US3815221A - Method for holding sheet material by a vacuum holddown - Google Patents

Method for holding sheet material by a vacuum holddown Download PDF

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Publication number
US3815221A
US3815221A US36218773A US3815221A US 3815221 A US3815221 A US 3815221A US 36218773 A US36218773 A US 36218773A US 3815221 A US3815221 A US 3815221A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
layup
air
supporting surface
sheet material
impervious
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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English (en)
Inventor
D Pearl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gerber Technology LLC
Original Assignee
Gerber Garment Technology Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gerber Garment Technology Inc filed Critical Gerber Garment Technology Inc
Priority to US36218773 priority Critical patent/US3815221A/en
Priority to FR7414792A priority patent/FR2230787A1/fr
Priority to JP5237974A priority patent/JPS5215831B2/ja
Priority to DE2423956A priority patent/DE2423956A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3815221A publication Critical patent/US3815221A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26DCUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/01Means for holding or positioning work
    • B26D7/018Holding the work by suction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S83/00Cutting
    • Y10S83/929Particular nature of work or product
    • Y10S83/936Cloth or leather
    • Y10S83/939Cloth or leather with work support
    • Y10S83/94Cutter moves along bar, bar moves perpendicularly
    • Y10S83/941Work support comprising penetratable bed
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49998Work holding
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00Cutting
    • Y10T83/04Processes
    • Y10T83/0476Including stacking of plural workpieces

