US3811878A - Production of powder metallurgical parts by preform and forge process utilizing sucrose as a binder - Google Patents

Production of powder metallurgical parts by preform and forge process utilizing sucrose as a binder Download PDF

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Publication number
US3811878A
US3811878A US00312461A US31246172A US3811878A US 3811878 A US3811878 A US 3811878A US 00312461 A US00312461 A US 00312461A US 31246172 A US31246172 A US 31246172A US 3811878 A US3811878 A US 3811878A
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United States
Prior art keywords
preform
sucrose
powder
mold
metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00312461A
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English (en)
Inventor
H Chao
R Judd
R Rueckl
C Russell
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United States Steel Corp
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Steel Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Steel Corp filed Critical Steel Corp
Priority to US00312461A priority Critical patent/US3811878A/en
Priority to GB5540073A priority patent/GB1415015A/en
Priority to AU63109/73A priority patent/AU473844B2/en
Priority to NL7316613A priority patent/NL7316613A/xx
Priority to BR9488/73A priority patent/BR7309488D0/pt
Priority to CA187,435A priority patent/CA996784A/en
Priority to ES421170A priority patent/ES421170A1/es
Priority to FR7343628A priority patent/FR2209627B1/fr
Priority to DE2360914A priority patent/DE2360914C2/de
Priority to BE138613A priority patent/BE808330A/xx
Priority to IT70593/73A priority patent/IT999914B/it
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Publication of US3811878A publication Critical patent/US3811878A/en
Assigned to USX CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE reassignment USX CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION (MERGED INTO)
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
    • B22F1/145—Chemical treatment, e.g. passivation or decarburisation

