US3806763A - Electrified particles generating apparatus - Google Patents
Electrified particles generating apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3806763A US3806763A US00237822A US23782272A US3806763A US 3806763 A US3806763 A US 3806763A US 00237822 A US00237822 A US 00237822A US 23782272 A US23782272 A US 23782272A US 3806763 A US3806763 A US 3806763A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- receptacle
- particles
- voltage source
- corona
- terminal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000180177 Listrocephalos corona Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003094 perturbing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005596 ionic collisions Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
- G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/08—Plant for applying liquids or other fluent materials to objects
- B05B5/087—Arrangements of electrodes, e.g. of charging, shielding, collecting electrodes
- B05B5/088—Arrangements of electrodes, e.g. of charging, shielding, collecting electrodes for creating electric field curtains
Definitions
- Particlesh are further charged in eaving the bottom outlet of t e receptacle, to be elec- UNITED STATES PATENTS trostatically attracted to an article to be coated with 3,264,998 8/1966 Dingman 417/48 P them 3,122,882 3/1964 Schultz et al.
- This invention relates to apparatus for effecting controlled movement of powder-like or fine grained particulate material from a source thereof to an article to be coated with the material; and the invention is more particularly concerned with apparatus of that type that is especially suitable for use inelectrostatic powder coating processes, wherein the particles of the material must carry an electrical charge in at least the last stage of their movement towards an article to be coated, so that they can be electrostatically attracted to the article.
- the object of the invention is to provide an apparatus in which the above defects are overcome and wherein a gas flow need not be utilized, the apparatus being arranged, instead, to generate a beam-like flow of strongly electrified particles and to provide for accurate control of such fiow electrodynamically, thus enabling the above mentioned types of processes to be accurately performed.
- the above object is, in the present invention, attained in that, by utilizing an electrodynamical action of drawing out the particles by means of an alternating constantly varying electric field, the particles are electrified by contact with other bodies or by mutual contact and are peeled off the opponent of the contact or one another, and are drawn out into a space and then applied to the article to be coated.
- the mating objects for making contact with the dust particles and so producing contact electrification there can be used metals, semi-conductors, dielectrics and other arbitrary suitable bodies.
- dielectrics especially teflon, polystyrol or other organic dielectrics, are preferably to be used.
- a method may be resorted to in which the particles are made to contact with said stationary contact bodies, and are sent slidingly into an alternating unequal electric field portion to be driven out continuously by dint of gravity,
- said particles and said alternating electric field are made to move relatively and continuously. But by means of a suitable method, the particles are made to adhere to contacting bodies continuously and at the same time the particles adhering to said contacting bodies and the alternating electric field for driving out the particles are made to move relatively.
- This relative motion may be achieved by putting the alternating electric field at rest and moving relative to it the contacting bodies to which the particles adhere. But reversely the same object may be attained by letting the latter be at rest and, by forming an electric field curtain of traveling type, as will be shown in detail hereinafter, along the contacting bodies.
- the first object of the present invention i.e., no use of gas flow
- the electrified particles thus generated are liable to be dispersed by the mutual Coulombs repulsive force and to adhere to other bodies by electrostatic induction, and so it is generally very difficult to introduce them into aimed position effectively and without any contact.
- the present invention utilizes a transporting apparatus of electric field curtain type devised by the inventer.
- the inventor has found that if a group of electrodes is arranged in insulating relation, in parallel at equal intervals and divided into two groups connected alternately with a singlephase alternating current power source, a series of stationary wave alternating constantly changing electric fields is formed in neighboring relation to each other along said group of electrodes and this has a powerful electro-dynamical repulsive force against the electrified particles and he has named said electric field series an electric field curtain of stationary wave type.
- said group of electrodes is divided into 11 groups by connecting them at intervals to n electrodes, and these are connected one after the other in order to an n-phase alternating current power source, then a traveling wave constantly varying electric field progressing in an orderly direction along said group of electrodes is formed, this having a repulsive force against the electrified particles as well as an action of transportation in the traveling direction. He has named this electric field the electric field curtain of traveling wave type.
