US3820980A - Austenitic stainless steel - Google Patents
Austenitic stainless steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3820980A US3820980A US00251637A US25163772A US3820980A US 3820980 A US3820980 A US 3820980A US 00251637 A US00251637 A US 00251637A US 25163772 A US25163772 A US 25163772A US 3820980 A US3820980 A US 3820980A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- austenitic
- percent
- chromium
- manganese
- nitrogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 26
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GJPVPJBNBCITNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[Mn].[Cr] Chemical compound [N].[Mn].[Cr] GJPVPJBNBCITNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 chromium carbides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009291 secondary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nonporous, high nitrogen-chromium-manganese, austenitic stainless steel, and to a method for producing it.
- austenitic stainless steels are available in a variety of structures exhibiting a range of mechanical properties which, combined with their excellent corrosion resistance, makes them highly versatile from a design standpoint. Of them, austenitic stainless steels generally possess the best corrosion resistance and the best strength at elevated temperatures. Austenitic stainless steels have generally been comprised of iron, chromium and nickel.
- a high nitrogen-chromium-manganese, austenitic stainless steel characterized by high strength, good corrosion resistance and excellent ductility in the annealed condition.
- an austenitic steel wherein the elements are carefully balanced to insurethe integrity of its austenitic structure and wherein sufficient chromium and manganese are present to provide a nonporous structure.
- the steel contains from 0.85 to 3% nitrogen, from to 30% chromium and from to 45% maganese. At first glance it appears to be somewhat similar to the steels disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,778,731 and 2,745,740. However, the steel of US. Pat. No.
- 2,778,731 has a maximum equated chromium and manganese content below the minimum equated sum of chromium and manganese imposed upon the steel of the present invention and US. Pat. No. 2,745,740 does not disclose a composition balanced within the hereinbelow discussed austeniticity and porosity equation limitations imposed upon the present invention, as exemplified by the specific alloys therein. Still other references disclose relatively high nitrogen contents, but yet maximum contents below the minimum taught herein. These references are US. Pat. No. 2,909,425 and an article entitled Study of Austenilic Stainless Steels With High Manganese and Nitrogen Contents, which appeared on pages 399412 of Revue de Metallurgie, No. 5, May, 1970.
- the nonporous, austenitic stainless steel of the present invention has a composition consisting essentially of, in weight percent, from 10 to 30% chromium, from .15 to 45% manganese, from 0.85 to 3% nitrogen, up to 1% carbon, up to 2% silicon, balance essentially iron and residuals.
- its elements are balanced in accordance with the following equations.
- Equation 1 is a measure of the steels austeniticity and Equation 2 is an indicator of its porosity or lack thereof. Steelswhich do not satisfy the equations are outside the scope of the invention. As a general rule, the steel of the invention is melted at an ambient pressure of about one atmosphere, and this method of making it is incorporated as a part of the present invention.
- the particular form in which nitrogen is added is not critical. Illustrative forms includes activated nitrogen, cyanides, and high nitrogen ferro-chrome.
- Nitrogen a strong austenitizer, is present in amounts of from 0.85 to 3 percent. At least 0.85 percent is required as it is the steel s primary strengthening element. An upper limit of 3 percent is imposed as higher nitrogen contents appear to be unrealistic from a melting standpoint. A preferred nitrogen content is from 1.05 to 1.5 percent.
- Chromium is present in amounts of from 10 to 30 percent. At least 10 percent is required in order to give the steel its outstanding corrosion resistance. Chromium also has a secondary effect upon the strength of the steel and is a primary element in increasing the steels solubility for nitrogen. An upper limit of 30 percent is imposed as chromium is a ferrite former and excessive amounts of ferrite might form with higher lev els, and in turn degrade the steels properties. A preferred chromium content is from 15 to 27 percent. Steels with chromium contents below 15 percent and above 27 percent are difficult to process. Those with contents below 15 percent exhibit a greater tendency to hot short while those with contents in excess of 27 percent exhibit a greater tendency to crack during handling and forming.
