8 through a circuit which may be traced from the positive polarity terminal of battery 8 through lead 43, lead 49, operating coil 25 of two-way valve 22, lead 64 and the collector-emitter electrodes of transistor 60 to point of reference or ground potential 5.
  • the base electrode 61 of transistor 60 may be connected to output circuit 76 of operational amplifier 75 through current limiting resistor 69.
  • a type NPN driver transistor 80 having the collector electrode 82 thereof connected to the positive polarity terminal of battery 8 through lead 84, collector resistor 85 and leads 45 and lead 43 and the emitter electrode 83 thereof connected to the negative polarity terminal of battery 8 through lead 86, the base-emitter electrodes of transistor and point of reference or ground potential 5 may be connected between output circuit 76 of operation amplifier 75 and switching transistor 60 and the base electrode 81 thereof connected to output circuit 76 of operational amplifier 75 through current limiting resistor 69.
  • switching transistor 60 is responsive to the control signal for completing an energizing circuit for operating coil 25 of two-way valve 22 and with the second alternative, drive transistor 80 and switching transistor 60 are responsive to the control signal for completing an energizing circuit for operating coil 25 of two-way valve 22.
  • the device responsive to engine temperatures less than and greater than a selected engine temperature range, for example, 140 to 160 F for inhibiting the circuitry responsive to the control signal, either switching transistor 60 or driver transistor 80 and switching transistor 60 may be a temperature sensitive switch 90 having a movable contact 91 and two stationary contacts 92 and 93.
  • This temperature sensitive switch may be connected across the base electrode 81 of driver transistor 80 and point of reference or ground potential 5, as shown in the FIGURE, or, alternatively, it may be connected across the base electrode 61 of switching transistor 60 or across the non-inverting input circuit of operational amplifier 75 and point of reference or ground potential 5.
  • Switch 90 may be any one of the many temperature sensitive switches having a movable contact which is operated to an electrical circuit closed condition to one associated stationary contact with engine temperatures below a selected minimum and to an electrical circuit closed condition to the other associated stationary contact with engine temperatures greater than a selected minimum.
  • transistor 50 is operating as a class A amplifier and the contacts 66 and 67 of reed switch are being slowly operated by the magnets upon rotating member 70 and capacitor 55 is charged through resistor 54, resistor 78, diode 79 and diode 58.
  • the reference potential appearing across junction 48 and point of reference or ground potential 5, applied to the non-inverting input circuit of operational amplifier through lead 87 and resistor 88 is of a magnitude greater than the speed signal appearing across junction 68 and point of reference or ground potential 5, applied to the inverting input circuit of operational amplifier 75 through lead 94 and resistor 95.
  • operational amplifier 75 As the positive polarity potential applied to the non-inverting inverting input circuit of operational amplifier 75 is of a magnitude greater than the positive polarity potential applied to the inverting input circuit thereof, operational amplifier 75 produces an output control signal upon output circuit 76 thereof of a positive polarity upon output circuit 76 with respect to point of reference or ground potential 5.
  • driver transistor 80 is triggered conductive through the collector-emitter electrodes thereof to supply base drive current to switching transistor 60 through leads 43 and 45, collector resistor 85, lead 84, the collector-emitter electrodes of transistor 80, lead 86, the base-emitter electrodes of type NPN switching 60 and point of reference or ground potential 5.
  • This base drive current supplied to switching transistor 60 triggers this device conductive through the collector-emitter electrodes thereof to complete an energizing circuit for operating coil 25 of two-way valve 22 which may be traced from the positive polarity terminal of battery 8, through leads 43 and 49, operating coil 25, lead 64, the collector-emitter electrodes of switching transistor 60 and point of reference or ground potential to the negative polarity terminal of battery 8.
  • the positive polarity control signal upon output circuit 76 of operational amplifier 75 is of the proper polarity relationship to produce base drive current through type NPN switching transistor 60 to trigger this device conductive through the collector-emitter electrodes to establish the same energizing circuit for operating coil 25 of two-way valve 22.
  • two-way valve 22 is operated to the second condition in which the vacuum port 19 of spark advance vacuum unit 18 is vented to atmosphere through port 31 of valve 22, center chamber 26, internal port 34, outside chamber 28 and port 33.
  • the speed signal appearing across junction 68 and point of reference or ground potential 5 continues to increase in magnitude with increases of engine and vehicle speed until the vehicle has been accelerated to a speed of a selected magnitude, for example 30 miles per hour, at which the magnitude of the speed signal appearing across junction 68 and point of reference or ground potential 5 is of a magnitude greater than the reference potential appearing across junction 48 and point of reference or ground potential 5.
  • the positive polarity speed signal potential applied to the inverting input circuit of operational amplifier 75 is of a magnitude greater than the reference signal potential applied to the non-inverting input circuit of operational amplifier 75, consequently, the control signal is removed from output circuit 76 which is now of substantially ground potential.
  • a vacuum connection is established between the carburetor spark advance port 12 and the spark advance vacuumunit l8 vacuum port 19 through vacuum line segment 20, port 32 of valve 22, outside chamber 27, internal port 36, center chamber 26, port 31 and vacuum line segment 21.
  • the internal combustion engine ignition spark vacuum advance mechanism operates in a normal manner to provide ignition spark advance in accordance with engine vacuum.
  • driver transistor 80 is eliminated and the base electrode 61 of typeNPN switching transistor 60 is connected to output circuit 76 of operational amplifier 75 through resistor 69, a ground potential signal upon output circuit 76 of operational amplifier 75 will remove base drive current from switching transistor 60 to extinguish this device and interrupt the energizing circuit for operating coil 25 of two-way valve22.
  • the contacts 66 and 67 of reed switch are operated at a proportionately lower rate, consequently, the degree of conduction through transistor 50 begins to increase proportionately, resulting in a proportionate decrease of the magnitude of the speed signal appearing across junction 68 and point of reference or ground potential 5.
  • the ground potential upon output circuit 76 of operational amplifier 75 applied to the non-inverting input circuit thereof through feedback resistor 77, effectively reduces the magnitude of the positive polarity reference potential also applied to the non-inverting input circuit. Consequently, the positive polarity speed signal applied to the inverting input circuit of operational amplifier is of a relatively greater magnitude.
  • the magnitude of the positive polarity reference signal potential applied to the non-inverting input circuit of operational amplifier 75 will not exceed the realtive magnitude of the positive polarity speed signal potential applied to the inverting input circuit thereof until the speed signal potential has reduced to a value lower than that corresponding to the speed of the selected magnitude, for example at 20 miles per hour.
  • a hysteresis is introduced into the system to provide increased stability and smoothness of vehicle operation.
  • the reference signal potential is of a magnitude greater than the relative speed signal potential operational amplifier 75 again produces the. control signal upon the output circuit 76 thereof.
  • driver transistor 80 and switching transistor 60 or, alternatively, only switching transistor 60 in the event driver transistor 80 is not employed again establishes the energizing circuit for operating coil 25 of two-way valve 22 to operate two-way valve 22 to the second condition which vents the vacuum port 19 of spark advance vacuum unit 18 to atmosphere. With vacuum port 19 vented to atmosphere, the ignition spark is retarded at these low engine speeds.