- an electric field curtain of stationary wave type or traveling wave type is formed along a surface of a predetermined cylinder, for example, by a group of coaxial annular electrodes perpendicularly to the axis and at equal intervals along said surface of the cylinder, then the group of electrified particles introduced into this region is held in a space near its axis without any contact with other surfaces and can be transported within the cylinder while being propelled by a suitable driving force such as gravity, wind force, Coulombs repulsive force between each particle, transporting force due to the traveling wave unequal electric field, etc., thus providing an electrodynamical electrified particle transporting apparatus which furnishes the particles in a beam-like flow from the end of the cylinder to the wanted position.
- a suitable driving force such as gravity, wind force, Coulombs repulsive force between each particle, transporting force due to the traveling wave unequal electric field, etc.
- the electrified particles generated by the present invention can be furnished to arbitrary positions effectively and without any contacting with other surfaces.
- the above stated object are attained as follows: initially particles are dispersed radially by centrifugal force imparted to the particles by means of a rotating disc, rotating cup, blade wheel, etc.; the particles are electrified intensively, in spite of their comparatively large quantities, by utilizing ionic collisions in making them pass through a positive or negative ionic current curtain extending across the traveling direction of the particles and surrounding the outer periphery of said particle revolving and supplying apparatus, by means of a corona discharge electrode arranged along the whole of the outer periphery of said particle revolving and supply apparatus, and an electrode confronting said corona electrode; the electrified particles thus generated and traveling in a radial direction after being suppressed on pass near the inner surface of a receptacle comprising a dielectric wall which is arranged near, or embeds, a group of electrodes for the formation of a stationary or traveling alternating electric field that encircles said particle revolving and supply apparatus and the whole or
- the novel electrified particle generating apparatus presents a remarkable effect in that a relatively large quantity of intensely electrified dust particles can be suppled to a required space without relying upon any gas flow.
- the single FIGURE is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of an electrified particle generating apparatus for drawing out and supplying electrified particles to a necessary space by making them intersect with ionic current produced by a corona discharge.
- 121 is a revolving cup'made of conductor, semiconductor or dielectric having symmetry about an axis of revolution 122, and which gives particles a revolving motion, but which is supported on a metallic hollow cylinder or tube 124 that is concentric with the axis 122 and has a hole 123 at its lower end where it is attached to the cup.
- Said metallic tube 124 has three concentric discs 125, 126, 127 fixed to it at axially spaced intervals, and it is supported freely rotatably around the axis 122 by a bobbin 129 which is in turn supported freely rotatably by a bearing 128.
- Said metallic tube 124 has its upper end 130 sealingly and freely rotatably received in the lower outlet portion 132 of a fixed concentric dust particle storing tank 131.
- a gear 134 is concentrically fixed on the tube 124, in mesh with a smaller gear 133 driven by a driving motor 135, so that the tube is rotated about the axis 122 integrally with the revolving cup 121 and the bobbin 129.
- an annular metallic electrode 137 confronting the sharpedged rim 136 of the revolving cup 121.
- the lower edges 146 of said annular electrode 137 are rounded so as not to excite a corona discharge.
- the electrode 137 is connected to a metallic slip ring 139 fixed on the insulator body 138 of the bobbin, via a conductor embedded in said body 138, and is thereby connected to a positive direct current high voltage power source via a brush 141, the conductor 142, the terminal 143 and a protective resistance 144.
- Said annular electrode 137 thus confronts the sharp-edged circumferential portion 136 of the earthed revolving cup 121 across a space 147.
- Slip ring 139 and the brush 141, to which a high voltage is applied, are insulated by the insulator coating 148 on the conductor 140 and by the two insulator discs 125, 126 between which the slip ring and brush are located.
- a valve 169 for regulating the supply quantity of dust particles is received in the neighborhood of and cooperates with an inner surface 150 of conical joints formed in both the lower opening 132 of the tank 131 and the upper portion 130 of said metallic tube 124.
- the valve is adjustably supported on they upper tank lid 153 by means of the screw 152.