- Manganese is present in amounts of from 15 to 45 percent. At least 15 percent, and preferably 21 percent is necessary as manganese is an austenitizer and since manganese increases the steels solubility for nitrogen. An upper limit of 45 percent, and a preferred upper limit of 30 percent, is imposed for economic considerations, and since manganese exhibits a tendency to attack furnace refractories.
- Carbon is a powerful austenitizer and strengthener and is present in amounts up to 1 percent. lts content must, however, be controlled as it can disadvantageously remove chromium from solid solution by combining therewith to form chromium carbides, and since it can reduce the steel s solubility for nitrogen by occupying interstitial sites normally filled by nitrogen. A preferred maximum carbon content is 0.15 percent. Higher carbon contents necessitate higher annealing temperatures to put the carbon into solution.
- Silicon levels are maintained below 2 percent and preferably below 1 percent. Higher levels increase the inclusion content of the steel to an undesirable degree, and moreover, tie up excessive amounts of manganese inthe form of manganese silicates.
- the steel may also contain a number of residuals. These residuals include elements such as copper, molybdenum, phosphorus, sulfur, tungsten, cobalt and nickel.
- Equation 1 The carbon, nitrogen, manganese, chromium and silicon values for both the austenitic and duplex heats were inserted into the following equation, discussed hereinabove and referred to as Equation 1 therein:
- Table V compares the 0.2% yield strength, the ultimate tensile strength, the elongation and the hardness for austenitic heat .1 with duplex heat V. These proper- -ties are compared after hot rolling, after annealing at 1,950F for 7 minutes, and after cold reductions of 10, 25.8.05! 5.11%
- austenitic heat J is superior to duplex heat V.
- Heat J had better properties than heat V after hot rolling, after annealing, and after cold rolling.
- Ferrite diminishes the steels yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, elongation and hardness. In addition, it detrimentally affects the steels corrosion resistance and promotes the formation of undesirable sigma phase.
- the steel of this invention has utility in a wide range of applications. Included therein are high strength fasteners, motor/generator retaining rings, marine cable, and castings for pump housings.
- a substantially nonporous, austenitic stainless steel consisting essentially of, in weight percent, from 10 to 30% chromium, from 21 to 45% manganese, from 0.85 to 3% nitrogen, up to 1% carbon, up to 2% silicon, balance essentially iron and residuals; said elements being balanced in accordance with the following equations:
- a substantially nonporous austenitic stainless steel according to claim 1 having up to 1% silicon.
- a substantially nonporous austenitic stainless steel according to claim 1 having from 15 to 27% chromium, from 21 to 30% manganese, from 1.05 to 1.5% nitrogen, up to 0.15% carbon and up to 1% silicon.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
Priority Applications (17)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00251637A US3820980A (en) | 1972-05-08 | 1972-05-08 | Austenitic stainless steel |
| CA169,470A CA974797A (en) | 1972-05-08 | 1973-04-17 | Austenitic stainless steel |
| AU54641/73A AU469922B2 (en) | 1972-05-08 | 1973-04-18 | Austenitic stainless steel |
| NL7306155A NL7306155A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1972-05-08 | 1973-05-03 | |
| DE2322528A DE2322528C3 (de) | 1972-05-08 | 1973-05-04 | Verfahren zum Vermeiden von Poren in austenitischen, rostfreien Stählen |
| BR3264/73A BR7303264D0 (pt) | 1972-05-08 | 1973-05-07 | Aco inoxidavel austenitico substancialmente nao-poroso e processo para produzir o aco |
| GB2155573A GB1373197A (en) | 1972-05-08 | 1973-05-07 | Austenitic stainless steel |
| PL1973162392A PL83802B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1972-05-08 | 1973-05-07 | |
| SE7306469A SE384534B (sv) | 1972-05-08 | 1973-05-08 | Austenitiskt rostfritt stal, och sett att framstella detta |
| FR7316519A FR2183933B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1972-05-08 | 1973-05-08 | |