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method for holding relatively stiff sheet material such as denim while it is being worked upon in a multi-ply layup on a supporting surface.
  • the top ply of the layup is covered along its peripheral region by an air-impervious material extending from the supporting surface adjacent the side of the layup up to the top ply at its periphery.
  • the central region of the top ply within the covered peripheral region' is left uncovered and exposed to the ambient air.
  • a vacuum is generated between the air-impervious material and the sheet material of the layup. This vacuum produces forces across the air-impervious material to compress the layup against the supporting surface thereby holding the layup in place.
  • the present invention relates to the automated cutting of fabrics especially the stiff or coarse fabrics such as denim.
  • the conventional automated cutting process involves passing a reciprocating cutting tool through a multi-ply layup of the sheet material as the tool is automatically guided along a prescribed cutting path in response to signals from a computer or numerical controller.
  • One method of holding the layup in position on a support surface during the cutting operation is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,598,006 entitled METHOD FOR WORK- ING ON SHEET MATERIAL AND OTHERv OB- JECTS, having the same assignee as the present invention.
  • the layup is covered with a sheet of air-impervious material such as polyethylene and then a vacuum is generated between the supporting surface and the air-impervious material. The vacuum creates forces across the air-impervious material which compress the whole layup against the supporting surface.
  • this holding method causes the layup, particularly in the central region to become too'tightly compressed and compacted.
  • the stiff, compressed material becomes so hard that it is very difficult to advance a cutting tool through the layup especially along a curved cutting path where the tool is required to rotate and maintain an orientation generally tangent to the path.
  • the present invention seeks to avoid this result by providing means'whereby the layup is held in place by compressing it only at its periphery and leaving the central region within the periphery more loosely packed.
  • the material thereby offers much less resistance to the cutting tool and allows the material to flow around the tool as it advances and turns within the layup.
  • This invention resides in a method of holding down a multi-ply'layup of sheet material by compressing only the periphery of the layup against a supporting surface.
  • the layup is first positioned on the supporting surface and then is covered by air-impervious material at the periphery of the top ply and along the sides of the layup between the top ply and the supporting surface.
  • the air-impervious material may be a flexible film, a rigid material or combinations of flexible and rigid material.
  • the central region of the top ply is left exposed to ambient air.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an automatically controlledcutting device having a vacuum table with-a layup of sheet material positioned thereon and covered with a sheet of air-impervious material in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the vacuum table and cutting tool of FIG. I with a vacuum imposed on the layup.
  • FIG. 3 is atop plan view of a layup showinga cutting tool in cross section moving through flexible or pliable material.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a layup formed of stiff sheet material and shows the cutting tool duringa cutting operation conducted in accordance with the present invention. 7
  • FIG. 5 is a fragmentary, cross-sectional view showing one manner of covering the periphery of the layup on the vacuum table with an air-impervious material.
  • FIG. 6 is a fragmentary, cross-sectional view showing another manner of covering the periphery of the layup with an air-impervious sheet material.
  • FIG. 7 is a fragmentary, cross-sectional view showing a manner of covering the periphery of the layup on a 7 table without a built-in vacuum system.
  • avacuum support table 12 includes an air-permeable bed 14 comprised of closely packed bristles or the like which define a flat supporting surface 16.
  • the exact nature of the supporting bed is not critical to the present invention; however, it is advantageous in the cutting device if the bed is airpermeable and of a type which may be repeatedly penetrated by a cutting tool.
  • the sheets of material or fabric to be cut may then be positioned on the supporting surface in overlying relation to each other to form a multi-ply layup 30 which is completely penetrated by the tool.
  • a cutting tool typically in the form of a reciprocating knife blade 18 as shown in FIG. 2, is movably mounted on a cutting head 20 for rotation about an axis perpendicular to the supporting surface 16. The blade may then move tangentially along curved cutting paths in the layup.
  • a presser foot 21 having a central cutout accommodating the blade 18 is also supported fromthe cutting head 20 for adjustment above the supporting surface 16. The presser foot slides over the upper surface of the layup under its own weight, or under the in fluence of other adjusting devices, to prevent the sheet material from lifting excessively with the blade on. its upstroke.
  • the cutting head 20 is translatably mounted on a carriage 22 for movement laterally of the table and the carriage 22 is translatable longitudinally of the table 12 on a system of racks or ways 24.
  • Suitable drive means move the carriage 22, the cutting head 20 and the knife blade 18 relative to each other andthe table 12 in response to commands from a control computer 26. In this way, the blade 18 may be moved automatically along a predetermined cutting path through the layup of material to be cut.
