US3809497A - Conduction pump for conveying corrosive metals - Google Patents

Conduction pump for conveying corrosive metals Download PDF

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Publication number
US3809497A
US3809497A US00235278A US23527872A US3809497A US 3809497 A US3809497 A US 3809497A US 00235278 A US00235278 A US 00235278A US 23527872 A US23527872 A US 23527872A US 3809497 A US3809497 A US 3809497A
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United States
Prior art keywords
liquid metal
electrodes
conduction
metal
pump according
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00235278A
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English (en)
Inventor
H Carbonnel
R Borie
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Groupement Atomique Alsacienne Atlantique SA
Alsacienne Atom
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Alsacienne Atom
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR7109159A external-priority patent/FR2129132A5/fr
Priority claimed from FR7111143A external-priority patent/FR2131046A5/fr
Application filed by Alsacienne Atom filed Critical Alsacienne Atom
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3809497A publication Critical patent/US3809497A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K44/00—Machines in which the dynamo-electric interaction between a plasma or flow of conductive liquid or of fluid-borne conductive or magnetic particles and a coil system or magnetic field converts energy of mass flow into electrical energy or vice versa
    • H02K44/02—Electrodynamic pumps
    • H02K44/04—Conduction pumps

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a conduction pump capable of conveying corrosive metals, such as, for example, aluminum, zinc, cast iron or steel, in the liquid state.
  • the current is made to pass through a transversal's'ection of the ductand the liquid metal flow it contains, when a magnetic field is set up'perpendicular to the direction of the electric current and to the direction of the liquid metal flow, so that there appears, within the liquid metal, a force directed along the third axis of a trihedral whose first two axes are situated respectively in the direction of the field and in the direction of the current.
  • this type of pump which is easy to manufacture when the liquid metal duct is itself conductive, with corrosive liquid metals which would corrode usual metal ducts.
  • conduction pumps can be'used only for conveying slightly corrosive metals such as, for example, alkaline metals, lead, mercury or magnesium.
  • the applicant has sought to produce conduction pumps for corrosive liquid metals in which electrical contact can be .obtained between a circuit element crossed by anintense current and the flow of corrosive I ticularly, they concern the protection of such electrodes against the corrosive metal, the uneven expansion of the electrode and of the refractory material, and
  • the object of the present invention is therefore a conduction pump, having slight bulk, for corrosive liquid metals, in which a section of the active liquid metal flow crossed by an electric current perpendicular to the direction of the said flow is subjected to an electromagnetic force resulting from the action of that current and from a magnetic induction situated perpendicularly to the direction of the electric current and to the direction of the liquid metal flow, characterized in that the section of the liquid metals flow is limited on two opposite sides by electrodes enabling the electric current to pass, and on its other sides by the refractory material protecting the duct, cast or machined when the pump was manufactured.
  • the magnetic induction applied to the liquid metal, produced in the main magnetic circuit must itself by continuous.
  • the current crossing the liquid metal is alternating current, it is necessary for the magnetic induction itself to be alternative. It is then an'advantage to produce that alternating current by induction in a conductive loop.
  • a second magnetic circuit referred to in the following text, as the secondary magnetic circuit, is used.
  • the reluctance of the magnetic circuits is produced sufficiently low, so that it is possible to place these windings at a sufficient distance from the pumping area for them not to be submitted to the direct thermal action of parts brought to a high temperature.
  • the bulk of the pump is thus reduced round the duct containing the liquid metal.
  • the conductive loop can, itself, consist of a conventional metal conductor (copper or nickel, for example).
  • the electrode must consist of a metal having a coefficient of thermal expansion as near as possible to that of the refractory material used, so as not to let any gap be formed, by expansion, between the two materials; moreover, it must be possible to weld it to the conductive loop, and more particularly, it must be capable of withstanding the action of all the reactive metals without suffering damage. It can be seen that no material having all these qualities exists. The applicant has therefore been led to find a solution to that complex problem by choosing a metal whose coefficient of expansion is perfectly suitable, and by coating it on each of these surfaces with a substance which enables the joining thereof to its own environing medium.