| JP5039873A JPS5613787B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1972-05-08 | 1973-05-08 | |
| AT402673A AT337235B (de) | 1972-05-08 | 1973-05-08 | Austenitischer rostfreier stahl und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
| ES414527A ES414527A1 (es) | 1972-05-08 | 1973-05-08 | Un metodo para producir un acero inoxidable austenitico. |
| BE130877A BE799250A (fr) | 1972-05-08 | 1973-05-08 | Acier inoxydable austenitique non poreux et procede pour le produire, |
| AR247893A AR196246A1 (es) | 1972-05-08 | 1973-05-08 | Acero inoxidable austenitico y metodo para producirlo |
| IT49850/73A IT984959B (it) | 1972-05-08 | 1973-05-08 | Procedimento per la produzione di acciaio inossidabile austeni tico sostanzialmente non poroso so |
| US05/430,853 US3936297A (en) | 1972-05-08 | 1974-01-04 | Method of producing austenitic stainless steel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00251637A US3820980A (en) | 1972-05-08 | 1972-05-08 | Austenitic stainless steel |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/430,853 Division US3936297A (en) | 1972-05-08 | 1974-01-04 | Method of producing austenitic stainless steel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3820980A true US3820980A (en) | 1974-06-28 |
Family
ID=22952806
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00251637A Expired - Lifetime US3820980A (en) | 1972-05-08 | 1972-05-08 | Austenitic stainless steel |
Country Status (16)
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4028098A (en) * | 1973-03-06 | 1977-06-07 | Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft | Cryogenic steel |
| DE3940438C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1989-12-07 | 1991-05-23 | Vereinigte Schmiedewerke Gmbh, 4630 Bochum, De | |
| DE4023462C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1989-10-12 | 1991-07-04 | Vereinigte Schmiedewerke Gmbh, 4630 Bochum, De | |
| JPH0696753B2 (ja) | 1987-06-12 | 1994-11-30 | 株式会社東芝 | 耐隙間腐食性に優れた非磁性鋼の製造方法 |
| US20040258554A1 (en) * | 2002-01-09 | 2004-12-23 | Roman Radon | High-chromium nitrogen containing castable alloy |
| US20050145308A1 (en) * | 2003-12-03 | 2005-07-07 | Bohler Edelstahl Gmbh | Corrosion-resistant austenitic steel alloy |
| US20090242410A1 (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-10-01 | Tenaris Connections Ag (Liechtenstein Corporation) | Method for electrochemical plating and marking of metals |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02185945A (ja) * | 1989-06-16 | 1990-07-20 | Toshiba Corp | 発電機用エンドリングの製造方法 |
| AT8763U1 (de) * | 2005-12-06 | 2006-12-15 | Teufelberger Seil Ges M B H | Lineares zugkraftübertragungselement, insbesondere draht bzw. kombination von drähten |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE728159C (de) * | 1936-10-09 | 1942-11-21 | Boehler & Co Ag Geb | Chrom-Mangan-Stickstoff-Stahl |
| FR1208393A (fr) * | 1957-12-30 | 1960-02-23 | Council Scient Ind Res | Nouveaux aciers inoxydables et procédés pour leur élaboration |
| DE1229122B (de) * | 1962-05-11 | 1966-11-24 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind | Verfahren zum Aufsticken von Stahlschmelzen |
| AT277301B (de) * | 1963-05-24 | 1969-12-29 | Boehler & Co Ag Geb | Stickstoffhältiger, austenitischer Stahl |
| FR1395461A (fr) * | 1964-05-23 | 1965-04-09 | Boehler & Co Ag Geb | Aciers austénitiques azotés non aimantables |
| FR1465225A (fr) * | 1966-01-24 | 1967-01-06 | Boehler & Co Ag Geb | Casque et plaque de blindage en acier au manganèse-chrome-azote |
-
1972
- 1972-05-08 US US00251637A patent/US3820980A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1973
- 1973-04-17 CA CA169,470A patent/CA974797A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-04-18 AU AU54641/73A patent/AU469922B2/en not_active Expired
- 1973-05-03 NL NL7306155A patent/NL7306155A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1973-05-04 DE DE2322528A patent/DE2322528C3/de not_active Expired
- 1973-05-07 GB GB2155573A patent/GB1373197A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-05-07 PL PL1973162392A patent/PL83802B1/pl unknown
- 1973-05-07 BR BR3264/73A patent/BR7303264D0/pt unknown