  • movable contact 91 of temperature sensitive switch 90 is operated to the circuit closed condition to one of stationary contacts 92 or 93 and should the vehicle or engine be operating at any speed at a temperature greater than the selected engine temperature range, movable contact 96 of temperature sensitive switch 95 is operated to the electrical circuit closed condition to the other one of stationary contacts 97 or 98.
  • base drive current is diverted from driver transistor 80 with the circuit connections in the FIGURE.
  • temperature sensitive switch 90 Should temperature sensitive switch 90 be connected across the non-inverting input circuit of operational amplifier 75 and point of reference or ground potential 5, any speed signal potential magnitude would result in a ground potential signal upon output circuit 76 thereof, a condition which would trigger neither driver transistor 80 nor switching transistor 60 conductive through the collector-emitter electrodes, consequently, the energizing circuit for operating coil 25 of two-way valve 22 would not be established. Consequently, at any engine speed while the engine is operating at a temperature greater than or less than the selected engine temperature range, temperature sensitive switch 90 inhibits the circuitry through which the energizing circuit is established for operating coil 25 of twoway valve 22 and the ignition vacuum spark advance mechanism of the associated engine operates in a normal manner to advance the ignition spark in accordance with engine vacuum.
  • An ignition spark vacuum advance system for use with motor vehicle internal combustion engines comprising in combination with a carburetor having a spark advance port, an ignition distributor having an ignition spark advance mechanism operated by a spark advance vacuum unit having a vacuum port and a source of direct current potential, a vacuum line extending between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port, a two-way valve having an operating coil included in said vacuum line which is normally in a first condition to establish a vacuum connection between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port and operable, upon the energization of said operating coil, to a second condition to vent said vacuum advance unit vacuum port to atmosphere, means for producing a direct current speed signal of a magnitude proportional to vehicle 'speed, means for producing a direct current reference signal of a predetermined substantially constant magnitude, means responsive to said speed signal and said reference signal for producing a control signal during vehicle acceleration until said vehicle has accelerated to a speed of a selected magnitude and during deceleration after said vehicle has decelerated to
  • An ignition spark vacuum advance system for use with motor vehicle internal combustion engines comprising in combination with a carburetor having a spark advance port, anignition distributor having an ignition spark advance mechanism operated by a spark advance vacuum unit having a vacuum port and a source of direct current potential, a vacuum line extending between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port, a two-way valve having an operating coil included in said vacuum line which is normally in a first condition to establish a vacuum connection between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port and operable, upon the energization of said operating coil, to a second condition to vent said vacuum advance unit vacuum port to atmosphere, means for producing a direct current speed signal of a magnitude proportional to vehicle speed, means for producing a direct current reference signal of a predetermined substantially constant magnitude, means responsive to said speed signal and said reference signal for producing a control signal during vehicle acceleration until said vehicle has accelerated to a speed of a selected magnitude and during deceleration after said vehicle has decelerated to a
  • An ignition spark vacuum advance system for use with motor vehicle internal combustion engines comprising in combination with a carburetor having a spark advance port, an ignition distributor having an ignition spark advance mechanism operated by a spark advance vacuum unit having a vacuum port and a source of direct current potential, a vacuum line extending between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port, a two-way valve having an operating coil included in said vacuum line which is normally in a first condition to establish a vacuum connection between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port and operable, upon the energization of said operating coil, to a second condition to vent said vacuum advance unit vacuum port to atmosphere, means for producing a direct current speed signal of a magnitude proportional to vehicle speed, means for producing a direct current reference signal of a predetermined substantially constant magnitude, means responsive to said speed signal and said reference signal for producing a control signal during vehicle acceleration until said vehicle has accelerated to a speed of a selected magnitude and during deceleration after said vehicle has decelerated to a speed
  • An ignition spark vacuum advance system for use with motor vehicle internal combustion engines comprising in combination with a carburetor having a spark advance port, an ignition distributor having an ignition spark advance mechanism operated by a spark advance vacuum unit having a vacuum port and a source of direct current potential, a vacuum line extending between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port, a two-way valve having an operating coil included in said vacuum line which is normally in a first condition to establish a vacuum connection between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port and operable, upon the energization of said operating coil, to a second condition to vent said vacuum advance unit vacuum port to atmosphere, means for producing a direct current speed signal of a magnitude proportional to vehicle speed, means for producing a direct current reference signal of a predetermined substantially constant magnitude, means responsive to said speed signal and said reference signal for producing a control signal during vehicle acceleration until said vehicle has accelerated to a speed of a selected magnitude and during deceleration after said vehicle has decelerated to a speed
  • An ignition spark vacuum advance system for use with motor vehicle internal combustion engines comprising in combination with a carburetor having a spark advance port, an ignition distributor having an ignition spark advance mechanism operated by a spark advance vacuum unit having a vacuum port and a source of direct current potential, a vacuum line extending between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port, a two-way valve having an operating coil included in said vacuum line which is normally in a first condition to establish a vacuum connection between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port and operable, upon the energization of said operating coil, to a second condition to vent said vacuum advance unit vacuum port to atmosphere, means for producing a direct current speed signal of a magnitude proportional to vehicle speed, means for producing a direct current reference signal of a predetermined substantially constant magnitude, an operational amplifier having an inverting input circuit, a non-inverting input circuit and an output circuit for producing a control signal upon said output circuit thereof during vehicle acceleration until said vehicle has accelerated to a speed of a selected
  • An ignition spark vacuum advance system for use with motor vehicle internal combustion engines comprising in combination with a carburetor having a spark advance port, an ignition distributor having an ignition spark advance mechanism operated by a spark advance vacuum unit having a vacuum port and a source of direct current potential, a vacuum line extending between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port, a two-way valve having an operating co'il included in said vacuum line which is normally in a first condition to establish a vacuum connection between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port and operable, upon the energization of said operating coil, to a second condition to vent said vacuum advance unit vacuum port to atmoosphere, means for producing a direct current speed signal of a magnitude proportional to vehicle speed, means for producing a direct current reference signal of a predetermined substantially constant magnitude, an operational amplifier having an inverting input circuit, a non-inverting input circuit and an output circuit for producing a control signal upon said output circuit thereof during vehicle acceleration until said vehicle has accelerated to

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

An ignition spark vacuum advance system for use with motor vehicle internal combustion engines. An operational amplifier responsive to a vehicle speed signal and a reference signal produces a control signal during acceleration to a speed of a selected magnitude and during deceleration at a speed less than the selected magnitude. The control signal triggers a switching transistor conductive to complete an energizing circuit for the operating coil of a two-way valve which normally establishes a vacuum connection between the carburetor vacuum spark advance port and the associated spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port and, upon the energization of the operating coil, vents the spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port to atmosphere. A temperature sensitive switch is operated to the circuit closed condition with engine temperatures less and greater than a selected engine temperature range to inhibit the switching transistor.

Description

[ 5] July 23, 1974 IGNITION SPARK VACUUM ADVANCE SYSTEM [7 5] Inventor: Walter J. Sattler, Flint, Mich.
[73] Assignee: General Motor Corporation,
Detroit, Mich.