  • an electrode consisting of a refractory material impregnated with metal.
  • Such devices have, in relation to prior art, numerous advantages resulting, more particularly, from the fact that it is possible to immerse them in the liquid metal, so that it is possible to start them up without having to prime them by an outside means. Moreover, the immersion depth required for self-priming is much less than for an induction pump.
  • the cross-section of the pump body is much less bulky, since the windings can be mounted far from the pump body.
  • the volume immersed is therefore much less; there are only smalllosses in capacity of the-useful volume of the crucible or of theladle.
  • the windings are arranged above the bath and are easier to protect against any accidental raising of their temperature.
  • pumps of this type are also capable of compensating a great metallostatic pressure; they can therefore be installed at the base ofa ladle or ofa crucible and act as a regulator for the flow of metal, like a stopper rod in which the movement of the mechanical parts has been replaced by a variation of the induction current.
  • FIG. 1 is an operating diagrammatic perspective view of an electromagnetic direct current or alternating currentconduction pump of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 2 and Sam perspective views of two particular structures of the invention, both of the alternating current type.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial perspective view showing the inserting of aconductive loop in the liquid metal duct.
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view of an embodiment having a conductive loop provided with solid electrodes.
  • an electromagnetic conduction pump comprises, at 1, a duct through which the corrosive liquid metal flows. Elements of the electric circuit through which a high current flows in a direction perpendicular to the liquid metal flow direction represented by the line 4 and 4. of the duct 1, can be seen at 2 and 2'.
  • the eletric circuit is extended through the liquid metal by electrodes 5 and 6 designed to setup the electric contact with the corrosive liquid metal.
  • a winding 7 gives rise, in the section of the liquid metal crossed by the current, to a magnetic induction perpendicular to the current and to the direction 4-4 of the liquid metal flow. It is known that a force perpendicular to the current and to the magnetic induction which therefore tends to set the liquid metal in motion alongits duct in the direction 4-4 is then set up in the conductive medium formed by the liquid metal.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show the operating diagram of two types of configurations used frequently by applicant.
  • the diagram of FIG. 2 corresponds to the configuration where the alternating current which flows through the liquid metal is set up by a secondary winding 8 through which a current inphase with the current flowing through the winding 7 flows.
  • the magnetic circuit 9 is the main magnetic circuit.
  • the magnetic circuit 10, which is the secondary circuit, induces in the loop .11 a current passing through the liquid metal duct 1 .by means of the electrodes 5 and 6.
  • Such a configuration requires two windings and two complete magnetic circuits. It can be'preferable to use a configuration such as that in FIG. 3, in which a single transformer 7 sets up a magnetic induction in the duct 1 on the one hand, and sets up a current which crosses the liquid metal flow by means of the electrodes 5 and 6, in the coil 11, on the other hand. I s
  • the loop passes twice through the magnetic field to compensate the armature reaction, this having the effect of increasing very appreciably the air gap and consequently, the reluctance of the magnetic circuit. It many embodiments, the conductive loop passes above or below the main magnetic circuit 9, and the air gap can thus be greatly reduced.
  • FIG. 4 shows, on a larger scale, a view of the arrangement of a conductive coil in a conduction pump.
  • the corrosive liquid metal duct 1 in the air gap 12 of that magnetic circuit, is placed the corrosive liquid metal duct 1. It can be seen that it takes the form of a column having a generally rectangular cross-section. At one of the ends of the electrode 5, the existence of a shoulder 13, which extends vertically right along the conductive loop, will be observed.
  • the conductive loop can be a nickel or copper bar. In the latter case, the copper bar must be protected from oxidation by a non-oxidizable covering, such as an inconel tube, for example.
  • FIG. 5 makes it easier to understand the detail of the structure of the solid loop 11.
  • the shoulder 13, as well as the three other shoulders, 14, 15 and 16, is again shown.
  • the loop connecting the electrodes consists of a copper bar 19. Initially, the bar chosen is cylindrical; it is inserted in an inconel tube 20. After drawing to produce a flat conductor, the assembly is rolled. By this method, it is possible also to obtain a copper conductor separated from the inconel by an oxide layer, such as, for example, alumina or magnesium oxide, this making differential expansions between copper and inconel easier.