- the gap between the said inner surface 150 and the valve can be made to vary and so the supply quantity of the dust particles may be regulated.
- the upper surface 155 of the revolving cup 121 has a mountain shaped projection 156 and by this means drives the dust particles supplied into its central portion through the cylinder 124 radially away from its centre, thus bringing the particles under the action of centrifugal force.
- a receptacle 161 composed of insulator walls has a closed top through which the hollow cylinder 124 extends, an upper portion 158, a conical middle portion 159 and a lower cylindrical outlet portion 160 concentrically arranged with respect to the axis 122 and surrounding the above-mentioned revolving cup 121.
- the lowermost disc 127 of the insulator bobbin is arranged and fixedly supported in an air-tight manner to a closed insulator box 163 fixed in the outside of the lower outlet portion 132 of the tank 131 near the closed top of the receptacle 161.
- the revolving cup 121 is made of conductor or semi-conductor material there occurs of course a negative corona from its periphery 136 but if the revolving cup 121 is an insulator, a creeping corona is produced from the portion of the earthed metallic cylinder 124 that is connected with the upper surface of said cup 121, and, as the potential of the cup periphery 136 approaches to that of the earth, a negative discharge is produced from the periphery portion 136 as before. And in this case as the above-mentioned creeping corona discharge circuit is put in series, there is an advantage that there is no danger of producing sparks liable to ignite the dust in the space between the periphery 136 and the electrode 137.
- a negative corona discharge electrode 176 of needle shape is arranged on the axis 122, being supported by a metallic supporting arm projecting inward from an annular electrode 166" embedded near the outlet opening 173.
- a negative direct current high voltage is applied to the electrode 166" via a conductor 169 and a protective resistance 178 from a negative direct current high voltage power source 177.
- a negative corona discharge is generated against the earth from the point 179 of electrode 176 and re-electrifies the electrified particles to be supplied outward from the outlet 173, thus replacing any loss of the charge on them to the wall surface 171 as they move down it.
- a gas inlet 183 is provided on the insulator box 163 and dried air, CO N, or other inert gas is introduced from said gas inlet 183 into the insulator receptacle 161 via said box 163 and a gas hole 184, and then exhausted continuously outward from the outlet 173.
- the inner wall 171 of said receptacle 161 is always sufficiently dry so that the charge on the electrified particles contacting said inner wall is not lost in surface leakage owing to atmospheric moisture. If inert gas is used when the dust particles are inflammable, any spark discharge that might by chance occur between the periphery 136 and the electrode 137 will not cause burning or the explosion of the dust particles.
- Apparatus for controlledly supplying powder-like material from a source thereof to a surface of a solid article comprising:
- a centrifuging element in the upper end portion of the receptacle confined to rotation about said axis and having a rim that is spaced radially inwardly from the inner surface of the receptacle and axially inwardly from the upper end thereof;
- C. means for delivering particulate material from said source thereof to a portion of the upper surface of the centrifuging element that is near said axis;
- corona electrode means having circumferentially spaced portions in spaced, opposing relation to rim portions of said centrifuging element and cooperating with said rim portions to define a charging space through which particulate material must pass in leaving the centrifuging element, said corona electrode means being connectable with one terminal of a direct current high voltage source;
- F. means'connectable with the other terminal of said high voltage source and cooperating with said corona means to produce a corona discharge across said charging space by which particles passing therethrough are given an electric charge;
- G a plurality of annular electrodes in concentric contacting relation to said wall means and spaced radially outwardly from said interior surface thereof, said electrodes being spaced apart by substantially uniform distances along the height of the receptacle from the outlet at least up to the level of said charging space;
- H means for connecting each of the annular electrodes with only one of the terminals of an alternating current voltage source, adjacent annular electrodes being connected with different ones of said terminals and the sequence of such connections of the several annular electrodes being a regular one so that a constantly varying electric field is produced that repels charged particles from said interior surface;
- another corona discharge electrode substantially concentrically disposed at said outlet and connectable to one terminal of a direct current high voltage source that has its other terminal connected with an article to be coated, for producing a corona discharge which insures that particles passing out of said outlet will be charged and will be attracted to said article.