[22] Filed: Aug. 11, 1972 [21] Appl. No.: 279,844
[52] US. Cl. 123/117 R, 123/117 A [51] Int. Cl. F02p 5/04 [58] Field of Search 123/117 R, 117 A, 97 B [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,476,094 11/1969 Rucins et al. 123/117 A 3,548,792 12/1970 Palmer 123/97 B 3,603,298 9/1971 Toda 123/97 B 3,665,904 5/1972 Goodwillie.... 123/117 A 3,680,318 8/1972 Nakajima 123/117 A 3,687,120 8/1972 Lenz 123/117 A 3,721,221 3/1973 Okada 123/117 A Primary ExaminerLaurence M. Goodridge Assistant Examiner-Cort Flint Attorney, Agent, or FirmRichard G. Stahr [57] ABSTRACT An ignition spark vacuum advance system for use with motor vehicle internal combustion engines. An operational amplifier responsive to a vehicle speed signal and a reference signal produces a control signal during acceleration to a speed of a selected magnitude and during deceleration at a speed less than the selected magnitude. The control signal triggers a switching transistor conductive to complete an energizing circuit for the operating coil of a two-way valve which normally establishes a vacuum connection between the carburetor vacuum spark advance port and the associated spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port and, upon the energization of the operating coil, vents the spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port to atmosphere. A temperature sensitive switch is operated to the circuit closed condition with engine temperatures less and greater than a selected engine temperature range to inhibit the switching transistor.
6 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure 'IIIIIIIIIIIII l IGNITION SPARK VACUUM ADVANCE SYSTEM This invention is directed to an ignition spark vacuum advance system and, more specifically, to an ignition spark vacuum advance system for use with motor vehicle internal combustion engines which provides ignition spark retard at vehicle or engine speeds less than a preselected magnitude with normal engine temperatures and normal ignition spark vacuum advance at any vehicle or engine speed with a cold or overheated engme.
In an effort to reduce the undesirable emissions of the exhaust of internal combustion engines employed to drive motor vehicles, various ignition spark control systems have been developed which prevent ignition spark vacuum advance during low vehicle speeds. One undesirable consequence of systems of this type is the difficulty of a cold engine to start properly in cold weather and drive the vehicle without stalling. Furthermore, since internal combustion engines heat more rapidly with a retarded spark, there is a tendency for the engine to overheat at low vehicle speeds, such as encountered in slow traffic or standing, with the spark retarded.
It is therefore, an object of this invention to provide an improved ignition spark vacuum advance system for use with motor vehicle internal combustion engines.
It is another object of this invention to provide an improved ignition spark vacuum advance system for use with motor vehicle internal combustion engines which, at low vehicle or engine speeds, disenables the ignition spark vacuum advance mechanism while the engine is at normal operating temperature and enables the ignition spark vacuum advance mechanism at any vehicle or engine speed while the engine is operating at temperatures less than and greater than a selected engine temperature range.
In accordance with this invention, a motor vehicle internal combustion engine ignition spark vacuum advance system which retards the ignition spark at low vehicle or engine speeds with engine temperatures within a selected range and provides normal ignition spark vacuum advance at any vehicle or engine speed with engine temperatures not within the selected range is provided wherein a switching transistor having the collector-emitter electrodes connected in series in the energization circuit of the operating coil of a two-way valve, the energization of which operates the valve to a condition which vents the vacuum port of an associated spark advance mechanism vacuum unit to atmosphere, is triggered conductive through the collectoremitter electrodes in response to a control signal produced during vehicle acceleration until the vehicle has accelerated to a speed of a selected magnitude and during vehicle deceleration after the vehicle has decelerated to a speed less than the selected magnitude and a temperature sensitive switch is operated to the electrical circuit closed condition in response to engine temperatures less than and greater than a selected engine temperature range to inhibit the switching transistor.
For a better understanding of the present invention, together with additional objects, advantages and features thereof, reference is made to the following description and accompanying single FIGURE drawing which sets forth the ignition spark vacuum advance system of this invention in schematic form.
The ignition spark vacuum advance system for use with motor vehicle internal combustion engines of this invention operates incombination with a conventional automotive type carburetor 10 having a vacuum spark advance port 12; an ignition distributor 14, shown in top plan view in the FIGURE, having an ignition spark advance mechanism operated by a spark advance vacuum unit 18 having a vacuum port 19 and a source of direct current potential, which may be a conventional automotive type battery 8.
Carburetor 10 may be of conventional design having a vacuum spark advance port 12 which opens into the carburetor mixing conduit 16, through which the airfuel mixture is conducted to the intake manifold 15, just above the throttle plate 17. At idle or conditions of very low speed, throttle plate 17 is closed or nearly closed, consequently, carburetor vacuum spark advance port 12 is exposed to substantially atmospheric pressure, as shown in the FIGURE. As the throttle plate 17 is revolved to open in a counterclockwise direction, as viewing the FIGURE, carburetor vacuum spark advance port 12 becomes exposed to the engine intake manifold vacuum.
Ignition distributor 14 may be of conventional design having an ignition spark advance mechanism of conventionaldesign operated by a spark advance vacuum unit 18 having a vacuum port 19. As ignition spark vacuum advance mechanisms of this type are well known in the automotive art and, per se, form no part of this invention, it has not been illustrated in detail in the FIGURE. The operation will be explained in greater detail later in this specification.
Extending between the carburetor vacuum spark advance port 12 and the spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port 19 is a vacuum line which includes vacuum line segments 20 and 21 and a two-way valve 22, having an operating member or rod 23, which is operated to a first position by compression spring 24 to establish a vacuum connection between the carburetor vacuum spark advance port 12 and spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port 19 and is operable to a second position upon the energization of operating coil 25 to vent the spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port 19 to atmosphere. Two-way valve 22 is illustrated in the FIGURE as having a center chamber 26 and two outside chambers 27 and 28 separated by respective walls 29 and 30. Each of chambers 26, 27 and 28 communicates externally of valve 22 through respective ports 31, 32 and 33. Internally of valve 22, center chamber 26 communicates with outside chamber 28 through an inside port 34 having an angularly disposed valve seat 35 and with the other outside chamber 27 through an inside port 36 having an angularly disposed valve seat 37. Port 31 of two-way valve 22 is interconnected with the spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port 19 through vacuum line segment 21, port 32 is interconnected with the carburetor vacuum spark advance port 12 through vacuum line segment 20 and port 33 is vented to atmosphere. Secured to the end of operating member 23 within valve 22 is a piston 38 having two angularly disposed faces 39 and 40 which are arranged to engage respective angularly disposed valve seats 35 and 37 in a tight complementary fit. Valve 22 is operated to the first condition by compression spring 24 and is operated to the second condition by energizing operating coil 25 which moves rod 23 linearly in an upward direction as viewing the FIGURE. In the first condition of 3 valve 22, face 39 of piston 38 is in tight complementary fit with valve seat 35 to provide an open passage therethrough between only ports 31 and 32 and in the second condition, face 40 of piston 38 is in a tight complementary fit with valve seat 37 to provide an open passage therethrough between only ports 31 and 33. It is to be specifically understood that two-way valve 22 of the FIGURE is only one example of many two-way valves which may be employed for this application.