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Metal particles are intimately mixed with a sufficient amount of sucrose to effect the desired degree of deoxidation and/or carburization.
  • the mixture is poured into a mold and is then processed by (a) baking at low temperature to form a green compact with sufficient handling strength for further sintering and/or hot working or (b) heating to above sintering temperature to form a stronger compact similarly useful for hot forging.
  • This invention is related to the production of powder metal preforms and is particularly related to a process in which such preforms may be made from economical, as-atomized metal powders.
  • metal powders partate metals
  • these methods include, for example, electrolytic processes, ore reduction processes and gas and water atomization processes.
  • electrolytic processes ore reduction processes
  • gas and water atomization processes The latter process has recently come to the forefront, especially in the production of ferrous metal powders, since the process is generally more economical and produces particles of a shape and density which provice a powder compact with enhanced physical properties.
  • US. Pat. No. 3,325,277 is illustrative of a water atomization process which is being commercially employed.
  • the asatomized powder In order to produce a powder useful for further compacting, the asatomized powder must first be annealed in a reducing atmosphere to soften the powders and reduce the oxide surface thereof.
  • these powders are then compacted under pressure and then heated to elevated temperature to form the desired powder metal part or, in a more recent development, are similarly compacted under pressure and then heated to elevated temperature to produce a preform, which is then employed for production of the final part.
  • Another object of this invention is to eliminate the limitations imposed by practically sized compacting presses, in the production of powder metal preforms.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide a process which enables the use of relatively inexpensive and expendable molds in the production of powder metal preforms.
  • FIG. 2 which is a flow diagram of the basic embodiments of this invention for the production of powder metal preforms.
  • sucrose which serves to (a) reduce the oxidized surface of the powder, (b) act as a carburizing agent to achieve the desired carbon content in the powder metal preform, and in a further embodiment, (c) act as a binder when heated to low temperatures, serving to provide a green preform which may be handled and transported for further processing.
  • the preform is produced by admixing the annealed and ground powders with a lubricant, and then compacting under high pressures, generally in excess of 30 tons per square inch. Utilizing such a procedure, it is necessary that fully processed (annealed and ground) powder exhibiting a considerable degree of irregularity of particle shape be employed to insure adequate strength for handling after pressing.
  • the resulting green preform is then sintered under a protecting atmosphere at temperatures of about 2,000 F. In some commercial procedures the pressing and sintering are accomplished simultaneously. This procedure has not received significant commercial utilization, because of the severe limitations imposed by the necessity of providing die materials which exhibit very high strength at rather elevated.
  • the blended mixture of powder metal and sucrose is poured into a ceramic or metal mold, preferably vibrated to a bulk density substantially in excess of apparent density, and then heated at 1,2002,400 F in a protective atmosphere to effect annealing and sintering in one step.
  • sintering is directed to the joining together of metal particles/by the application of heat in the absence of substantial ex- I ternal pressures, i.e. pressures in excess of l tsi.
  • the carbon reducible oxides e.g.
  • the' as-atomized metal powder-sucrose mixture is poured into a mold and baked at a temperature (generally 350500 F) sufficient to soften the sucrose and thereby form a cohesive green preform.
  • a temperature generally 350500 F
  • the relatively low-temperatures which may be employed in this baking procedure, allows the use of a variety of inexpensive, expendable mold materials such as various plastics or rubbers or even paper; the only requirement being that the mold material be capable of withstanding the rather low baking temperature. Therefore, while ceramic or metal molds may be utilized. the full economic benefits of this embodiment will be realized by utilizing such inexpensive, expendable molds. Ceramic molds present a further problem in that it is often difficult to remove the preform without the necessity of special precautions being taken.
  • the cohesive baked preform After the cohesive baked preform is discharged from the mold, it may be processed by either of two alternative routes, dependent primarily on equipment availability and the size of the preform.
  • the preform In the first of these routes, the preform is heated in a protective atmosphere and forged in a manner similar to the conventional preform and forge process.
  • the baked preform In the second route, the baked preform is sintered (heating for at least minutes at temperature, preferably l,800-2,200 F) in a protective atmosphere and then forged directly, making use of the sensible heat of sintering; or cooled and then reheated for forging at a later time.
  • the metal powder-binder combinations were blended and poured into the preform mold, which was mechanically vibrated to achieve a bulk density substantially in excess of apparent density.
  • the metal powder-sucrose mixture be essentially dry, i.e. less than 0.5
  • source powders may be divided into two categories: (a) relatively pure metal powders with carbon reducible oxygen contents below about 200 ppm (e.g., inert gas atomized powder, electrolytic powders, rotating electrode powders) and (b) metal powders or particles with carbon reducible oxygen contents sub stantially in excess of 200 ppm (e.g., as-atomized pow- TABLE 1 Weight Baking conditions of binder Binder type (percent) Temp. (F) Time (min.) Results Dextrose 2.5 400 Stuck to mold. no strength, could not be handled.
  • relatively pure metal powders with carbon reducible oxygen contents below about 200 ppm e.g., inert gas atomized powder, electrolytic powders, rotating electrode powders
  • metal powders or particles with carbon reducible oxygen contents sub stantially in excess of 200 ppm e.g., as-atomized pow- TABLE 1 Weight Baking conditions of binder Binder type (percent) Temp. (F) Time (min.) Results
  • the carbon would then be removed as a result of heating in a controlled atmosphere during sintering and/or prior to forging.
  • the amount of sucrose added in such a case will be insufficient to act as an effective binder in the production of a baked preform, i.e. route II, and only the sinter preform embodiment would be applicable.
  • the required amount of sucrose will be sufficient to permit the utilization of both embodiments of this invention.
  • the instant procedures are of particularly notable advantage when employing metal particles of category (b), i.e. those with carbon reducible oxygen contents substantially in excess of 200 ppm. If the latter type particles crose, when employed in a relatively pure state, preferably less than 2 peicent ash content, exhibits an exceedingly high and uniform reactivity, approaching that of the better natural graphites.
  • the ferrous metal powder-sucrose combination is intimately mixed, i.e., by blending, to achieve a uniform distribution; poured into the mold; vibrated to increase density and then baked at temperatures in excess of about 350 F, to glue the particles together and achieve sufficient green strength for further processing.
  • At least about 1.5 wt. percent sucrose is required to achieve a baked preform with sufficient handling strength.
  • 'water atomized ferrous powders (with carbon reducible oxygen contents of 1,000 to 20,000 ppm) require the addition. of from about 2 to 10 percent sucrose.
  • the baking is generally accomplished in air; in which case temperatures in excess of about 500 F are undesirable due to excessive carbon oxidation. Obviously, no such temperature limitation is imposed, if the baking is accomplished in a non-oxidizing atmosphere.
  • the baked preform was removed from the mold and sintered in a hydrogen atmosphere at 2,050 F for 30 minutes.
  • the baked and sintered preform was cooled and shipped to another facility for further processing, which comprised heating the preform inductively (in an atmosphere of 5 percent H percent N to various temperatures within the range of 1,200 to l,700 F.
  • the heated preforrns were then immediately forged at about 60 tons/in and then air cooled.
  • the resultant mechanical properties of the so forged test bars are shown in Table III. Noteworthy, is the relatively high ductility and good notch toughness achieved, especially in view of the significant costreductions realized using the instant process.
  • the differential gears were then further evaluated in the drift-pin test.
  • Test bars were stress-relieved for one hour at I000F before testing. 2 Test bars were austenitized for one hour at I600F, oil-quenched and then tempered for one hour at 800F.
  • heating the filled mold to a temperature of at least about 350 F, but substantially below that at which said metal particles will sinter, said heating being conducted for a time at least sufficient to soften said sucrose to form a baked preform with sufficient strength for handling and further processing.
  • metal particles are ferrous base metal powders with a carbon reducible oxygen content substantially in excess of 200 ppm and said sucrose is present in an amount sufficient to reduce said oxygen and increase the carbon content by a value greater than 0.2 percent, during the carburization of said ferrous particles.
US00312461A 1972-12-06 1972-12-06 Production of powder metallurgical parts by preform and forge process utilizing sucrose as a binder Expired - Lifetime US3811878A (en)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00312461A US3811878A (en) 1972-12-06 1972-12-06 Production of powder metallurgical parts by preform and forge process utilizing sucrose as a binder
GB5540073A GB1415015A (en) 1972-12-06 1973-11-29 Production of sintered powder metallurgical parts by preform and forge process
AU63109/73A AU473844B2 (en) 1972-12-06 1973-11-30 Production of powder metallurgical parts by preform and forge process utilizing sucrose asa binder
BR9488/73A BR7309488D0 (pt) 1972-12-06 1973-12-04 Processo para a producao de pre-moldados de pos metalicos sinterizados ou cozidos
NL7316613A NL7316613A (de) 1972-12-06 1973-12-04
ES421170A ES421170A1 (es) 1972-12-06 1973-12-05 Un metodo para la produccion de cuerpos previamente moldea-dos de metal en polvo cocidos.
CA187,435A CA996784A (en) 1972-12-06 1973-12-05 Production of powder metallurgical parts by preform and forge process
FR7343628A FR2209627B1 (de) 1972-12-06 1973-12-06
DE2360914A DE2360914C2 (de) 1972-12-06 1973-12-06 Binde-, Desoxydations- und Aufkohlungs-Mittel für die Herstellung von Vorformen aus Metallpulvern
BE138613A BE808330A (fr) 1972-12-06 1973-12-06 Production d'objets metallurgiques a partir de poudres par des procedes d'ebauchage et de forgeage
IT70593/73A IT999914B (it) 1972-12-06 1973-12-06 Procedimento per la fabbricazione di preformati di polveri metalliche

