US3817744A - Method for cooling a tuyere of a refining converter - Google Patents

Method for cooling a tuyere of a refining converter Download PDF

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Publication number
US3817744A
US3817744A US00280203A US28020372A US3817744A US 3817744 A US3817744 A US 3817744A US 00280203 A US00280203 A US 00280203A US 28020372 A US28020372 A US 28020372A US 3817744 A US3817744 A US 3817744A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tuyere
cooling
liquid
converter
cooling agent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00280203A
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English (en)
Inventor
M Queleu
E Sprunck
P Leroy
M Gombert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CREUSOT LOIRE SOC ANONYME FR
Creusot Loire SA
Wendel Sidelor SA
Original Assignee
Creusot Loire SA
Wendel Sidelor SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR6923145A external-priority patent/FR2050250A1/fr
Priority claimed from FR6938923A external-priority patent/FR2067143A1/fr
Priority claimed from FR7023078A external-priority patent/FR2092825B2/fr
Application filed by Creusot Loire SA, Wendel Sidelor SA filed Critical Creusot Loire SA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3817744A publication Critical patent/US3817744A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • C21C5/48—Bottoms or tuyéres of converters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
    • C21C5/34—Blowing through the bath

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in the methods of cooling the tuyere of a refining converter, more particularly of a submerged tuyere blowing in an upward direction, ether vertically or obliquely.
  • the Bessemer process has been in wide use, particularly in Europe, for over a century. It consists of blowing a blast of atmospheric air through a large number of holes (tuyeres) formed in the refractory substance comprising the bottom of an open-mouthed, cylindrical vessel containing a charge of molten iron to be refined. Steelmakers sought to enrich the blast with pure oxygen but soon found that when the oxygen content of the blast exceeded about 40 percent, the refractory bottom, particularly in the zones around the tuyeres, was rapidly consumed. Attempts at blowing pure oxygen were met with bottom failure, usually before one heat was completed. The cause of this high wear rate is believed to be a combination of localized high temperatures generated from the reaction of oxygen with the molten iron and the corrosive effect of the ferrous oxide produced by that reaction.
  • Lellep US. Pat. No. 2,333,654 discloses cooling the tuyeres in a converter bottom by circulating water in an annular duct surrounding the oxygen supply pipe but without the water contacting the hot metal. Lellep also provides a thin refractory 3,817,744 Patented June 18, 1974 lining on the bottom with water circulating in a closed passageway beneath the bottom. The danger of explosion associated with the presence of water in proximity to molten iron appears to have discouraged steel makers from adopting Lelleps teaching. Kosmider et al. US. No.
  • 2,829,879 teaches the use of copper tubes to form the tuyeres in a converter bottom instead of employing conventional tuyeres formed directly in the converter bottom. This arrangement relied upon the high heat conductivity of copper to effect cooling of the tuyere. Variations of the Kosmider et al. concept are disclosed in Savard et al. US. Pat. No. 2,855,293 and Compagnie Des messes et Forges de la Loire French Pat. No. 1,503,756. The more recent attempts to overcome erosion of the tuyere zones in a converter bottom-blown with oxygen involve the use of a double tuyere.
  • gases blown through the annulus to shield the oxygen jet are steam or carbon dioxide (Nonethelesshuette French Pat. No. 1,058,181; The Application of Oxygen in the Production of Steel, edited by I. P. Bardin and published by VEB Verlag Tecnik Berlin in 1959, p. 221; and Centre National de mecanics Metallurgiques Luxemburg Pat. No. 41,718); gaseous hydrocarbons (LAir Liquide French Pat. No. 1,450,718); and inert gas or vapor (Holmes et al. US. Pat. No. 3,397,878).
  • the cooling eflect of a gas or vapor is limited to (i) the sensitive heat absorbed by the gas in heating it and (ii) the heat absorbed in the thermal dissociation of the gaseous molecules.
  • the present invention provides a method of cooling the tuyere of a refining converter which comprises a double, separate feed system, characterized in that a cooling liquid such as water under pressure, liquid carbon dioxide or a hydrocarbon containing liquid is injected into the peripheral circuit.
  • a cooling liquid such as water under pressure, liquid carbon dioxide or a hydrocarbon containing liquid
  • the cooling liquid is introduced into a gap formed between two concentric tubular ducts, this gap being of annular or other configuration.
  • water under pressure is used as a cooling medium it is introduced into the peripheral circuit of each tuyere, possibly after preheating for example at 80 C. (176 F.).