- the apparatus of claim 1 further characterized by: the upper surface of said centrifuging element being substantially bowl shaped, so as to be inclined upwardly and radially outwardly.
- said centrifuging element has a substantially sharpedged rim portion
- the first mentioned corona electrode means comprises an annular electrode spaced above, concentrically with, and in opposing relation to said rim portion;
- said means cooperating with the first mentioned corona electrode means comprises a collector ring and a cooperating brush which are connected with said other terminal of the first mentioned high voltage source and with said centrifuging element so that the rim portion of the centrifuging element cooperates with said first mentioned corona electrode means in producing corona discharge.
- J. means for forcing gas to flow downwardly through said receptacle.
- centrifuging element is electrically non-conducting, further characterized by:
- said means for delivering particulate material from said source to the centrifuging element comprising a coaxial electrically conducting tube having its lower end adjacent to the upper surface of the centrifuging element;
- said means cooperating with the first mentioned corona electrode means comprising means connecting said tube with said other terminal of the first mentioned high voltage source.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2192071A JPS5414141B1 (fr) | 1971-04-08 | 1971-04-08 | |
JP1500172A JPS5536987B2 (fr) | 1972-02-12 | 1972-02-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3806763A true US3806763A (en) | 1974-04-23 |
Family
ID=26351061
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00237822A Expired - Lifetime US3806763A (en) | 1971-04-08 | 1972-03-24 | Electrified particles generating apparatus |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3806763A (fr) |
BE (1) | BE781457A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA976599A (fr) |
CH (1) | CH561086A5 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE2216819A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2132840B1 (fr) |
IT (1) | IT950975B (fr) |
NL (1) | NL7204624A (fr) |
SE (1) | SE379482B (fr) |
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US4011991A (en) * | 1974-08-04 | 1977-03-15 | Senichi Masuda | Electrostatic powder painting apparatus |
US4255777A (en) * | 1977-11-21 | 1981-03-10 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Electrostatic atomizing device |
US5463524A (en) * | 1989-08-10 | 1995-10-31 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Producing electrosuspensions |
US20020122751A1 (en) * | 1998-11-05 | 2002-09-05 | Sinaiko Robert J. | Electro-kinetic air transporter-conditioner devices with a enhanced collector electrode for collecting more particulate matter |
US20020150520A1 (en) * | 1998-11-05 | 2002-10-17 | Taylor Charles E. | Electro-kinetic air transporter-conditioner devices with enhanced emitter electrode |
US20030147786A1 (en) * | 2001-01-29 | 2003-08-07 | Taylor Charles E. | Air transporter-conditioner device with tubular electrode configurations |
US20040018126A1 (en) * | 1998-11-05 | 2004-01-29 | Lau Shek Fai | Electrode self-cleaning mechanism for electro-kinetic air transporter-conditioner devices |
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US6791078B2 (en) | 2002-06-27 | 2004-09-14 | Micromass Uk Limited | Mass spectrometer |
US20040202547A1 (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2004-10-14 | Sharper Image Corporation | Air transporter-conditioner with particulate detection |
US20050023453A1 (en) * | 2002-08-05 | 2005-02-03 | Bateman Robert Harold | Mass spectrometer |
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US20060018812A1 (en) * | 2004-03-02 | 2006-01-26 | Taylor Charles E | Air conditioner devices including pin-ring electrode configurations with driver electrode |
US20060021509A1 (en) * | 2004-07-23 | 2006-02-02 | Taylor Charles E | Air conditioner device with individually removable driver electrodes |
US20070009406A1 (en) * | 1998-11-05 | 2007-01-11 | Sharper Image Corporation | Electrostatic air conditioner devices with enhanced collector electrode |