- 1973-05-08 SE SE7306469A patent/SE384534B/xx unknown
- 1973-05-08 BE BE130877A patent/BE799250A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-05-08 JP JP5039873A patent/JPS5613787B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1973-05-08 AR AR247893A patent/AR196246A1/es active
- 1973-05-08 IT IT49850/73A patent/IT984959B/it active
- 1973-05-08 AT AT402673A patent/AT337235B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-05-08 ES ES414527A patent/ES414527A1/es not_active Expired
- 1973-05-08 FR FR7316519A patent/FR2183933B1/fr not_active Expired
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4028098A (en) * | 1973-03-06 | 1977-06-07 | Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft | Cryogenic steel |
| JPH0696753B2 (ja) | 1987-06-12 | 1994-11-30 | 株式会社東芝 | 耐隙間腐食性に優れた非磁性鋼の製造方法 |
| DE4023462C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1989-10-12 | 1991-07-04 | Vereinigte Schmiedewerke Gmbh, 4630 Bochum, De | |
| DE3940438C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1989-12-07 | 1991-05-23 | Vereinigte Schmiedewerke Gmbh, 4630 Bochum, De | |
| US20040258554A1 (en) * | 2002-01-09 | 2004-12-23 | Roman Radon | High-chromium nitrogen containing castable alloy |
| US20050145308A1 (en) * | 2003-12-03 | 2005-07-07 | Bohler Edelstahl Gmbh | Corrosion-resistant austenitic steel alloy |
| US7708841B2 (en) | 2003-12-03 | 2010-05-04 | Boehler Edelstahl Gmbh & Co Kg | Component for use in oil field technology made of a material which comprises a corrosion-resistant austenitic steel alloy |
| US20100170596A1 (en) * | 2003-12-03 | 2010-07-08 | Boehler Edelstahl Gmbh & Co Kg | Corrosion-resistant austenitic steel alloy |
| US7947136B2 (en) | 2003-12-03 | 2011-05-24 | Boehler Edelstahl Gmbh & Co Kg | Process for producing a corrosion-resistant austenitic alloy component |
| US8454765B2 (en) | 2003-12-03 | 2013-06-04 | Boehler Edelstahl Gmbh & Co. Kg | Corrosion-resistant austenitic steel alloy |
| US20090242410A1 (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-10-01 | Tenaris Connections Ag (Liechtenstein Corporation) | Method for electrochemical plating and marking of metals |
| US8257572B2 (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2012-09-04 | Tenaris Connections Limited | Method for electrochemical plating and marking of metals |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES414527A1 (es) | 1976-02-01 |
| BR7303264D0 (pt) | 1974-06-27 |
| DE2322528C3 (de) | 1985-04-04 |
| DE2322528A1 (de) | 1973-11-29 |
| AU5464173A (en) | 1974-10-24 |
| AU469922B2 (en) | 1976-02-26 |
| JPS4948510A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1974-05-10 |
| IT984959B (it) | 1974-11-20 |
| CA974797A (en) | 1975-09-23 |
| BE799250A (fr) | 1973-11-08 |
| JPS5613787B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1981-03-31 |
| AT337235B (de) | 1977-06-27 |
| AR196246A1 (es) | 1973-12-10 |
| NL7306155A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1973-11-12 |
| SE384534B (sv) | 1976-05-10 |
| ATA402673A (de) | 1976-10-15 |
| PL83802B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1976-02-28 |
| FR2183933A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1973-12-21 |
| FR2183933B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1977-09-02 |
| GB1373197A (en) | 1974-11-06 |
| DE2322528B2 (de) | 1979-04-12 |
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Owner name: ALLEGHENY LUDLUM CORPORATION Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:ALLEGHENY LUDLUM STEEL CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004779/0642 Effective date: 19860805 |
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| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: PITTSBURGH NATIONAL BANK Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ALLEGHENY LUDLUM CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004855/0400 Effective date: 19861226 |
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| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: PITTSBURGH NATIONAL BANK Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. RECORDED ON REEL 4855 FRAME 0400;ASSIGNOR:PITTSBURGH NATIONAL BANK;REEL/FRAME:005018/0050 Effective date: 19881129 |