  • an oxide layer such as, for example, alumina or magnesium oxide
  • the electrodes 5 and 6 consist of a metal having very substantially the same coefficient of expansion as the refractory material with which they are coated.
  • the applicant has chosen to produce electrodes made of molybdenum. He has also manufactured such electrodes with other metals such as, for example, molybdenumtungsten alloy.
  • To effect the weld with the copper loop it is' necessary to deposit previously, on the section 17 of the electrode, a layer of nickel.
  • the portion 18 of the electrode 6, which remains in Contact with the corrosive liquid metals, must be coated with a layer ensuring excellent electrical conductivity and it must be possible to wet it easily with the liquid metal. It must, moreover, have excellent adherence tothe electrode and great insensitivity to thecorrosive'liquid'metals used.
  • conductive ceramic materials compounds such as diborides of molybdenum, titanium, zirconium and tungsten, as well as titanium aluminide, give satisfactory results.
  • the coating has been formed by molybdenum diboride. The rest of the electrode must be coated with a layer isolating it from air, and providing good contact with the refractory material.
  • the applicant has used, for that purpose, nickel, titanium, aluminide, and, lastly, commercial products found on the French market, such as Revetox made by the French firm of CERAVER.
  • the coatings on the faces 17 and 18 of the-electrode can be made, for example, either in a gaseous medium or in a fluidized gaseous plasma support.
  • the parts thus produced are then coated with a mass of refractory material 21 which has'been produced by way of an experiment with various ceramic materials such a alumina, zirconium, magnesia, titanates of aluminum and magnesium, and various zirconates and aluminates.
  • a second example of an embodiment concerns the pump in which the electrode can be made, as in the preceding case, of molybdenum or protected tungsten, but it can, to great advantage, be produced by means of a porous refractory substance or of a porous refractory sintered structure.
  • the applicant has contrived to impregnate the electrode prior to its insertion in the apparatus by means of one of the metals to be made to flow in the pump, or at least of a metal which will subsequently be dissolved easily in the molten metal.
  • the applicant has successfully attempted to impregnate with aluminum on condition that the latter be the metal to be conveyed subsequently, and also, to impregnate with tin and copper, which can easily be mixed with metals to be conveyed in the liquid state.
  • the method used for impregnating such an electrode is as follows: the porous product is put in a container where there is a vacuum and it is wetted at a high temperature with liquid metal. It is important to use a very high temperature just below the evaporating temperature of the liquid metal so as to use it in the most fluid state possible. Then the electrode is impregnated under pressure with the same liquid metal.
  • a pipe having a slight thickness made of the same metal as that which is to be conveyed by the pump the first time, can be used.
  • the pipe is made to the outer dimensions of the coil. It is embedded in the refractory material, melted at the first operation of the pump, and drawn in by draining of the coil when the latter is withdrawn from the liquid metal bath.
  • the material used for forming electrodes is an alloy of metals of group VI in the periodic classification of elements, coated by said conductive ceramic material on the surface in contact with the corrosive liquid metal.
  • each electrode is coated with a layer of diboride of a metal of group VI in the periodic classification of elements, on the side where it comes into contact with the corrosive liquid metal.
  • each electrode is coated with a layer of aluminide ofa metal of group VI in the periodic classification of elements, on the side where it comes into contact with the corrosive liquid metal.
  • each electrode is coated on several sides with an aluminide of a metal of group VI of metals in the periodic classification of elements.
  • conduction loop is formed by means of a bar having a rectangular cross-section, made of highly conductive metal, covered on four surfaces with a casing by means of a metallic layer, protecting against oxidation, made of inconel, drawn and rolled at the same time as the said conductor and wherein said coil is welded on its last two faces onto the electrodes through a layer of nickel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
US00235278A 1971-03-16 1972-03-16 Conduction pump for conveying corrosive metals Expired - Lifetime US3809497A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7109159A FR2129132A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-03-16 1971-03-16
FR7111143A FR2131046A5 (en) 1971-03-30 1971-03-30 Direct action pump - for corrosive liq metal in which it is partially immersed

