US2612109A - Electromagnetic pump - Google Patents

Electromagnetic pump Download PDF

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Publication number
US2612109A
US2612109A US169169A US16916950A US2612109A US 2612109 A US2612109 A US 2612109A US 169169 A US169169 A US 169169A US 16916950 A US16916950 A US 16916950A US 2612109 A US2612109 A US 2612109A
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pipe
leg
fluid
core
gap
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US169169A
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Kenneth E Wakefield
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K44/00Machines in which the dynamo-electric interaction between a plasma or flow of conductive liquid or of fluid-borne conductive or magnetic particles and a coil system or magnetic field converts energy of mass flow into electrical energy or vice versa
    • H02K44/02Electrodynamic pumps
    • H02K44/04Conduction pumps

Definitions

  • H is Att ov ney.
  • This invention relates to electromagnetic pumps for electrically conductive fluids, of the type in which magnetic flux is provided transversely through the fluid and electric current is also provided transversely through the fluid in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic flux, thereby producing a pressure gradient within the fluid.
  • the pump is preferably operated from alternating current so that stepdown transformers may be used to provide the large currents from conventional electric power supplies. For good'efiiciency it is necessary that the current and th magnetic flux through the fluid be kept substantially in phase.
  • Previous alternating current electromagnetic pumps have suffered from one or more of the-following disadvantages: poor efficiency, undue complexity, such as requiring separate power supplies to provide the magnetic flux and the current respectively, and large magnetizing current requirements.
  • An object of this invention is to provide an improved alternating current electromagnetic pump which is simple and compact, and has better efflciency and lower magnetizing current requirements than prior pumps.
  • Fig. 1 is a side elevation of an improved electromagnetic pump
  • Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same pump
  • Fig. 3 is a section along line 33 of Fig. 1
  • Fig. 4 is a section along line 4-4 of Fig. 1.
  • netic core 2 serves as the core of a stepdown transformer which provides current through the fluid and also serves as the magnet core to provide magnetic flux through the fluid.
  • netic core 2 serves as the core of a stepdown transformer which provides current through the fluid and also serves as the magnet core to provide magnetic flux through the fluid.
  • a primary winding 3 having terminals 4, which connect to any suitable source of alternating electric power.
  • One of the outer legs 21) of core 2 has a gap through which pipe I passes as shown, so that magnetic flux across the gap passes transversely through the fluid within pipe I.
  • pipe I has a flattened portion la which flts snugly within the gap of leg 2b, so that the portion of the pipe within the gap is relatively wide and thin. This permits the gap to be small, with a resulting increase in magnetic flux density and electric current density, thereby providing increased pumping action.
  • Electrodes 5 and 6 are positioned upon opposite sides of the flattened portion of pipe I and adjacent to the core gap so that electric current between the two electrodes passes transversely through the fluid within pipe I perpendicular to the magnetic flux across the gap. This current is substantially. in phase with the magnetic flux, as hereinafter more fullyexplained, so that the current and flux act upon the fluid to produce.
  • Pipe I may conveniently be of metal shaving anelectrical conductivity which is less than that of the fluid within the pipe, so that the larger partyof the current flows through the fluid rather than around the pipe walls.
  • Winding 1 comprises in series at least one turn about .the core leg 21). and; at least one turn about the center-core leg 2a-; For example, in the embodiment, shown; portion la is connected to electrode 5-and partly circles leg 2b, portion 1b extends diagonally to the center leg 2a, portion ,lc-
  • portion Id. makes one turn about thecenter leg, portion Id. extends diagonally back to-leg 2b, and portion 1e make one-and-one-half turns about leg 2b and is connected to electrode 5 as shown.
  • primary winding 3 is energized with alternating current and provides magnetic flux through the center leg 2c and the left-hand leg 20 of core 2. Relatively little of this flux provided by the primary flows through the right-hand leg 2b, because the gap through which pipe I passes makes the magnetic reluctance of this leg much greater than that of the left-hand leg which has no gap. Since a closed, low-reluctance magnetic path is provided for the flux produced by primary 3, the magnetizing current drawn by this pump is relatively low.
  • the magnetic flux in the center leg 2a of the core induces voltage in portion 10 of the secondary winding, which causes current to flow through the secondary and thus between electrodes 5 and 6 through the fluid within pipe I. Since portion 1c of the secondary comprises but a single turn, while primary 3 may comprise many turns, a step down transformer of large ratio is provided and very large currents may be obtained in the secondary winding.
  • An electromagnetic pump for electrically conductive fluids comprising a fluid-conducting pipe, a three-legged magnetic core, a primary winding upon one leg of said core, another leg of said core having a gap through which said pipe passes whereby magnetic flux across said gap passes transversely through the fluid in said pipe, electrodes positioned upon opposite sides of said pipe adjacent to said gap so that electric current between said electrodes passes transversely through the fluid in said pipe perpendicular to the magnetic flux across said gap, and a sec ondary winding connected between said electrodes, said secondary winding comprising in series at least one turn about each of two legs of said core.
  • An electromagnetic pump for electrically conductive fluids comprising a fluid-conducting pipe, a three-legged magnetic core, a primary winding upon one leg of said core, another leg of said core having a gap through which said pipe passes whereby magnetic flux across said gap passes transversely through the fluid in said pipe, electrodes positioned upon opposite sides of said pipe adjacent to said gap so that electric current between said electrodes passes transversely through the fluid in said pipe perpendicular to the magnetic flux across said gap, and a secondary winding connected between said electrodes,
  • said secondary winding comprising in series at least one turn about the leg of said core having said primary winding thereon and at least one turn about another leg of said core.
  • An electromagnetic pump for electrically conductive fluids comprising a fluid-conducting pipe, a three-legged magnetic core, a primary winding upon one leg of said core, another leg of said core having a gap through which said pipe passes whereby magnetic flux across said gap passes transversely through the fluid in said pipe, electrodes positioned upon opposite sides of said pipe adjacent to said gap so that electric current between said electrodes passes transversely through the fluid in said pipe perpendicular to the magnetic flux across said gap, and a. secondary winding connected between said electrodes, said secondary winding comprising in series at least one turn about the leg of said core having said gap and at least one turn about the leg of said core having said primary winding thereon.
  • An electromagnetic pump for electrically conductive fluids comprising a fluid-conducting pipe, a three-legged magnetic code, a primary winding upon the center leg of said core, one outer leg of said core having a gap through which said pipe passes whereby magnetic flux across said gap passes transversely through the fluid in said pipe, electrodes positioned upon opposite sides of said pipe adjacent to said gap so that electric current between said electrodes passes transversely through the fluid in said pipe perpendicular to the magnetic flux across said gap, and a secondary winding connected between said electrodes, said secondary winding comprising in series at least one turn about the outer leg of said core having said gap and at least one turn about the center leg of said core.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetic Pumps, Or The Like (AREA)