With conventional ignition spark vacuum advance mechanism, the carburetor vacuum spark advance port is directly interconnected through a vacuum line with the spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port. The spark advance vacuum unit 18 may be any one of the many vacuum units well known in the automotive art.
Mounted within the distributor 14 is a movable breaker plate, upon which the ignition breaker contact points are mounted, which is rotatable in a plane nor- I mal to the axis of the distributor drive shaft to advance and retard the engine ignition spark. This movable breaker plate is revolved by an operating arm, such as that referenced by the numeral 41 in the FIGURE, which is attached to and moved by a diaphragm within the spark advance vacuum unit 18 through a push rod 42 in a manner well known in the automotive art.
As vehicle acceleration, deceleration and rate of speed is directly proportional to engine speed, the ignition spark vacuum advance system of this invention will be herein described in relation to engine speed.
At idle or conditions of low engine speed, with the carburetor throttle plate closed or nearly closed, the carburetor vacuum spark advance port 12 is exposed to atmospheric pressure, consequently, the diaphragm within the spark advance vacuum unit 18 is exposed to atmosphere on both sides. Under these conditions, the diaphragm and connected operating rod 42 are forced by a spring, also within the spark advance vacuum unit 18, in a direction which will rotate the movable breaker plate within distributor 14 in the direction which will retard the ignition spark. With the carburetor throttle plate 17 open during acceleration or cruising speed, the carburetor vacuum spark advance port 12 is exposed to engine intake manifold vacuum, the diaphragm with the spark advance vacuum unit 18 is exposed to manifold vacuum on the side of the vacuum port 19. Under these conditions, the diaphragm within the spark advance vacuum unit 18 and connected operating rod 42 are forced in the opposite direction by the greater pressure on the side of the diaphragm vented to atmosphere to rotate the movable breaker plate in the direction which will advance the ignition spark. From this description, it is apparent that with two-way valve 22 in the first condition of operation with face 39 of piston 38 in tight complementary fit with valve seat 35, the ignition spark vacuum advance mechanism illustrated in the FIGURE will operate in a normal manner.
In the FIGURE, the output potential of battery 8 is shown to be regulated by Zener diode 44. It is to be specifically understood that this potential regulating arrangement is not absolutely necessary for the practice of this invention.
As point of reference or ground potential is the same point electrically throughout the system, it has been illustrated in the FIGURE by the accepted schematic symbol and referenced by the numeral 5.
One method, and without intention or inference of a limitation thereto, for producing a direct current speed signal of a magnitude proportional to vehicle speed may be a type NPN transistor 50 operating as a class A amplifier having the collector electrode 52 and emitter electrode 53 thereof connected across the positive and negative polarity terminals, respectively, of battery 8 through collector resistor 54 and leads and 43 and point of reference or ground potential 5, respectively; the parallel combination of capacitor 55 and resistor 56 connected across the collector electrode 52 and the base electrode 51 of transistor and the parallel combination of capacitor 57 and diode 58 in series and the contacts 66 and 67 of a magnetically operated reed switch 65 connected across battery 8 through current limiting resistor 59 and leads 45 and 43 andpoint of reference or ground potential 5. Member 70 may be any member which may be conveniently rotated at a speed equal to or proportional to vehicle or engine speed which is arranged to carry a plurality of permanent magnets, four of which are illustrated in the FIG- URE and referenced by the numerals 71, 72, 73, and 74. For example, member 70 may be a drum mounted upon the engine crankshaft, it may be a member mounted upon the engine flywheel or a member mounted upon any other vehicle part which is rotated at a speed equal to or proportional to vehicle or engine speed. It is only necessary that the permanent magnets rotated thereby are in operative relationship with the contacts 66 and 67 of reed switch 65 to operate these contacts to the electrical circuit open and closed conditions at a frequency proportional to vehicle or engine speed by passing in close proximity thereto in a manner well known in the art. While the contacts 66 and 67 of reed switch 65 are open, capacitor 57 charges through resistor 59 and diode 58 and while the contacts 66 and 67 of reed switch 65 are closed, a discharge circuit is established therethrough for capacitor 57.
Discharging capacitor 57 reduces the'positive polarity potential upon the base electrode 51 of type NPN transistor 50 thereby decreasing the collector-emitter conduction therethrough as a class A amplifier. Capacitor charges through the relatively low value resistances 54 and 78 and diodes 78 and 58 and discharges through high resistance 56 or much more rapidly through the collector-emitter electrodes of type NPN transistor 50, depending upon the degree of its conductivity. Consequently, the'more frequently contacts 66 and 67 of reed switch are operated to the electrical circuit closed condition by the magnets carried upon rotating member with increases of vehicle or engine speed, the lower the degree of conduction through type NPN transistor 50. As capacitor 55 discharges more slowly with a decrease of conduction through transistor 50, the potential appearing across junction 68 and point of reference or ground potential 5, the speed signal which is of a positive polarity upon junction 68 with respect to point of reference or ground potential 5, increases in magnitude. Consequently, this speed signal potential is of a magnitude proportional to vehicle speed.
To produce a direct current reference signal of a predetermined substantially constant magnitude, the series combination of a resistor 46 and the Zener diode 47 may be connected across battery 8 through leads 45 and 43 and point of reference or ground potential 5. Zener diode 47 is selected to have an inverse breakdown potential of a magnitude equal to the selected predetermined magnitude. Consequently, the direct current reference signal potential appearing across junction 48 and point of reference or ground potential 5 of a positive polarity upon junction 48 with respect to point of reference or ground potential 5 remains substantially constant at a magnitude equal to the inverse breakdown potential of the Zener diode selected as Zener diode 47. In one specific embodiment of the internal combustion engine ignition spark advance system of this invention, the selected Zener diode corresponding to Zener diode 47 had an inverse breakdown potential of seven volts.
Circuitry responsive to the speed signal appearing across junction 68 and point of reference or ground potential 5 and the reference signal appearing across junction 48 and point of reference or ground potential 5 for producing a control signal during vehicle acceleration until the vehicle has accelerated to a speed of a selected magnitude and during vehicle deceleration after the vehicle has decelerated to a speed less than the selected magnitude may be a conventional operational amplifier 75 having an inverting input circuit, referenced in the FIGURE as a minus sign, and a non-inverting input circuit, referenced in the FIGURE as a plus sign, and an output circuit 76, operating in the open loop mode. When operating in the open loop mode, operational amplifiers function as an extremely sensitive and rapidly operating electrical switch produces an output signal of a positive polarity upon the output terminal 76 thereof with respect to point of reference or ground potential 5 when a positive polarity potential is applied to the inverting input circuit of a magnitude less than the positive polarity potential applied to the non-inverting input circuit and produces an output signal of substantially ground potential when a positive polarity potential is applied to the inverting input circuit of a magnitude greater than the positive polarity potential applied to the non-inverting input circuit. To provide the hysteresis required for operational amplifier 75 to produce the control signal during vehicle acceleration until the vehicle has accelerated to a speed of a selected magnitude and during vehicle deceleration after the vehicle has decelerated to a speed less than the selected magnitude, a feedback resistor 77 is connected between output circuit 76 and the noninverting input circuit thereof.
