US3801083A - Wear-resistant spouts for metallurgical vessels - Google Patents
Wear-resistant spouts for metallurgical vessels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3801083A US3801083A US00319118A US3801083DA US3801083A US 3801083 A US3801083 A US 3801083A US 00319118 A US00319118 A US 00319118A US 3801083D A US3801083D A US 3801083DA US 3801083 A US3801083 A US 3801083A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- insert
- wear
- resistant
- vessel
- spout according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052566 spinel group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000161 steel melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/14—Closures
- B22D41/22—Closures sliding-gate type, i.e. having a fixed plate and a movable plate in sliding contact with each other for selective registry of their openings
- B22D41/28—Plates therefor
Definitions
- a particui larly preferred material is melt-cast corundum.
- the intermediate vessles of a continuous casting system are provided with one or several bottom openings through which the liquid metal flows into the casting mold.
- tundish When casting bars with large cross-sections, for instance slabs, the amounts of steel flowing from the tundish into the casting mold will be controlled by varying the flow cross-section, for instance by means of stopper rods or sliding shutters.
- stopper rods or sliding shutters When casting small cross-sections in continuous casting facilities for rods, such control is impossible on account of space limitations. In such cases the filling height in the tundish will be kept approximately constant so that the ferrostatic pressure remains approximately constant. Therefore the outflow rate of the melt into the casting mold will be determined by the crosssections of the outlets in the bottom, which generally are termed nozzles.
- Panlike sliding shutters are advantageous not only for preheating the casting ladles but even more so as regards to their multiple applicabilities. Economical application is clearly improved on account of the repeated use of the same sliding shutter.
- the enlargement of the clear flow cross-section determines most of the time the frequency with which a sliding shutter may be used. The moment a given enlargement of the transmission channel has been reached, the sliding shutter must be replaced.
- the present invention addresses itself to the task of developing a wear-resistant spout the cross-section of which will but slightly enlarge even after long times of casting and that furthermore may be mass-produced in simple manner.
- melt-cast ceramic materials such as corundum and high-sintered, virtually pore-free oxide-ceramic refractory substances based on corundum, spinels, zirconium oxide, mullite and magnesite are particularly appropriate. It has been found that such pore-free ceramic materials obtained from a melt, which are endowed with high strengths but are of low resistance to temperature changes, may withstand without damage the temperature shock when the melt is first poured. Materials with porosities of less than 5 percent may be considered as being virtually pore-free.
- sleeves or of pipe sections inserted into the corresponding cross-sections of the spouts has particularly proved itself in practice where these conventional spouts had been enlarged.
- Such sleeves with wall thickness from approximately 2 mm to 10 mm may be easily and simply manufactured; for instance they may be bored out of melt-cast corundum blocks by means of conventional ceramic cements and into the appropriately prepared die components.
- Spouts and nozzles may be manufactured as a whole from these virtually pore-free oxide-ceramic, refractory materials according to the invention. Furthermore, conically shaped or other blocking inserts may be made use of in a support body. Such inserts and spouts in practice have been found useful in special cases.
- FIG. 1 is photograph of a used continuous-casting nozzle, made of various materials
- FIG. 2 is a side elevation showing a commerical, bored-out continuous-casting nozzle, which is cemented into a wear-resistant sleeve made from a meltcast corundum body, according to the invention
- FIG. 3 illustrates a slider arrangement, wherein a corundum sleeve is inserted into the bottom slide plate
- FIG. 4 illustrates another slider-shutter arrangement in which a continuous wear-resistant sleeve covering the joint between stone and plate is cemented following assembly of inflow body and bottom plate, and a continuous, wear-resistant sleeve covering the joint be tween stone and plate is cemented following assembly of outflow body and slider-plate.