Description

Sept. 30, 1952 K. E. WAKEFiELD ELECTROMAGNETIC PUMP Filed June 20, 1950 a m MC k l a Inventow-r Kenn et-h E1. Wake? ield hay/ 040414.
H is Att ov ney.
Patented Sept. 30, 1952 ELECTROMAGNETIC PUMP Kenneth E. Wakefield, Schenectady, N. Y., assignor .to. General Electric Company, a corporationof New York Application June 20, 1950, Serial No. 169,169
a This invention relates to electromagnetic pumps for electrically conductive fluids, of the type in which magnetic flux is provided transversely through the fluid and electric current is also provided transversely through the fluid in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic flux, thereby producing a pressure gradient within the fluid.
Pumps of this type require large currents at low voltage. Therefore the pump is preferably operated from alternating current so that stepdown transformers may be used to provide the large currents from conventional electric power supplies. For good'efiiciency it is necessary that the current and th magnetic flux through the fluid be kept substantially in phase. Previous alternating current electromagnetic pumps have suffered from one or more of the-following disadvantages: poor efficiency, undue complexity, such as requiring separate power supplies to provide the magnetic flux and the current respectively, and large magnetizing current requirements.
An object of this invention is to provide an improved alternating current electromagnetic pump which is simple and compact, and has better efflciency and lower magnetizing current requirements than prior pumps. I
Other objects and advantages will appear as the description proceeds. For a better understanding of the invention, reference is made in the following description to the accompanying drawing in which Fig. 1 is a side elevation of an improved electromagnetic pump; Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same pump; Fig. 3 is a section along line 33 of Fig. 1; and Fig. 4 is a section along line 4-4 of Fig. 1.
Referring now to the drawing, a fluid conducting pipe I is provided to contain the electrically conductive fluid to be pumped. A 3-legged mag- 4 Claims. (Cl. 1031) netic core 2 serves as the core of a stepdown transformer which provides current through the fluid and also serves as the magnet core to provide magnetic flux through the fluid. Upon the center leg 2a of core 2 is a primary winding 3 having terminals 4, which connect to any suitable source of alternating electric power. One of the outer legs 21) of core 2 has a gap through which pipe I passes as shown, so that magnetic flux across the gap passes transversely through the fluid within pipe I. Preferably pipe I has a flattened portion la which flts snugly within the gap of leg 2b, so that the portion of the pipe within the gap is relatively wide and thin. This permits the gap to be small, with a resulting increase in magnetic flux density and electric current density, thereby providing increased pumping action.
Electrodes 5 and 6 are positioned upon opposite sides of the flattened portion of pipe I and adjacent to the core gap so that electric current between the two electrodes passes transversely through the fluid within pipe I perpendicular to the magnetic flux across the gap. This current is substantially. in phase with the magnetic flux, as hereinafter more fullyexplained, so that the current and flux act upon the fluid to produce. a pressure gradient lengthwise along pipe I. Pipe I may conveniently be of metal shaving anelectrical conductivity which is less than that of the fluid within the pipe, so that the larger partyof the current flows through the fluid rather than around the pipe walls.
. A secondarywinding I is connected between electrodes 5 and 6. Since it must carry large currents, winding! is a heavy conductor of relatively large crossv section and low electrical resistance. Winding 1 comprises in series at least one turn about .the core leg 21). and; at least one turn about the center-core leg 2a-; For example, in the embodiment, shown; portion la is connected to electrode 5-and partly circles leg 2b, portion 1b extends diagonally to the center leg 2a, portion ,lc-
makes one turn about thecenter leg, portion Id. extends diagonally back to-leg 2b, and portion 1e make one-and-one-half turns about leg 2b and is connected to electrode 5 as shown.