  • the layup is first covered with a sheet of flexible, air-impervious material 32 such as polyethylene.
  • a vacuum is then generated on the supportingsurface l6 and along the lateral edges of the layup between the polyethylene sheet and the sheet material of the layup. This is done by drawing air downwardly through the air permeable bed 14. The decreased pressure associated with the vacuum results in a distribution of forces across the polyethylene sheet which causes the sheet to bear down on the layup compressing it against the supporting surface 16.
  • the present invention eliminates the problem associated with stiffer fabrics by utilizing a modified form of the foregoing holddown technique in conjunction with the inherent stiffness of the layup material.
  • a sheet or film of air-impervious material 32 instead of covering the layup completely with a sheet or film of air-impervious material 32, only the lateral sides 33 of the layup and the perimeter or peripheral region 34 of the top ply are covered.
  • the central region 36- of the top ply within the peripheral region is left exposed to 1 the ambient air.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the layup 30 at the rear of the blade 18 and illustrates the cutting operation when the stiffer, and heavier fabrics are cut in accordance with the present invention.
  • the upper plies of sheet material may be lifted slightly upward to form a peak at the cutting blade 18.
  • the presser foot 21 limits the upward movement and serves as a cutting anvil for the blade.
  • the peaking action in the absence of the overlay occurs because the stiff material fails to yield laterally in the plane of the material and the only direction free for movement is upward away from the supporting surface 16.
  • the peaking action opens a small slot for the blade as in FIG. 3 or at least reduces the binding forces and resulting friction which would otherwise be experiencedby the blade throughout the entire depth of the layup.
  • air-impervious sheet material 32 is placed in direct contact with'the layup at the peripheral region 34 of the top plyand along the lateral sides 33 of the layup as shown in FIGS. 2 and 5.
  • a vacuum is then generated between the airimpervious material andjthc layup to produce holddown forces only along the peripheral region of the layup and thereby prevent the plies of the layup from shearing relative to each other or shifting on the supblock 40.
  • This method of holding the layup is particua larly'ad'vantageous where the sheet material of the layup itself is air-impervious.
  • the permeable block ensures that air is withdrawn from the peripheral region of the layup at each ply. In this way, air is withdrawn more uniformly over the entire side of the layup.
  • FIG. 7 The form of the inventionshown in FIG. 7 is similar in operation to that shown in FIG. 6, but is particularly adapted for use with tables which have no vacuum system built into the surface supportingthe layup. Also, the peripheral regions of the layup are covered by a combination of flexible and rigid materials which are air impervious. A slotted orapertured channel member 42 of an air-imperviousmaterial such as aluminum, is utilized in place of the air permeableblock 40. A. strip of flexible, air-impervious material 32 is placed on the peripheral region ofv the top ply and overlaps the top of the relatively rigid channel member 42. A vacuum pump (not shown) is connected to the interior of the channel-member and air is drawn out of the layup through slots 44 in the channel member to createv the desired holddown forces.
  • a vacuum pump (not shown) is connected to the interior of the channel-member and air is drawn out of the layup through slots 44 in the channel member to createv the desired holddown forces.
  • the channel member 42 andv the suppor'tbed 46 establish an air-tight seal.
  • the support bed 46 may be of the type suitable for penetration by a cutting tool, but need not be air permeable. While the present invention has been described in several preferred forms, it will be readily apparent that numerous modifications and substitutions can be had without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, if the channel member 42 and the support bed 46 in FIG. 7 are incapable of establishing an adequate seal to generate a vacuum within the peripheral region of the layup 30, the flexible sheet of air impervious material 32 may extend from the top ply of the layup over the entire channel member 42 onto the supporting surface of the bed '46. The flexible material in this case would be better adapted to establish the necessary seal. Accordingly, the present invention has been described in several preferred forms by way of illustration rather than limitation.
  • a method of holding sheet material on a supporting surface comprising the steps of:
  • a method of holding sheet material as recited in claim 1 wherein the step of covering the layup comprises spreading an air-impervious sheet material from the supporting surface adjacent the side of the layup to the periphery of the top ply.
  • a method of holding as defined in claim 1 wherein the step of covering comprises spreading a sheet of flexible air-impervious material along the peripheral region of the top ply of the layup.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Jigs For Machine Tools (AREA)
  • Nonmetal Cutting Devices (AREA)
US36218773 1973-05-21 1973-05-21 Method for holding sheet material by a vacuum holddown Expired - Lifetime US3815221A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US36218773 US3815221A (en) 1973-05-21 1973-05-21 Method for holding sheet material by a vacuum holddown
FR7414792A FR2230787A1 (ja) 1973-05-21 1974-04-29
JP5237974A JPS5215831B2 (ja) 1973-05-21 1974-05-13
DE2423956A DE2423956A1 (de) 1973-05-21 1974-05-15 Vorrichtung zum selbsttaetigen schneiden von steifem oder grobem flachmaterial, insbesondere zwillich oder drillich