Circuitry responsive to the control signal produced by operational amplifier 75 for completing an energizin g circuit for the operating coil 25 of two-way valve 22 across the source of direct current potential may be any electrical switching device having normally open current carrying elements, operable to an electrical circuit closed condition in response to an electrical signalsuch as the control signal, connected in series with the operating coil 25 of two-way valve 22 across the source of direct current potential. In the FIGURE, and without intention or inference of a limitation thereto, this electrical switching device is illustrated as a type NPN transistor 60 having the collector electrode 62 and emitter electrode 63 thereof connected in series with operating coil 25 of two-way valve 22 across battery 8 through a circuit which may be traced from the positive polarity terminal of battery 8 through lead 43, lead 49, operating coil 25 of two-way valve 22, lead 64 and the collector-emitter electrodes of transistor 60 to point of reference or ground potential 5. With some applications, the base electrode 61 of transistor 60 may be connected to output circuit 76 of operational amplifier 75 through current limiting resistor 69. Alternatively, a type NPN driver transistor 80 having the collector electrode 82 thereof connected to the positive polarity terminal of battery 8 through lead 84, collector resistor 85 and leads 45 and lead 43 and the emitter electrode 83 thereof connected to the negative polarity terminal of battery 8 through lead 86, the base-emitter electrodes of transistor and point of reference or ground potential 5 may be connected between output circuit 76 of operation amplifier 75 and switching transistor 60 and the base electrode 81 thereof connected to output circuit 76 of operational amplifier 75 through current limiting resistor 69. With the first alternative, switching transistor 60 is responsive to the control signal for completing an energizing circuit for operating coil 25 of two-way valve 22 and with the second alternative, drive transistor 80 and switching transistor 60 are responsive to the control signal for completing an energizing circuit for operating coil 25 of two-way valve 22.
The device responsive to engine temperatures less than and greater than a selected engine temperature range, for example, 140 to 160 F for inhibiting the circuitry responsive to the control signal, either switching transistor 60 or driver transistor 80 and switching transistor 60, may be a temperature sensitive switch 90 having a movable contact 91 and two stationary contacts 92 and 93. This temperature sensitive switch may be connected across the base electrode 81 of driver transistor 80 and point of reference or ground potential 5, as shown in the FIGURE, or, alternatively, it may be connected across the base electrode 61 of switching transistor 60 or across the non-inverting input circuit of operational amplifier 75 and point of reference or ground potential 5. Switch 90 may be any one of the many temperature sensitive switches having a movable contact which is operated to an electrical circuit closed condition to one associated stationary contact with engine temperatures below a selected minimum and to an electrical circuit closed condition to the other associated stationary contact with engine temperatures greater than a selected minimum.
Assuming that the associated internalcombustion engine, not shown, is operating the vehicle at idle or low engine speed within the selected engine temperature range, transistor 50 is operating as a class A amplifier and the contacts 66 and 67 of reed switch are being slowly operated by the magnets upon rotating member 70 and capacitor 55 is charged through resistor 54, resistor 78, diode 79 and diode 58. With these conditions, the reference potential appearing across junction 48 and point of reference or ground potential 5, applied to the non-inverting input circuit of operational amplifier through lead 87 and resistor 88 is of a magnitude greater than the speed signal appearing across junction 68 and point of reference or ground potential 5, applied to the inverting input circuit of operational amplifier 75 through lead 94 and resistor 95. As the positive polarity potential applied to the non-inverting inverting input circuit of operational amplifier 75 is of a magnitude greater than the positive polarity potential applied to the inverting input circuit thereof, operational amplifier 75 produces an output control signal upon output circuit 76 thereof of a positive polarity upon output circuit 76 with respect to point of reference or ground potential 5. As this control signal is applied across the base-emitter electrodes of type NPN driver transistor through resistor 69 in the proper polarity relationship to produce base-emitter drive current through a type NPN transistor, driver transistor 80 is triggered conductive through the collector-emitter electrodes thereof to supply base drive current to switching transistor 60 through leads 43 and 45, collector resistor 85, lead 84, the collector-emitter electrodes of transistor 80, lead 86, the base-emitter electrodes of type NPN switching 60 and point of reference or ground potential 5. This base drive current supplied to switching transistor 60 triggers this device conductive through the collector-emitter electrodes thereof to complete an energizing circuit for operating coil 25 of two-way valve 22 which may be traced from the positive polarity terminal of battery 8, through leads 43 and 49, operating coil 25, lead 64, the collector-emitter electrodes of switching transistor 60 and point of reference or ground potential to the negative polarity terminal of battery 8. It may be noted that with applications in which driver transistor 80 is eliminated and the base electrode 61 of type NPN switching transistor 60 is connected to output circuit 76 of operational amplifier 75 through resistor 69, the positive polarity control signal upon output circuit 76 of operational amplifier 75 is of the proper polarity relationship to produce base drive current through type NPN switching transistor 60 to trigger this device conductive through the collector-emitter electrodes to establish the same energizing circuit for operating coil 25 of two-way valve 22. Upon the energization of operating coil 25, two-way valve 22 is operated to the second condition in which the vacuum port 19 of spark advance vacuum unit 18 is vented to atmosphere through port 31 of valve 22, center chamber 26, internal port 34, outside chamber 28 and port 33. With vacuum port 19 of spark advance vacuum unit 18 vented to atmosphere, theignition spark vacuum advance mechanism is disabled and the ignition spark is retarded at these low engine and, consequently, vehicle speeds. As the speed of the engine is increased to accelerate the vehicle, the magnets carried by rotating member 70 operate contacts 66 and 67 of reed switch 65 more rapidly to the electrical circuit open and closed conditions to reduce the degree of conduction through transistor 50 for the reason previously set forth. A decreased degree of conduction through transistor 50 results in the retentionof a charge of increased magnitude upon capacitor 55 as it is not as rapidly discharged through conducting transistor 50. Consequently, as the engine continues to accelerate the vehicle, the speed signal appearing across junction 68 and point of reference or ground potential 5 continues to increase in magnitude with increases of engine and vehicle speed until the vehicle has been accelerated to a speed of a selected magnitude, for example 30 miles per hour, at which the magnitude of the speed signal appearing across junction 68 and point of reference or ground potential 5 is of a magnitude greater than the reference potential appearing across junction 48 and point of reference or ground potential 5. With these conditions, the positive polarity speed signal potential applied to the inverting input circuit of operational amplifier 75 is of a magnitude greater than the reference signal potential applied to the non-inverting input circuit of operational amplifier 75, consequently, the control signal is removed from output circuit 76 which is now of substantially ground potential. With output circuit 76 of operational amplifier 75 at ground potential, base drive current is no longer supplied to driver transistor 80, consequently, this device extinguishes. With driver transistor 80 extinguished, the circuit through which base drive current is supplied to type NPN switching transistor is interrupted, consequently, switching transistor 60 extinguishes to interrupt the energizing circuit of operating coil 25 of two-way valve 22. Upon the deenergization of operating coil 25, compression spring 24 operates piston 38 of two-way valve 22 into a tight complementary fit with valve seat 35 to place valve 42 in the first condition. With two-way valve 22 in the first condition, a vacuum connection is established between the carburetor spark advance port 12 and the spark advance vacuumunit l8 vacuum port 19 through vacuum line segment 20, port 32 of valve 22, outside chamber 27, internal port 36, center chamber 26, port 31 and vacuum line segment 21. With the establishment of this vacuum connection, the internal combustion engine ignition spark vacuum advance mechanism operates in a normal manner to provide ignition spark advance in accordance with engine vacuum. .It may be noted that with applications in which driver transistor 80 is eliminated and the base electrode 61 of typeNPN switching transistor 60 is connected to output circuit 76 of operational amplifier 75 through resistor 69, a ground potential signal upon output circuit 76 of operational amplifier 75 will remove base drive current from switching transistor 60 to extinguish this device and interrupt the energizing circuit for operating coil 25 of two-way valve22.