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00312461A US3811878A (en) 1972-12-06 1972-12-06 Production of powder metallurgical parts by preform and forge process utilizing sucrose as a binder

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US3811878A true US3811878A (en) 1974-05-21

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Country Status (11)

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US (1) US3811878A (de)
AU (1) AU473844B2 (de)
BE (1) BE808330A (de)
BR (1) BR7309488D0 (de)
CA (1) CA996784A (de)
DE (1) DE2360914C2 (de)
ES (1) ES421170A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2209627B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1415015A (de)
IT (1) IT999914B (de)
NL (1) NL7316613A (de)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5178713A (ja) * 1974-12-28 1976-07-08 Kobe Steel Ltd Funmatsuyakinkoseihinno seizoho
US3989518A (en) * 1975-05-08 1976-11-02 United States Steel Corporation Production of powder metallurgical parts by formation of sintered preforms in thermally degradable molds
JPS5289506A (en) * 1976-01-23 1977-07-27 Komatsu Mfg Co Ltd Method of producing sintered product from metallic powder
JPS531611A (en) * 1976-06-28 1978-01-09 Kobe Steel Ltd Production of forged product by powder metallurgy
US4202689A (en) * 1977-08-05 1980-05-13 Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho Method for the production of sintered powder ferrous metal preform
US4404166A (en) * 1981-01-22 1983-09-13 Witec Cayman Patents, Limited Method for removing binder from a green body
US4483820A (en) * 1980-02-06 1984-11-20 Sintermetallwerk Krebsoge Gmbh Method of making sintered powder metallurgical bodies
US4722826A (en) * 1986-09-15 1988-02-02 Inco Alloys International, Inc. Production of water atomized powder metallurgy products
US4769212A (en) * 1985-03-29 1988-09-06 Hitachi Metals, Ltd Process for producing metallic sintered parts
WO2001083139A1 (en) * 2000-04-28 2001-11-08 Metals Process Systems A method for sintering a carbon steel part using a hydrocolloid binder as carbon source.
EP1252952A2 (de) * 2001-04-25 2002-10-30 Extrude Hone Corporation Bindemittelzusammensetzung für Pulvermetallurgie
US6537489B2 (en) * 2000-11-09 2003-03-25 Höganäs Ab High density products and method for the preparation thereof
US20040067152A1 (en) * 2000-03-24 2004-04-08 Wolfgang Kochanek Method for manufacturing metal parts
US20050066770A1 (en) * 2003-09-27 2005-03-31 Zschimmer & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg Chemische Fabriken Use of a sugar
EP2484788A1 (de) * 2009-09-29 2012-08-08 NTN Corporation Kraftübertragungsteil