  • an oxygen delivery duct having a cross-sectional passage area at least 30 times greater than that of the liquid passage duct in each tuyere.
  • the initial part of the blowing process is performed by introducing the oxidizing gas, for example pure oxygen, into the peripheral circuit and at the same time into the axial circuit, and after the beginning of the metal melt refining process, by producing a switching or reversal whereby the selected liquid under pressure is substituted for the oxidizing gas in the peripheral circuit alone.
  • the oxidizing gas for example pure oxygen
  • the pressure and temperature of the carbon dioxide used as cooling agent are in all cases selected with a view to keep the product in the liquid state until it penetrates into the tuyere, the pressure and temperature being advantageously of 5 to 25 bars (72 to 365 psi.) and 45 to l3 C. (49 to 8.6 F.) respectively, in which case the density of liquid carbon dioxide differs but slightly from that of water.
  • cooling agent there are utilized in succession, as cooling agent, firstly water and then liquid carbon dioxide, or conversely, firstly liquid carbon dioxide and then water, in a same set of tuyeres.
  • the first part of the conversion is carried out by using water as a tuyere cooling agent, and the second part of the conversion is carried out by using liquid carbon dioxide as a cooling agent.
  • the stirring of the metal melt by the carbon monoxide resulting from the decomposition of the carbon dioxide permits the release of the hydrogen contained in the melt before the conversion process is completed.
  • Another advantage is that it is relatively easy to switch from water to liquid carbon dioxide, or vice-verse, in a same set of tuyeres, since both liquids have approximately the same density.
  • a hydrocarbon-containing cooling liquid may be fuel-oil whether of domestic grade, or light fuel-oil, or heavy oil, or naphtha.
  • the hydrocarbon containing cooling liquid is a mixture of water and fuel-oil, or water and naphtha, this mixture being used if desired in the emulsion form.
  • the first part of the conversion process is carried out by utilizing a hydrocarbon-containing liquid as a cooling agent and the second part by utilizing liquid or gaseous carbon dioxide.
  • Another feature characterizing this invention consists of introducing a scavenging gaseous stream consisting of atmospheric air or neutral gas into the tuyere when the supply of oxidizing gas blown through the axial circuit, or the supply of cooling liquid is discontinued.
  • the desired cooling liquid output is adjusted by using means such as volumetric pumps for introducing this cooling liquid, by varying the pump pressure irrespective of the possible variations in the crosssectional passage area available for the liquid at the tip of the tuyere, as a consequence for example of partial clogging due to metal having set therein, and followed by a partial or complete remelting of the deposits thus formed.
  • the process of the invention with a device comprising two concentric tubes and being characterized in that those tubes are selected to have very close diameters and are positioned in mutual telescopic or sliding engagement.
  • Rectilinear splines or grooves are provided at the limit of the two concentric tubes, such splines or grooves being used for introducing the cooling liquid.
  • These splines may be machined on the outer face of the inner tube, the latter being slidably mounted in another tube with a very small clearance therebetween and these splines may extend transversely and have a circular or semi-circular cross-section, or constituted circular segments.
  • the device comprises, for introducing the cooling liquid, a number of helical splines or grooves formed at the limit of a pair of concentric tubes having very close diameters and slidably engaging each other. These helical splines or grooves are machined preferably on the outer face of the inner tube, the latter sliding in the other tube with a relatively small clearance.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are a vertical axial section and a horizontal cross-section, respectively, of a first embodiment of a device illustrating the use of the process of the present invention
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are similar views showing another embodiment of a device illustrating the use of the process of the present invention.
  • the device comprises, for blowing pure oxygen, a copper tube '10 having an inner diameter of for instance 3 mm. and an outer diameter of for instance 6 mm., sliding with a very moderate play in an outer metal tube 12 having an outer diameter of for instance 8 mm. and an inner diameter of for instance 6 mm.
  • an outer metal tube 12 having an outer diameter of for instance 8 mm. and an inner diameter of for instance 6 mm.
  • eight rectilinear splines or grooves 14 having a radius of for instance 0.3 mm.