During deceleration, the contacts 66 and 67 of reed switch are operated at a proportionately lower rate, consequently, the degree of conduction through transistor 50 begins to increase proportionately, resulting in a proportionate decrease of the magnitude of the speed signal appearing across junction 68 and point of reference or ground potential 5. However, the ground potential upon output circuit 76 of operational amplifier 75, applied to the non-inverting input circuit thereof through feedback resistor 77, effectively reduces the magnitude of the positive polarity reference potential also applied to the non-inverting input circuit. Consequently, the positive polarity speed signal applied to the inverting input circuit of operational amplifier is of a relatively greater magnitude. Therefore, upon deceleration, the magnitude of the positive polarity reference signal potential applied to the non-inverting input circuit of operational amplifier 75 will not exceed the realtive magnitude of the positive polarity speed signal potential applied to the inverting input circuit thereof until the speed signal potential has reduced to a value lower than that corresponding to the speed of the selected magnitude, for example at 20 miles per hour. With this arrangement, a hysteresis is introduced into the system to provide increased stability and smoothness of vehicle operation. As the engine and vehicle continue to decelerate until a speed is reached at which the reference signal potential is of a magnitude greater than the relative speed signal potential operational amplifier 75 again produces the. control signal upon the output circuit 76 thereof. Upon the appearance of this control signal, driver transistor 80 and switching transistor 60 or, alternatively, only switching transistor 60 in the event driver transistor 80 is not employed, again establishes the energizing circuit for operating coil 25 of two-way valve 22 to operate two-way valve 22 to the second condition which vents the vacuum port 19 of spark advance vacuum unit 18 to atmosphere. With vacuum port 19 vented to atmosphere, the ignition spark is retarded at these low engine speeds.
Should the vehicle or engine be operating at any speed at a temperature less than the selected engine temperature range, movable contact 91 of temperature sensitive switch 90 is operated to the circuit closed condition to one of stationary contacts 92 or 93 and should the vehicle or engine be operating at any speed at a temperature greater than the selected engine temperature range, movable contact 96 of temperature sensitive switch 95 is operated to the electrical circuit closed condition to the other one of stationary contacts 97 or 98. Upon the closure of movable contact 91 of temperature sensitive switch 90 to either one of stationary contacts 92 or 93, base drive current is diverted from driver transistor 80 with the circuit connections in the FIGURE. With base drive current diverted fromdriver transistor 80, this device does not conduct to supply base drive current to switching transistor 60, consequently, an energizing circuit is not established for operating coil of two-way valve 22. Should temperature sensitive switch 90 be connected across the base electrode 61 of switching transistor 60 and point of reference or ground potential 5, base drive current sup plied by driver transistor 80 would be diverted from switching transistor 60, a condition which prevents switching transistor 60 from conducting through the collector-emitter electrodes to establish the energizing circuit for operating coil 25 of two-way valve 22. Should temperature sensitive switch 90 be connected across the non-inverting input circuit of operational amplifier 75 and point of reference or ground potential 5, any speed signal potential magnitude would result in a ground potential signal upon output circuit 76 thereof, a condition which would trigger neither driver transistor 80 nor switching transistor 60 conductive through the collector-emitter electrodes, consequently, the energizing circuit for operating coil 25 of two-way valve 22 would not be established. Consequently, at any engine speed while the engine is operating at a temperature greater than or less than the selected engine temperature range, temperature sensitive switch 90 inhibits the circuitry through which the energizing circuit is established for operating coil 25 of twoway valve 22 and the ignition vacuum spark advance mechanism of the associated engine operates in a normal manner to advance the ignition spark in accordance with engine vacuum.
While a preferred embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention which is to be limited only within the scope of the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. An ignition spark vacuum advance system for use with motor vehicle internal combustion engines comprising in combination with a carburetor having a spark advance port, an ignition distributor having an ignition spark advance mechanism operated by a spark advance vacuum unit having a vacuum port and a source of direct current potential, a vacuum line extending between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port, a two-way valve having an operating coil included in said vacuum line which is normally in a first condition to establish a vacuum connection between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port and operable, upon the energization of said operating coil, to a second condition to vent said vacuum advance unit vacuum port to atmosphere, means for producing a direct current speed signal of a magnitude proportional to vehicle 'speed, means for producing a direct current reference signal of a predetermined substantially constant magnitude, means responsive to said speed signal and said reference signal for producing a control signal during vehicle acceleration until said vehicle has accelerated to a speed of a selected magnitude and during deceleration after said vehicle has decelerated to a speed less than the selected magnitude, and means responsive to said control signal for completing an energizing circuit for said operating coil of said two-way valve across said source of direct current potential.
2. An ignition spark vacuum advance system for use with motor vehicle internal combustion engines comprising in combination with a carburetor having a spark advance port, anignition distributor having an ignition spark advance mechanism operated by a spark advance vacuum unit having a vacuum port and a source of direct current potential, a vacuum line extending between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port, a two-way valve having an operating coil included in said vacuum line which is normally in a first condition to establish a vacuum connection between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port and operable, upon the energization of said operating coil, to a second condition to vent said vacuum advance unit vacuum port to atmosphere, means for producing a direct current speed signal of a magnitude proportional to vehicle speed, means for producing a direct current reference signal of a predetermined substantially constant magnitude, means responsive to said speed signal and said reference signal for producing a control signal during vehicle acceleration until said vehicle has accelerated to a speed of a selected magnitude and during deceleration after said vehicle has decelerated to a speed less than the selected magnitude, means responsive to said control signal for completing an energizing circuit for said operating coil of said two-way valve across said source of direct current potential, and means responsive to engine tempera tures less than and greater than a selected engine temperature range for inhibiting said means responsive to said control signal.
3. An ignition spark vacuum advance system for use with motor vehicle internal combustion engines comprising in combination with a carburetor having a spark advance port, an ignition distributor having an ignition spark advance mechanism operated by a spark advance vacuum unit having a vacuum port and a source of direct current potential, a vacuum line extending between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port, a two-way valve having an operating coil included in said vacuum line which is normally in a first condition to establish a vacuum connection between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port and operable, upon the energization of said operating coil, to a second condition to vent said vacuum advance unit vacuum port to atmosphere, means for producing a direct current speed signal of a magnitude proportional to vehicle speed, means for producing a direct current reference signal of a predetermined substantially constant magnitude, means responsive to said speed signal and said reference signal for producing a control signal during vehicle acceleration until said vehicle has accelerated to a speed of a selected magnitude and during deceleration after said vehicle has decelerated to a speed less than the selected magnitude, an electrical switching device having normally open current carrying elements operable to an electrical circuit closed condition in response to said control signal, and means for connecting said current carrying elements of said electrical switching device and said operating coil of said two-way valve in series across said source of direct current potential.