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Publication Number Publication Date
US3809497A true US3809497A (en) 1974-05-07

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US00235278A Expired - Lifetime US3809497A (en) 1971-03-16 1972-03-16 Conduction pump for conveying corrosive metals
US00235271A Expired - Lifetime US3787143A (en) 1971-03-16 1972-03-16 Immersion pump for pumping corrosive liquid metals

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00235271A Expired - Lifetime US3787143A (en) 1971-03-16 1972-03-16 Immersion pump for pumping corrosive liquid metals

Country Status (8)

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US (2) US3809497A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA946033A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH560485A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2265103C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1373454A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT950249B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NO (1) NO140023C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SU (1) SU488435A3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3973878A (en) * 1974-02-21 1976-08-10 Groupement pour les Activities Atomiques et Avancees "GAAA" Method and device for electromagnetic pumping by conduction of liquid metals having low electrical conductivity
US4143997A (en) * 1976-07-30 1979-03-13 Novatome Industries Electromagnetic induction pump for molten metal including impurities
US20150219122A1 (en) * 2013-02-02 2015-08-06 Jan Vetrovec Direct current magnetohydrodynamic pump

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US4171707A (en) * 1977-04-25 1979-10-23 Ben-Gurion University Of The Negev, Research And Development Authority Method and apparatus for controlling the flow of liquid metal
FR2458937A1 (fr) * 1979-06-07 1981-01-02 Novatome Ind Pompe electromagnetique a conduction pour metal liquide
GB8629708D0 (en) * 1986-12-12 1987-01-21 Marconi Co Ltd Attitude control actuator
US7402276B2 (en) 2003-07-14 2008-07-22 Cooper Paul V Pump with rotating inlet
US7470392B2 (en) * 2003-07-14 2008-12-30 Cooper Paul V Molten metal pump components
US7507367B2 (en) * 2002-07-12 2009-03-24 Cooper Paul V Protective coatings for molten metal devices
US20070253807A1 (en) 2006-04-28 2007-11-01 Cooper Paul V Gas-transfer foot
US20050013715A1 (en) * 2003-07-14 2005-01-20 Cooper Paul V. System for releasing gas into molten metal
US7906068B2 (en) * 2003-07-14 2011-03-15 Cooper Paul V Support post system for molten metal pump
US9205490B2 (en) 2007-06-21 2015-12-08 Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc Transfer well system and method for making same
US8366993B2 (en) * 2007-06-21 2013-02-05 Cooper Paul V System and method for degassing molten metal
US9410744B2 (en) 2010-05-12 2016-08-09 Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc Vessel transfer insert and system
US8613884B2 (en) 2007-06-21 2013-12-24 Paul V. Cooper Launder transfer insert and system
US9643247B2 (en) 2007-06-21 2017-05-09 Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc Molten metal transfer and degassing system
US8337746B2 (en) 2007-06-21 2012-12-25 Cooper Paul V Transferring molten metal from one structure to another
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US9409232B2 (en) 2007-06-21 2016-08-09 Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc Molten metal transfer vessel and method of construction
US8444911B2 (en) 2009-08-07 2013-05-21 Paul V. Cooper Shaft and post tensioning device
US8524146B2 (en) * 2009-08-07 2013-09-03 Paul V. Cooper Rotary degassers and components therefor
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US10428821B2 (en) 2009-08-07 2019-10-01 Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc Quick submergence molten metal pump
US8449814B2 (en) * 2009-08-07 2013-05-28 Paul V. Cooper Systems and methods for melting scrap metal
US8714914B2 (en) 2009-09-08 2014-05-06 Paul V. Cooper Molten metal pump filter
US9108244B2 (en) 2009-09-09 2015-08-18 Paul V. Cooper Immersion heater for molten metal
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US9592548B2 (en) 2013-01-29 2017-03-14 General Electric Company Calcium hexaluminate-containing mold and facecoat compositions and methods for casting titanium and titanium aluminide alloys
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3973878A (en) * 1974-02-21 1976-08-10 Groupement pour les Activities Atomiques et Avancees "GAAA" Method and device for electromagnetic pumping by conduction of liquid metals having low electrical conductivity
US4143997A (en) * 1976-07-30 1979-03-13 Novatome Industries Electromagnetic induction pump for molten metal including impurities
US20150219122A1 (en) * 2013-02-02 2015-08-06 Jan Vetrovec Direct current magnetohydrodynamic pump

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1373454A (en) 1974-11-13
DE2212822B2 (de) 1977-03-10
DE2265103B2 (de) 1978-03-16
NO140023B (no) 1979-03-12
CH560485A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-03-27
DE2212822A1 (de) 1972-09-28
NO140023C (no) 1979-06-20
SU488435A3 (ru) 1975-10-15
DE2265103A1 (de) 1976-04-01
US3787143A (en) 1974-01-22
IT950249B (it) 1973-06-20
DE2265103C3 (de) 1979-01-11
CA946033A (en) 1974-04-23

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