  • the tuyere has a larger diameter and comprises for blowing oxygen a copper tube 16 centered at spaced points in an outer tube 18.
  • the annular space 20 is such that the cooling liquid output (water under pressure) is adequate, in this example, for an oxygen output of 7 to 10 Nmfi/min.
  • the conditioning of the liquid cooling agent is easier than that of gaseous agents
  • cooling according to the method of this invention by using a hydrocarbon-containing liquid is attended by the following advantages in comparison with water cooling: the cooling effect resulting from the vaporization heat, the heating due to overheating, and the dissociation heat, is completed by the effect resulting from the heat released as a consequence of the carbon dissolved in the metal melt, and'thus leads to a lower consumption of hydrocarbon-containing cooling liquid than if water alone were used, or alternatively to an improved cooling eifect at the tip of the tuyere.
  • the first relates to the cooling of tuyeres by using domestic fuel-oil having a density of 0.84.
  • the second relates to the cooling of tuyeres by using a mixture of water and domestic fuel-oil, in the proportion of 50/50.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrating the above-described tuyere which, except for the dimensions, may be used in the examples described hereinafter.
  • This tuyere comprises, for blowing pure oxygen, a copper tube 10 having an inner diameter of 11 mm. and an outer diameter of 14 mm., which slides with a very small clearance in an outer metal tub e 12 having an inner diameter of 14 mm. and an outer diameter of 16 mm.
  • On the outer surface of the copper tube there are machined eight rectilinear splines or grooves 14 of crescent-shaped or semi-circular*"cross-sectional contour, which are disposed at spaced ihtervals, therefore at 45 from each other, around the tube periphery.
  • the eight rectilinear splines or grooves of crescent-shaped cross-sectional contour have a cross-sectional passage area permitting the flow of a cooling fluid output adequate for accompanying an oxygen output of the order of Nmfi/min. in the central tube under an upstream pressure of about bars (145 p.s.i.).
  • the total cross-sectional passage area of the splines or grooves 14 (and therefore the radius of each spline or groove) is greater than that of the first example, wherein the cooling fluid is only consisting of domestic fuel-oil.
  • a suitable scavenging gas is blown through the circuit consisting of said splines or grooves 14 and also through the central tube 10 in order to protect the tip of those splines and also of the central tube against any clogging by a foreign substance from within the converter, however without allowing cooling liquid to flow into the converter in the horizontal inoperative position.
  • the reverse operation is performed, i.e., after having inclined or dumped the converter, on the one hand scavenging gas is substituted for the oxygen in the central tube and on the other hand scavenging gas is substituted for the fuel-oil or water and fuel-oil mixture in the splines.
  • cooling agent is injected peripherally of said tuyere tip.
  • said cooling agent is selected from at least one of the group con sisting of water, carbon dioxide in the liquid state and a liquid hydrocarbon.
  • cooling agent is injected in the liquid state into a gap formed by said tuyere and a tube concentrically surrounding said tuyere.
  • cooling agent is preheated. water injected under pressure.
  • cooling agent is liquid carbon dioxide.
  • cooling agent is a hydrocarbon-containing liquid.
  • said bydrocarbon-containing liquid is fuel oil.
  • cooling agent consists of a mixture of water and hydrocarboncontaining liquid in emulsion form.
  • a predetermined amount of cooling agent injected into the converter is maintained by varying the pressure of injection in accordance with variations in said gap due to partial clogging thereof by metal having solidified therein.
  • the method of cooling the tip of a tuyere submerged in said converter, said tuyere being used for introducing an oxidizing gas into said converter comprising: injecting a first cooling agent into said converter peripherally of said tuyere during a first period of said refining process, said first cooling agent being water in the liquid state up to the tip of said tuyere, and injecting a second cooling agent into said converter peripherally of said tuyere during a second period of said refining operation, said second cooling agent being carbon dioxide in the liquid state up to the tip of said tuyere.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
US00280203A 1969-07-08 1972-08-14 Method for cooling a tuyere of a refining converter Expired - Lifetime US3817744A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR6923145A FR2050250A1 (en) 1969-07-08 1969-07-08 Cooling upward-blowing immersed tuyere of refining converter
FR6938923A FR2067143A1 (en) 1969-11-13 1969-11-13 Cooling upward-blowing immersed tuyere of refining converter
FR7023078A FR2092825B2 (ja) 1970-06-23 1970-06-23