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US36218773 US3815221A (en) 1973-05-21 1973-05-21 Method for holding sheet material by a vacuum holddown

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US3815221A true US3815221A (en) 1974-06-11

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JP (1) JPS5215831B2 (ja)
DE (1) DE2423956A1 (ja)
FR (1) FR2230787A1 (ja)

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2405117A1 (fr) * 1977-10-07 1979-05-04 Gerber Garment Technology Inc Appareil de coupe au moyen d'un jet de fluide
US4213698A (en) * 1978-12-01 1980-07-22 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Apparatus and method for holding and planarizing thin workpieces
US4262594A (en) * 1978-12-22 1981-04-21 Logescan Systems, Inc. Method and apparatus for manipulating and transporting image media
US4322993A (en) * 1979-03-06 1982-04-06 Stumpf Guenter O Arrangement in a cutting apparatus for engaging and retaining a web-like material, particularly superposed material webs
USRE31053E (en) * 1978-01-23 1982-10-12 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Apparatus and method for holding and planarizing thin workpieces
US4419913A (en) * 1980-09-13 1983-12-13 Aristo Graphic Systeme Gmbh & Co., Kg Method of cutting patterns in web material
US4527346A (en) * 1983-09-14 1985-07-09 Macpherson, Inc. Sheet material stacking, conveying and cutting method and apparatus
EP0155665A2 (en) * 1984-03-19 1985-09-25 Ontario Die Company, Limited Vacuum die cutting apparatus for foam backed materials
US4672870A (en) * 1984-10-04 1987-06-16 Ontario Die Company Limited Vacuum die cutting apparatus for foam backed materials
WO1987006167A1 (en) * 1986-04-18 1987-10-22 Dynamotion Corporation High speed precision drilling system
US4799659A (en) * 1987-07-22 1989-01-24 Northern Telecom Limited Pin insertion support member for circuit boards
US5089971A (en) * 1990-04-09 1992-02-18 Gerber Garment Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for cutting parts from hides or similar irregular pieces of sheet material
US5129295A (en) * 1990-03-13 1992-07-14 Ontario Die Company Limited Method of cutting compressible materials
US5267511A (en) * 1991-01-31 1993-12-07 Waterbury Companies, Inc. Device for pressing buttons by resisting upward movement
US5301402A (en) * 1991-01-31 1994-04-12 Waterbury Companies, Inc. Automated button closing machine
US5327623A (en) * 1991-01-31 1994-07-12 Noel Charles E Semi-automated button closing machine
EP0761391A1 (en) * 1995-09-11 1997-03-12 Aluminium Company Of America Method for holding a workpiece by vacuum
US5709023A (en) * 1992-09-01 1998-01-20 Lallement; Regis Device and method for reducing the effective cutting surface of a cutting machine
US5740711A (en) * 1995-01-23 1998-04-21 Ramirez; Rudy R. Work piece guide for saw
US5924185A (en) * 1995-04-20 1999-07-20 Lectra Systemes Device and method for reducing the effective cutting surface of a cutting machine
US20030019342A1 (en) * 2001-07-26 2003-01-30 Matteo Zanesi Suction assembly for the cutting surface of machines for cutting sheet materials
US20040099107A1 (en) * 2002-07-26 2004-05-27 Gerber Technology, Inc. Apparatus and method for cutting sheet-type work material using a blade reciprocated via a tuned resonator
US9789991B2 (en) 2013-08-28 2017-10-17 Avery Dennison Corporation Reactor plate assembly and brush anvil for use in conjunction therewith
US9792839B2 (en) 2010-12-23 2017-10-17 Avery Dennison Corporation Wide filament fastener and stock
CN109610151A (zh) * 2018-12-27 2019-04-12 宁波开闰制衣有限公司 服装制作裁剪用的工作台
WO2022226789A1 (zh) * 2021-04-27 2022-11-03 苏州新民丝绸有限公司 一种丝绸坯布裁剪装置

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5268728A (en) * 1975-12-05 1977-06-07 Hasegawa Komuten Kk Method of causing reinforced bar itself to supporting concrete form
JPS6146129Y2 (ja) * 1980-07-05 1986-12-25
JPH0666105B2 (ja) * 1984-08-24 1994-08-24 ソニー株式会社 デイジタルデ−タレコ−ダ
JPH08396B2 (ja) * 1985-10-07 1996-01-10 株式会社川上製作所 積層シ−ト材の真空圧縮移動装置
JPH085038B2 (ja) * 1986-12-17 1996-01-24 株式会社川上製作所 積層シ−ト材の真空圧縮装置
DE4442916A1 (de) * 1994-12-01 1996-06-05 Heinrich Baumann Fa Schneidmaschine und Verfahren zum Beschneiden eines Schneidgut-Stapels

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3495492A (en) * 1969-05-05 1970-02-17 Gerber Garment Technology Inc Apparatus for working on sheet material
US3598006A (en) * 1970-02-02 1971-08-10 Gerber Garment Technology Inc Method for working on sheet material and other objects
US3682750A (en) * 1969-12-09 1972-08-08 Gerber Garment Technology Inc Cutting apparatus with vacuum hold-down and cut sealing means
US3742802A (en) * 1972-04-06 1973-07-03 Gerber Garment Technology Inc Sheet material cutting apparatus including a vacuum holddown system having a roller mechanism for handling air-impermeable sheets
US3765289A (en) * 1971-01-15 1973-10-16 Gerber Garment Technology Inc Vacuum hold-down apparatus

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3495492A (en) * 1969-05-05 1970-02-17 Gerber Garment Technology Inc Apparatus for working on sheet material
US3682750A (en) * 1969-12-09 1972-08-08 Gerber Garment Technology Inc Cutting apparatus with vacuum hold-down and cut sealing means
US3598006A (en) * 1970-02-02 1971-08-10 Gerber Garment Technology Inc Method for working on sheet material and other objects
US3765289A (en) * 1971-01-15 1973-10-16 Gerber Garment Technology Inc Vacuum hold-down apparatus
US3742802A (en) * 1972-04-06 1973-07-03 Gerber Garment Technology Inc Sheet material cutting apparatus including a vacuum holddown system having a roller mechanism for handling air-impermeable sheets