4. An ignition spark vacuum advance system for use with motor vehicle internal combustion engines comprising in combination with a carburetor having a spark advance port, an ignition distributor having an ignition spark advance mechanism operated by a spark advance vacuum unit having a vacuum port and a source of direct current potential, a vacuum line extending between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port, a two-way valve having an operating coil included in said vacuum line which is normally in a first condition to establish a vacuum connection between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port and operable, upon the energization of said operating coil, to a second condition to vent said vacuum advance unit vacuum port to atmosphere, means for producing a direct current speed signal of a magnitude proportional to vehicle speed, means for producing a direct current reference signal of a predetermined substantially constant magnitude, means responsive to said speed signal and said reference signal for producing a control signal during vehicle acceleration until said vehicle has accelerated to a speed of a selected magnitude and during deceleration after said vehicle has decelerated to a speed less than the selected magnitude, an electrical switching device having normally open current carrying elements operable to an electrical circuit closed condition in response to said control signal, means for connecting said current carrying elements of said electrical switching device and said operating coil of said two-way valve in series across said source of direct current potential, and means responsive to engine temperatures less than and greater than a selected engine temperature range for diverting said control signal from said electrical switching device.
5. An ignition spark vacuum advance system for use with motor vehicle internal combustion engines comprising in combination with a carburetor having a spark advance port, an ignition distributor having an ignition spark advance mechanism operated by a spark advance vacuum unit having a vacuum port and a source of direct current potential, a vacuum line extending between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port, a two-way valve having an operating coil included in said vacuum line which is normally in a first condition to establish a vacuum connection between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port and operable, upon the energization of said operating coil, to a second condition to vent said vacuum advance unit vacuum port to atmosphere, means for producing a direct current speed signal of a magnitude proportional to vehicle speed, means for producing a direct current reference signal of a predetermined substantially constant magnitude, an operational amplifier having an inverting input circuit, a non-inverting input circuit and an output circuit for producing a control signal upon said output circuit thereof during vehicle acceleration until said vehicle has accelerated to a speed of a selected magnitude and during deceleration after said vehicle has decelerated to a speed less than the selected magnitude, means for applying said direct current speed signal to said inverting input circuit of said operational amplifier, means for applying said direct current reference signal to said non-inverting input circuit of said operational amplifier, and means responsive to said control signal for completing an energizing circuit for said operating coil of said two-way valve across said source of direct current potential.
6. An ignition spark vacuum advance system for use with motor vehicle internal combustion engines comprising in combination with a carburetor having a spark advance port, an ignition distributor having an ignition spark advance mechanism operated by a spark advance vacuum unit having a vacuum port and a source of direct current potential, a vacuum line extending between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port, a two-way valve having an operating co'il included in said vacuum line which is normally in a first condition to establish a vacuum connection between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port and operable, upon the energization of said operating coil, to a second condition to vent said vacuum advance unit vacuum port to atmoosphere, means for producing a direct current speed signal of a magnitude proportional to vehicle speed, means for producing a direct current reference signal of a predetermined substantially constant magnitude, an operational amplifier having an inverting input circuit, a non-inverting input circuit and an output circuit for producing a control signal upon said output circuit thereof during vehicle acceleration until said vehicle has accelerated to a speed of a selected magnitude and during deceleration after said vehicle has decelerated to a speed less than the selected magnitude, means for applying said direct current speed signal to said inverting input circuit of said operational amplifier, means for applying said direct current reference signal to said non-inverting input circuit of said operational amplifier, means responsive to said control signal for completing an energizing circuit for said operating coil of said two-way valve across said source of direct current potential, and means responsive to engine temperatures less than and greater than a selected engine temperature range for inhibiting said means responsive to said control signal.
I PC1-1050 1 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 5 9 CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3,824,972 Dated July 23, 1974 Inventor-(S) Walter J. Settle:
It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below: I
F Column 6, line 41, delete "minimum" and insert maximum Signed and sealed this 15th day of October 1974.
(SEAL) Attest:
McCOY M. GIBSON JR. C. MARSHALL DANN Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents

Claims (6)

1. An ignition spark vacuum advance system for use with motor vehicle internal combustion engines comprising in combination with a carburetor having a spark advance port, an ignition distributor having an ignition spark advance mechanism operated by a spark advance vacuum unit having a vacuum port and a source of direct current potential, a vacuum line extending between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port, a two-way valve having an operating coil included in said vacuum line which is normally in a first condition to establish a vacuum connection between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port and operable, upon the energization of said operating coil, to a second condition to vent said vacuum advance unit vacuum port to atmosphere, means for producing a direct current speed signal of a magnitude proportional to vehicle speed, means for producing a direct current reference signal of a predetermined substantially constant magnitude, means responsive to said speed signal and said reference signal for producing a control signal during vehicle acceleration until said vehicle has accelerated to a speed of a selected magnitude and during deceleration after said vehicle has decelerated to a speed less than the selected magnitude, and means responsive to said control signal for completing an energizing circuit for said operating coil of said two-way valve across said source of direct current potential.
2. An ignition spark vacuum advance system for use with motor vehicle internal combustion engines comprising in combination with a carburetor having a spark advance port, an ignition distributor having an ignition spark advance mechanism operated by a spark advance vacuum unit having a vacuum port and a source of direct current potential, a vacuum line extending between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port, a two-way valve having an operating coil included in said vacuum line which is normally in a first condition to establish a vacuum connection between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port and operable, upon the energization of said operating coil, to a second condition to vent said vacuum advance unit vacuum port to atmosphere, means for producing a direct current speed signal of a magnitude proportional to vehicle speed, means for producing a direct current reference signal of a predetermined substantially constant magnitude, means responsive to said speed signal and said reference signal for producing a control signal during vehicle acceleration until said vehicle has accelerated to a speed of a selected magnitude and during deceleration after said vehicle has decelerated to a speed less than the selected magnitude, means responsive to said control signal for completing an energizing circuit for said operating coil of said two-way valve across said source of direct current potential, and means responsive to engine temperatures less than and greater than a selected engine temperature range for inhibiting said means responsive to said control signal.
3. An ignition spark vacuum advance system for use with motor vehicle internal combustion engines comprising in combination with a carburetor having a spark advance port, an ignition distributor having an igniTion spark advance mechanism operated by a spark advance vacuum unit having a vacuum port and a source of direct current potential, a vacuum line extending between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port, a two-way valve having an operating coil included in said vacuum line which is normally in a first condition to establish a vacuum connection between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port and operable, upon the energization of said operating coil, to a second condition to vent said vacuum advance unit vacuum port to atmosphere, means for producing a direct current speed signal of a magnitude proportional to vehicle speed, means for producing a direct current reference signal of a predetermined substantially constant magnitude, means responsive to said speed signal and said reference signal for producing a control signal during vehicle acceleration until said vehicle has accelerated to a speed of a selected magnitude and during deceleration after said vehicle has decelerated to a speed less than the selected magnitude, an electrical switching device having normally open current carrying elements operable to an electrical circuit closed condition in response to said control signal, and means for connecting said current carrying elements of said electrical switching device and said operating coil of said two-way valve in series across said source of direct current potential.