US7220295B2 (en) | 2003-05-14 | 2007-05-22 | Sharper Image Corporation | Electrode self-cleaning mechanisms with anti-arc guard for electro-kinetic air transporter-conditioner devices |
US20070148061A1 (en) * | 1998-11-05 | 2007-06-28 | The Sharper Image Corporation | Electro-kinetic air transporter and/or air conditioner with devices with features for cleaning emitter electrodes |
US20070210734A1 (en) * | 2006-02-28 | 2007-09-13 | Sharper Image Corporation | Air treatment apparatus having a voltage control device responsive to current sensing |
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US20110073349A1 (en) * | 2008-03-14 | 2011-03-31 | Denis Payan | Device for preventing the establishment of an electric arc between two conductive elements |
US7959869B2 (en) | 1998-11-05 | 2011-06-14 | Sharper Image Acquisition Llc | Air treatment apparatus with a circuit operable to sense arcing |
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US20180202075A1 (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2018-07-19 | Ian McClure | Multi-phase, variable frequecy electrospinner system |
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Families Citing this family (11)
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FR2337961A1 (fr) * | 1976-01-08 | 1977-08-05 | Onoda Cement Co Ltd | Dispositif pour produire des particules chargees |
GB1603863A (en) * | 1977-06-16 | 1981-12-02 | Sign Electronics Ltd | Printing apparatus |
ES485764A1 (es) * | 1978-11-15 | 1980-10-01 | Thomae Gmbh Dr K | Procedimiento para el recubrimiento de utiles de moldeo pa- ra la fabricacion de cuerpos moldeados. |
US4450220A (en) * | 1981-02-25 | 1984-05-22 | Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd. | Method of charging electrostatic developer |
DE3120769C1 (de) * | 1981-05-25 | 1983-04-14 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Vorrichtung zur Toner-Aerosol-Bildung |
DE3138507C2 (de) * | 1981-09-28 | 1983-08-18 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Einrichtung zum Entwickeln eines elektrostatischen Ladungsbildes mit Tonerteilchen |
JPS59181371A (ja) * | 1983-03-31 | 1984-10-15 | Toshiba Corp | 現像装置 |
EP0265376A1 (fr) * | 1986-10-01 | 1988-04-27 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Revêtement de petits objets |
RU2547337C2 (ru) * | 2013-07-30 | 2015-04-10 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" | Утройство для исследования эффективности высокоскоростной имплозии лайнера |
RU2568675C1 (ru) * | 2014-07-21 | 2015-11-20 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" | Спиральный взрывомагнитный генератор и способ кумуляции импульса тока |
RU2649997C1 (ru) * | 2017-04-10 | 2018-04-06 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" (Госкорпорация "Росатом") | Способ и устройство формирования фронта детонационной волны (варианты) и устройство инициирования |
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-
1972
- 1972-03-23 CA CA137,985A patent/CA976599A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-03-24 US US00237822A patent/US3806763A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1972-03-24 SE SE7203881A patent/SE379482B/xx unknown
- 1972-03-30 BE BE781457A patent/BE781457A/fr unknown
- 1972-03-31 IT IT22710/72A patent/IT950975B/it active
- 1972-04-06 NL NL7204624A patent/NL7204624A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1972-04-07 DE DE19722216819 patent/DE2216819A1/de active Pending
- 1972-04-07 CH CH515072A patent/CH561086A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-04-10 FR FR7212545A patent/FR2132840B1/fr not_active Expired
Patent Citations (8)
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US1985254A (en) * | 1933-06-15 | 1934-12-25 | H H Weaver | Electric gun or projectile propelling apparatus |
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US3387218A (en) * | 1964-05-06 | 1968-06-04 | Trw Inc | Apparatus for handling micron size range particulate material |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2132840B1 (fr) | 1976-08-06 |
BE781457A (fr) | 1972-07-17 |
NL7204624A (fr) | 1972-10-10 |
CH561086A5 (fr) | 1975-04-30 |
SE379482B (fr) | 1975-10-13 |
DE2216819A1 (de) | 1972-10-19 |
IT950975B (it) | 1973-06-20 |
CA976599A (en) | 1975-10-21 |
FR2132840A1 (fr) | 1972-11-24 |
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