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2405117A1 (fr) * 1977-10-07 1979-05-04 Gerber Garment Technology Inc Appareil de coupe au moyen d'un jet de fluide
US4312254A (en) * 1977-10-07 1982-01-26 Gerber Garment Technology, Inc. Fluid jet apparatus for cutting sheet material
USRE31053E (en) * 1978-01-23 1982-10-12 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Apparatus and method for holding and planarizing thin workpieces
US4213698A (en) * 1978-12-01 1980-07-22 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Apparatus and method for holding and planarizing thin workpieces
US4262594A (en) * 1978-12-22 1981-04-21 Logescan Systems, Inc. Method and apparatus for manipulating and transporting image media
US4322993A (en) * 1979-03-06 1982-04-06 Stumpf Guenter O Arrangement in a cutting apparatus for engaging and retaining a web-like material, particularly superposed material webs
US4419913A (en) * 1980-09-13 1983-12-13 Aristo Graphic Systeme Gmbh & Co., Kg Method of cutting patterns in web material
US4527346A (en) * 1983-09-14 1985-07-09 Macpherson, Inc. Sheet material stacking, conveying and cutting method and apparatus
EP0155665A2 (en) * 1984-03-19 1985-09-25 Ontario Die Company, Limited Vacuum die cutting apparatus for foam backed materials
EP0155665A3 (en) * 1984-03-19 1986-08-06 Ontario Die Company, Limited Vacuum die cutting apparatus for foam backed materials
US4672870A (en) * 1984-10-04 1987-06-16 Ontario Die Company Limited Vacuum die cutting apparatus for foam backed materials
WO1987006167A1 (en) * 1986-04-18 1987-10-22 Dynamotion Corporation High speed precision drilling system
US4761876A (en) * 1986-04-18 1988-08-09 Dynamotion Corporation High speed precision drilling system
US4799659A (en) * 1987-07-22 1989-01-24 Northern Telecom Limited Pin insertion support member for circuit boards
US5129295A (en) * 1990-03-13 1992-07-14 Ontario Die Company Limited Method of cutting compressible materials
US5089971A (en) * 1990-04-09 1992-02-18 Gerber Garment Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for cutting parts from hides or similar irregular pieces of sheet material
US5301402A (en) * 1991-01-31 1994-04-12 Waterbury Companies, Inc. Automated button closing machine
US5327623A (en) * 1991-01-31 1994-07-12 Noel Charles E Semi-automated button closing machine
US5267511A (en) * 1991-01-31 1993-12-07 Waterbury Companies, Inc. Device for pressing buttons by resisting upward movement
US5709023A (en) * 1992-09-01 1998-01-20 Lallement; Regis Device and method for reducing the effective cutting surface of a cutting machine
US5740711A (en) * 1995-01-23 1998-04-21 Ramirez; Rudy R. Work piece guide for saw
US5924185A (en) * 1995-04-20 1999-07-20 Lectra Systemes Device and method for reducing the effective cutting surface of a cutting machine
EP0761391A1 (en) * 1995-09-11 1997-03-12 Aluminium Company Of America Method for holding a workpiece by vacuum
US20030019342A1 (en) * 2001-07-26 2003-01-30 Matteo Zanesi Suction assembly for the cutting surface of machines for cutting sheet materials
US20040099107A1 (en) * 2002-07-26 2004-05-27 Gerber Technology, Inc. Apparatus and method for cutting sheet-type work material using a blade reciprocated via a tuned resonator
US9792839B2 (en) 2010-12-23 2017-10-17 Avery Dennison Corporation Wide filament fastener and stock
US9789991B2 (en) 2013-08-28 2017-10-17 Avery Dennison Corporation Reactor plate assembly and brush anvil for use in conjunction therewith
CN109610151A (zh) * 2018-12-27 2019-04-12 宁波开闰制衣有限公司 服装制作裁剪用的工作台
WO2022226789A1 (zh) * 2021-04-27 2022-11-03 苏州新民丝绸有限公司 一种丝绸坯布裁剪装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5215831B2 (ja) 1977-05-04
JPS5014897A (ja) 1975-02-17
FR2230787A1 (ja) 1974-12-20
DE2423956A1 (de) 1974-12-12

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