In the operation of this pump, primary winding 3 is energized with alternating current and provides magnetic flux through the center leg 2c and the left-hand leg 20 of core 2. Relatively little of this flux provided by the primary flows through the right-hand leg 2b, because the gap through which pipe I passes makes the magnetic reluctance of this leg much greater than that of the left-hand leg which has no gap. Since a closed, low-reluctance magnetic path is provided for the flux produced by primary 3, the magnetizing current drawn by this pump is relatively low. The magnetic flux in the center leg 2a of the core induces voltage in portion 10 of the secondary winding, which causes current to flow through the secondary and thus between electrodes 5 and 6 through the fluid within pipe I. Since portion 1c of the secondary comprises but a single turn, while primary 3 may comprise many turns, a step down transformer of large ratio is provided and very large currents may be obtained in the secondary winding.
Currents flowing in portions 1a and 1c of the secondary produce magnetic flux in the righthand leg 2b and thus transversely through the fluid within pipe I. The return path of this flux is through leg 2c. Since this flux is produced by current in the secondary winding and since the electrical resistance of the secondary winding, including the pipe section, is relatively low, the current and the magnetic flux through the fluid are always substantially in phase, thereby providing eflicient operation of the pump.
Having described the principle of this invention and the best mode in which I have contemplated applying that principle, I wish it to be understood that the apparatus described is illustrative only, and that other means can be employed without departing from the true scope of the invention.
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. An electromagnetic pump for electrically conductive fluids, comprising a fluid-conducting pipe, a three-legged magnetic core, a primary winding upon one leg of said core, another leg of said core having a gap through which said pipe passes whereby magnetic flux across said gap passes transversely through the fluid in said pipe, electrodes positioned upon opposite sides of said pipe adjacent to said gap so that electric current between said electrodes passes transversely through the fluid in said pipe perpendicular to the magnetic flux across said gap, and a sec ondary winding connected between said electrodes, said secondary winding comprising in series at least one turn about each of two legs of said core.
2. An electromagnetic pump for electrically conductive fluids, comprising a fluid-conducting pipe, a three-legged magnetic core, a primary winding upon one leg of said core, another leg of said core having a gap through which said pipe passes whereby magnetic flux across said gap passes transversely through the fluid in said pipe, electrodes positioned upon opposite sides of said pipe adjacent to said gap so that electric current between said electrodes passes transversely through the fluid in said pipe perpendicular to the magnetic flux across said gap, and a secondary winding connected between said electrodes,
said secondary winding comprising in series at least one turn about the leg of said core having said primary winding thereon and at least one turn about another leg of said core.
3. An electromagnetic pump for electrically conductive fluids, comprising a fluid-conducting pipe, a three-legged magnetic core, a primary winding upon one leg of said core, another leg of said core having a gap through which said pipe passes whereby magnetic flux across said gap passes transversely through the fluid in said pipe, electrodes positioned upon opposite sides of said pipe adjacent to said gap so that electric current between said electrodes passes transversely through the fluid in said pipe perpendicular to the magnetic flux across said gap, and a. secondary winding connected between said electrodes, said secondary winding comprising in series at least one turn about the leg of said core having said gap and at least one turn about the leg of said core having said primary winding thereon.
4. An electromagnetic pump for electrically conductive fluids, comprising a fluid-conducting pipe, a three-legged magnetic code, a primary winding upon the center leg of said core, one outer leg of said core having a gap through which said pipe passes whereby magnetic flux across said gap passes transversely through the fluid in said pipe, electrodes positioned upon opposite sides of said pipe adjacent to said gap so that electric current between said electrodes passes transversely through the fluid in said pipe perpendicular to the magnetic flux across said gap, and a secondary winding connected between said electrodes, said secondary winding comprising in series at least one turn about the outer leg of said core having said gap and at least one turn about the center leg of said core.
KENNETH E. WAKEFIELD.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,386,369 Thompson Oct. 9, 1945 2,397,785 Friedlander Apr, 2, 1946
US169169A 1950-06-20 1950-06-20 Electromagnetic pump Expired - Lifetime US2612109A (en)