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8316541B2 (en) 2007-06-29 2012-11-27 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Combustor heat shield with integrated louver and method of manufacturing the same

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5178713A (ja) * 1974-12-28 1976-07-08 Kobe Steel Ltd Funmatsuyakinkoseihinno seizoho
US3989518A (en) * 1975-05-08 1976-11-02 United States Steel Corporation Production of powder metallurgical parts by formation of sintered preforms in thermally degradable molds
JPS5289506A (en) * 1976-01-23 1977-07-27 Komatsu Mfg Co Ltd Method of producing sintered product from metallic powder
JPS531611A (en) * 1976-06-28 1978-01-09 Kobe Steel Ltd Production of forged product by powder metallurgy
JPS5620322B2 (de) * 1976-06-28 1981-05-13
US4202689A (en) * 1977-08-05 1980-05-13 Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho Method for the production of sintered powder ferrous metal preform
US4284431A (en) * 1977-08-05 1981-08-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho Method for the production of sintered powder ferrous metal preform
US4483820A (en) * 1980-02-06 1984-11-20 Sintermetallwerk Krebsoge Gmbh Method of making sintered powder metallurgical bodies
US4404166A (en) * 1981-01-22 1983-09-13 Witec Cayman Patents, Limited Method for removing binder from a green body
US4769212A (en) * 1985-03-29 1988-09-06 Hitachi Metals, Ltd Process for producing metallic sintered parts
US4722826A (en) * 1986-09-15 1988-02-02 Inco Alloys International, Inc. Production of water atomized powder metallurgy products
US20040067152A1 (en) * 2000-03-24 2004-04-08 Wolfgang Kochanek Method for manufacturing metal parts
US6939509B2 (en) * 2000-03-24 2005-09-06 Manfred Endrich Method for manufacturing metal parts
WO2001083139A1 (en) * 2000-04-28 2001-11-08 Metals Process Systems A method for sintering a carbon steel part using a hydrocolloid binder as carbon source.
US20020159910A1 (en) * 2000-04-28 2002-10-31 Christer Aslund Method for sintering a carbon steel part using a hydrocolloid binder as carbon source
US6967001B2 (en) 2000-04-28 2005-11-22 Metals Process Systems Method for sintering a carbon steel part using a hydrocolloid binder as carbon source
US6537489B2 (en) * 2000-11-09 2003-03-25 Höganäs Ab High density products and method for the preparation thereof
EP1252952A2 (de) * 2001-04-25 2002-10-30 Extrude Hone Corporation Bindemittelzusammensetzung für Pulvermetallurgie
EP1252952A3 (de) * 2001-04-25 2005-07-27 Extrude Hone Corporation Bindemittelzusammensetzung für Pulvermetallurgie
US20050066770A1 (en) * 2003-09-27 2005-03-31 Zschimmer & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg Chemische Fabriken Use of a sugar
EP2484788A1 (de) * 2009-09-29 2012-08-08 NTN Corporation Kraftübertragungsteil
EP2484788A4 (de) * 2009-09-29 2014-03-19 Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd Kraftübertragungsteil

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES421170A1 (es) 1976-07-16
AU473844B2 (en) 1976-07-01
FR2209627A1 (de) 1974-07-05
DE2360914A1 (de) 1974-06-12
BE808330A (fr) 1974-06-06
FR2209627B1 (de) 1978-02-24
AU6310973A (en) 1975-06-05
IT999914B (it) 1976-03-10
GB1415015A (en) 1975-11-26
CA996784A (en) 1976-09-14
DE2360914C2 (de) 1983-11-03
NL7316613A (de) 1974-06-10
BR7309488D0 (pt) 1974-09-24

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Owner name: USX CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE, STATELESS

Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION (MERGED INTO);REEL/FRAME:005060/0960

Effective date: 19880112