4. An ignition spark vacuum advance system for use with motor vehicle internal combustion engines comprising in combination with a carburetor having a spark advance port, an ignition distributor having an ignition spark advance mechanism operated by a spark advance vacuum unit having a vacuum port and a source of direct current potential, a vacuum line extending between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port, a two-way valve having an operating coil included in said vacuum line which is normally in a first condition to establish a vacuum connection between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port and operable, upon the energization of said operating coil, to a second condition to vent said vacuum advance unit vacuum port to atmosphere, means for producing a direct current speed signal of a magnitude proportional to vehicle speed, means for producing a direct current reference signal of a predetermined substantially constant magnitude, means responsive to said speed signal and said reference signal for producing a control signal during vehicle acceleration until said vehicle has accelerated to a speed of a selected magnitude and during deceleration after said vehicle has decelerated to a speed less than the selected magnitude, an electrical switching device having normally open current carrying elements operable to an electrical circuit closed condition in response to said control signal, means for connecting said current carrying elements of said electrical switching device and said operating coil of said two-way valve in series across said source of direct current potential, and means responsive to engine temperatures less than and greater than a selected engine temperature range for diverting said control signal from said electrical switching device.
5. An ignition spark vacuum advance system for use with motor vehicle internal combustion engines comprising in combination with a carburetor having a spark advance port, an ignition distributor having an ignition spark advance mechanism operated by a spark advance vacuum unit having a vacuum port and a source of direct current potential, a vacuum line extending between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port, a two-way valve having an operating coil included in said vacuum line which is normally in a first condition to establish a vacuum connection between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port and opErable, upon the energization of said operating coil, to a second condition to vent said vacuum advance unit vacuum port to atmosphere, means for producing a direct current speed signal of a magnitude proportional to vehicle speed, means for producing a direct current reference signal of a predetermined substantially constant magnitude, an operational amplifier having an inverting input circuit, a non-inverting input circuit and an output circuit for producing a control signal upon said output circuit thereof during vehicle acceleration until said vehicle has accelerated to a speed of a selected magnitude and during deceleration after said vehicle has decelerated to a speed less than the selected magnitude, means for applying said direct current speed signal to said inverting input circuit of said operational amplifier, means for applying said direct current reference signal to said non-inverting input circuit of said operational amplifier, and means responsive to said control signal for completing an energizing circuit for said operating coil of said two-way valve across said source of direct current potential.
6. An ignition spark vacuum advance system for use with motor vehicle internal combustion engines comprising in combination with a carburetor having a spark advance port, an ignition distributor having an ignition spark advance mechanism operated by a spark advance vacuum unit having a vacuum port and a source of direct current potential, a vacuum line extending between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port, a two-way valve having an operating coil included in said vacuum line which is normally in a first condition to establish a vacuum connection between said carburetor spark advance port and said spark advance vacuum unit vacuum port and operable, upon the energization of said operating coil, to a second condition to vent said vacuum advance unit vacuum port to atmoosphere, means for producing a direct current speed signal of a magnitude proportional to vehicle speed, means for producing a direct current reference signal of a predetermined substantially constant magnitude, an operational amplifier having an inverting input circuit, a non-inverting input circuit and an output circuit for producing a control signal upon said output circuit thereof during vehicle acceleration until said vehicle has accelerated to a speed of a selected magnitude and during deceleration after said vehicle has decelerated to a speed less than the selected magnitude, means for applying said direct current speed signal to said inverting input circuit of said operational amplifier, means for applying said direct current reference signal to said non-inverting input circuit of said operational amplifier, means responsive to said control signal for completing an energizing circuit for said operating coil of said two-way valve across said source of direct current potential, and means responsive to engine temperatures less than and greater than a selected engine temperature range for inhibiting said means responsive to said control signal.
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Cited By (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3951115A (en) * 1974-05-15 1976-04-20 Frank Brisko Pollution control device
US3978832A (en) * 1971-05-10 1976-09-07 Brooks Walker Servo mechanism
US4068632A (en) * 1974-12-25 1978-01-17 Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Internal combustion engine
US4080939A (en) * 1976-03-22 1978-03-28 Love Bobby J C Timing control apparatus for a combustion engine
US4086894A (en) * 1976-07-06 1978-05-02 Motorola, Inc. Rotary direction sensor for engine ignition control
EP0138143A2 (en) * 1983-10-14 1985-04-24 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Patentabteilung AJ-3 Control device of the ignition timing for an iddling internal-combustion engine

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US3476094A (en) * 1968-03-13 1969-11-04 Gen Motors Corp Internal combustion engine ignition spark vacuum advance mechanism delay system
US3548792A (en) * 1969-02-11 1970-12-22 Judson G Palmer Control apparatus for internal-combustion engines
US3603298A (en) * 1968-09-03 1971-09-07 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Arrangement for controlling discharge of unburnt hydrocarbons from decelerating automobile engine
US3665904A (en) * 1970-06-03 1972-05-30 Chrysler Corp Automatic vacuum spark advance controller
US3680318A (en) * 1969-12-29 1972-08-01 Yasuo Nakajima Centralized air-pollution preventive system
US3687120A (en) * 1969-07-02 1972-08-29 Daimler Benz Ag Control installation for combustion engines
US3721221A (en) * 1969-04-09 1973-03-20 Nippon Denso Co Internal combustion engine exhaust gas controlling device

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3476094A (en) * 1968-03-13 1969-11-04 Gen Motors Corp Internal combustion engine ignition spark vacuum advance mechanism delay system
US3603298A (en) * 1968-09-03 1971-09-07 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Arrangement for controlling discharge of unburnt hydrocarbons from decelerating automobile engine
US3548792A (en) * 1969-02-11 1970-12-22 Judson G Palmer Control apparatus for internal-combustion engines
US3721221A (en) * 1969-04-09 1973-03-20 Nippon Denso Co Internal combustion engine exhaust gas controlling device
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3978832A (en) * 1971-05-10 1976-09-07 Brooks Walker Servo mechanism
US3951115A (en) * 1974-05-15 1976-04-20 Frank Brisko Pollution control device
US4068632A (en) * 1974-12-25 1978-01-17 Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Internal combustion engine
US4080939A (en) * 1976-03-22 1978-03-28 Love Bobby J C Timing control apparatus for a combustion engine
US4086894A (en) * 1976-07-06 1978-05-02 Motorola, Inc. Rotary direction sensor for engine ignition control
EP0138143A2 (en) * 1983-10-14 1985-04-24 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Patentabteilung AJ-3 Control device of the ignition timing for an iddling internal-combustion engine
EP0138143A3 (en) * 1983-10-14 1986-05-28 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Patentabteilung AJ-3 Control device of the ignition timing for an iddling internal-combustion engine

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