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2715190A (en) * 1953-11-24 1955-08-09 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Dual flow direct current linear electromagnetic pump
US2716943A (en) * 1953-01-16 1955-09-06 Leonard V Vandenberg Liquid metal high pressure pump
US2770196A (en) * 1952-10-06 1956-11-13 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Electromagnetic interaction pump
US2787219A (en) * 1954-12-07 1957-04-02 Mine Safety Appliances Co Alternating current electromotive liquid metal pump
US2811923A (en) * 1953-06-25 1957-11-05 Arthur H Barnes Direct current electromagnetic pump
US2948118A (en) * 1955-02-28 1960-08-09 Honeywell Regulator Co Electromagnetic pump actuated device
US2978985A (en) * 1955-08-01 1961-04-11 Rca Corp Electromagnetic pumps
US2988997A (en) * 1955-03-22 1961-06-20 Babcock & Wilcox Co Electromagnetic pump
US3008418A (en) * 1957-09-12 1961-11-14 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Dynamo-electric machines
US3348487A (en) * 1964-08-12 1967-10-24 Howard L Volgenau Fluid pump and heater system
US3785744A (en) * 1971-03-31 1974-01-15 Alsacienne Atom Conduction pump for corrosive liquid metals
US3787143A (en) * 1971-03-16 1974-01-22 Alsacienne Atom Immersion pump for pumping corrosive liquid metals
WO1998004109A1 (en) * 1996-07-22 1998-01-29 Northrop Grumman Corporation Non-mechanical magnetic pump for liquid cooling
US6440059B1 (en) 1999-10-14 2002-08-27 Cimex Biotech Lc Magnetohydrodynamic cardiac assist device

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2386369A (en) * 1942-06-15 1945-10-09 Gen Electric Co Ltd Electromagnetic pump for electrically conducting liquids
US2397785A (en) * 1942-06-10 1946-04-02 Gen Electric Co Ltd Electromagnetic pump

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2397785A (en) * 1942-06-10 1946-04-02 Gen Electric Co Ltd Electromagnetic pump
US2386369A (en) * 1942-06-15 1945-10-09 Gen Electric Co Ltd Electromagnetic pump for electrically conducting liquids

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2770196A (en) * 1952-10-06 1956-11-13 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Electromagnetic interaction pump
US2716943A (en) * 1953-01-16 1955-09-06 Leonard V Vandenberg Liquid metal high pressure pump
US2811923A (en) * 1953-06-25 1957-11-05 Arthur H Barnes Direct current electromagnetic pump
US2715190A (en) * 1953-11-24 1955-08-09 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Dual flow direct current linear electromagnetic pump
US2787219A (en) * 1954-12-07 1957-04-02 Mine Safety Appliances Co Alternating current electromotive liquid metal pump
US2948118A (en) * 1955-02-28 1960-08-09 Honeywell Regulator Co Electromagnetic pump actuated device
US2988997A (en) * 1955-03-22 1961-06-20 Babcock & Wilcox Co Electromagnetic pump
US2978985A (en) * 1955-08-01 1961-04-11 Rca Corp Electromagnetic pumps
US3008418A (en) * 1957-09-12 1961-11-14 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Dynamo-electric machines
US3348487A (en) * 1964-08-12 1967-10-24 Howard L Volgenau Fluid pump and heater system
US3787143A (en) * 1971-03-16 1974-01-22 Alsacienne Atom Immersion pump for pumping corrosive liquid metals
US3785744A (en) * 1971-03-31 1974-01-15 Alsacienne Atom Conduction pump for corrosive liquid metals
WO1998004109A1 (en) * 1996-07-22 1998-01-29 Northrop Grumman Corporation Non-mechanical magnetic pump for liquid cooling
US5763951A (en) * 1996-07-22 1998-06-09 Northrop Grumman Corporation Non-mechanical magnetic pump for liquid cooling
US6440059B1 (en) 1999-10-14 2002-08-27 Cimex Biotech Lc Magnetohydrodynamic cardiac assist device

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