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US3817744A true US3817744A (en) 1974-06-18

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US00280203A Expired - Lifetime US3817744A (en) 1969-07-08 1972-08-14 Method for cooling a tuyere of a refining converter

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US (1) US3817744A (ja)
BE (1) BE752893A (ja)
DE (1) DE2033975C3 (ja)
LU (1) LU61271A1 (ja)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3891429A (en) * 1973-06-07 1975-06-24 Koppers Co Inc Method for selective decarburization of alloy steels
US3990890A (en) * 1972-05-17 1976-11-09 Creusot-Loire Process for refining molten copper matte with an enriched oxygen blow
US3997334A (en) * 1972-04-28 1976-12-14 Centre De Recherches Metallurgiques-Centrum Voor Research In De Metallurgie Introduction of a liquid into a receptacle such as a converter
US4157813A (en) * 1977-01-21 1979-06-12 Creusot-Loire Process for protecting a metallurgical tuyere against wear while minimizing the amount of liquid cooling agent supplied thereto
US4171216A (en) * 1977-04-25 1979-10-16 Creusot-Loire Process for refining non-ferrous matte
JPS54133415A (en) * 1978-03-29 1979-10-17 Centre Rech Metallurgique Improved smelting of pig iron in converter
US4230307A (en) * 1977-09-26 1980-10-28 O'okiep Copper Company Limited Cooling apparatus for copper converter opening
US4249719A (en) * 1974-08-08 1981-02-10 Eisenwerk-Gesellschaft Maximilianshutte Mbh Tuyere for the injection of reaction gas
US4382817A (en) * 1980-01-02 1983-05-10 Institute De Recherches De La Siderurgie Francaise Process for periodically and pneumatically stirring a bath of molten metal
US4385753A (en) * 1980-03-05 1983-05-31 Creusot-Loire Tuyere for the simultaneous and separate introduction of at least one gas and one powder material
US4397684A (en) * 1981-03-11 1983-08-09 Institut De Recherches De La Siderurgie Francaise Irsid Process for pneumatic stirring of a bath of molten metal
US4438907A (en) * 1981-06-03 1984-03-27 Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha Gas blowing nozzle, and production and usage thereof
US4462824A (en) * 1983-06-14 1984-07-31 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Annular tuyere
US4890821A (en) * 1980-04-08 1990-01-02 Nixon Ivor G Metallurgical processes
US5443572A (en) * 1993-12-03 1995-08-22 Molten Metal Technology, Inc. Apparatus and method for submerged injection of a feed composition into a molten metal bath

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2207998B1 (ja) * 1972-11-28 1975-01-03 Creusot Loire
DE2324086C3 (de) * 1973-05-12 1985-05-09 Eisenwerk-Gesellschaft Maximilianshütte mbH, 8458 Sulzbach-Rosenberg Düse zum Einleiten von Frischgas
JPS6049687B2 (ja) * 1980-02-27 1985-11-05 川崎製鉄株式会社 羽口冷却方法
JPS5873732A (ja) * 1981-10-26 1983-05-04 Nippon Steel Corp 金属の精錬方法
WO1984000980A1 (en) * 1982-09-03 1984-03-15 N Proizv Ob Tulatschermet Tuyere for bottom blowing through the metal
DE102012202101B4 (de) * 2012-02-13 2015-04-02 Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Thermisch hochbelastbare Düse

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1940341A (en) * 1928-08-14 1933-12-19 Krupp Ag Treating iron baths
FR1246855A (fr) * 1959-10-13 1960-11-25 Creusot Forges Ateliers Perfectionnements aux tubes de soufflage d'air pour fonds de convertisseurs
LU41718A1 (ja) * 1962-05-15 1963-11-15
BE635868A (ja) * 1962-08-07
FR1450718A (fr) * 1965-07-12 1966-06-24 Air Liquide Perfectionnements à des procédés métallurgiques
GB1253581A (en) * 1968-02-24 1971-11-17 Maximilianshuette Eisenwerk Improvements in processes and apparatus for making steel

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3997334A (en) * 1972-04-28 1976-12-14 Centre De Recherches Metallurgiques-Centrum Voor Research In De Metallurgie Introduction of a liquid into a receptacle such as a converter
US3990890A (en) * 1972-05-17 1976-11-09 Creusot-Loire Process for refining molten copper matte with an enriched oxygen blow
US3891429A (en) * 1973-06-07 1975-06-24 Koppers Co Inc Method for selective decarburization of alloy steels
US4249719A (en) * 1974-08-08 1981-02-10 Eisenwerk-Gesellschaft Maximilianshutte Mbh Tuyere for the injection of reaction gas
US4157813A (en) * 1977-01-21 1979-06-12 Creusot-Loire Process for protecting a metallurgical tuyere against wear while minimizing the amount of liquid cooling agent supplied thereto
US4171216A (en) * 1977-04-25 1979-10-16 Creusot-Loire Process for refining non-ferrous matte
US4230307A (en) * 1977-09-26 1980-10-28 O'okiep Copper Company Limited Cooling apparatus for copper converter opening
JPS6139376B2 (ja) * 1978-03-29 1986-09-03 Santoru Do Rusherushu Metaryurujiiku
JPS54133415A (en) * 1978-03-29 1979-10-17 Centre Rech Metallurgique Improved smelting of pig iron in converter
US4382817A (en) * 1980-01-02 1983-05-10 Institute De Recherches De La Siderurgie Francaise Process for periodically and pneumatically stirring a bath of molten metal
US4385753A (en) * 1980-03-05 1983-05-31 Creusot-Loire Tuyere for the simultaneous and separate introduction of at least one gas and one powder material
US4890821A (en) * 1980-04-08 1990-01-02 Nixon Ivor G Metallurgical processes
US4397684A (en) * 1981-03-11 1983-08-09 Institut De Recherches De La Siderurgie Francaise Irsid Process for pneumatic stirring of a bath of molten metal
US4438907A (en) * 1981-06-03 1984-03-27 Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha Gas blowing nozzle, and production and usage thereof
US4462824A (en) * 1983-06-14 1984-07-31 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Annular tuyere
US5443572A (en) * 1993-12-03 1995-08-22 Molten Metal Technology, Inc. Apparatus and method for submerged injection of a feed composition into a molten metal bath

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2033975C3 (de) 1981-11-26
LU61271A1 (ja) 1971-09-22
BE752893A (fr) 1970-12-16
DE2033975A1 (de) 1971-01-21
DE2033975B2 (de) 1977-08-25

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