- FIG. 1 is a photograph of an used, experimental extrusion casting nozzle to 1:1 scale in which the nozzle holding body 30 consisted of a zirconium silicate, the upper part of inserted sleeve 31 consisted of meltcorundum and the lower sleeve part 32 consisted of a high-grade zirconium oxide of conventional ceramic manufacture. Residual slag remains in transmission channel 33, which will drain upon termination of casting. Initially the nozzle support body 30, made: of zirconium silicate, was about 30 mm longer. After operaof steel passed through this nozzle, body 30 is entirely eroded. Corundum sleeve.3l indicates a reaction range of about 1mm deep only at its contact area and elsewhere is free of any penetration.
- the lower sleeve part 32 which is made of high-grade zirconium oxide of conventional ceramic manufacture with a total porosity of about 17 percent exhibits strongpenetrations and clearly indicates appreciable wear. It must be observed in this respect that it is precisely in the lower range of the nozzle that normally the least wear is to be expected.
- FIG. 2 shows a continuous-casting nozzle into which is cemented by means of cement layer 3, a melt-cast sleeve 2 made of corundum and bored-out.
- Fitting 4 of sleeve to the inflow funnel of the extrusion-casting may be effected either by finishing the corundum sleeve by means of diamond grinders or by means of an appropriate ceramic substance or cement, as shown in FIG. 2.
- Sleeve 2 may be kept from falling out by means of an outer cone or by appropriate ledges.
- the easily fashioned shape shown in FIG. 2 has proved to be reliable in practice as regards preventing slipping out.
- the wall thickness of the sleeve shown in FIG. 2 should exceed 2 mm.
- wall thicknesses ranging 5 to mm, preferably 8 mm, should be used.
- Such a sleeve also was made of melt-cast mullite and of the same dimensions, and in a further experiment, it consisted of a highly pore-free, sintered corundum tube section; the latters wall thickness was 3 mm.
- Sleeves of appreciable wall thickness may also be utilized as direct nozzles in lieu of nozzles with cemented sleeves, when inserted into an appropriate opening in the bottom of a tundish.
- Such nozzles are machined as a whole from melt-cast or from similar nearly pore-free, sintered ceramic materials in mechanical manner and their crosssectional contours preferably are round, although they may also be square or rectangular or hexagonal or polygonal.
- the external shape of such nozzles which might be made from melt-cast corundum stones, when sawed or bored out, are (preferably cylindrical) possibly with a flange, though most often without, or they. may be conical.
- Continuous-casting nozzles, lined in accordance with the invention have been used for casting steel rods with square cross-section of an edge length of 180 mm.
- the steel composition was 0.08% carbon, 0.28% silicon, 0.5% managanese, 0.04% phosphorus, 0.03% sulfur and 0.006% aluminum. Casting was performed in two lines at rates of 1.8 to 2 meter/min.
- the conventional known nozzle materials such as zirconium silicate, zirconium oxide, mullite or other refractory materials containing residual contaminations up to about 5 percent or substantial amounts of clay, casting rates increased to above 2% meter/min after I hours, so that casting had to be interrupted.
- the clear transmission channel in the commercially conventional nozzle in the process had very unevenly enlarged from an initial diameter of 15 mm to approximately 17 to 20 mm. In part there were much more pronounced and also unilateral erosions requiring premature plugging of the nozzles.
- the cemented sleeve consisted of melt-cast-corundum
- the casting rates following figs of casting did not exceed 2 meter/min.
- the ID of the nozzle channel had been negligibly enlarged to about 16 mm.
- the process of the invention for the economical manufacture of continuous-casting nozzles starts from the consideration that only a minor part of the nozzle will be attacked by the steel flowing through and by the slag particles that are carried along with the steel.
- more wear-resistant sleeves preferably tubular sections, made of economical refractory materials such as fireclay, can be cemented into the nozzle bodies.
- These cemented die-bodies consist of materials with higher resistance to the melt flowing through the nozzle.
- Nozzle body 1 consists of economical refractory material such as fireclay into which is cemented an appropriate tubular section 2 made of a more wear-resistant material such as zirconium oxide.
- Cement layer 3 consists of the same material as mentioned in the first example.
- cements made of MgO, signal (AL O MgO), zirconium oxide and zirconium silicate have been found practical.
- the weight ratio will be more favorable.
- the conventional materials from the system Si0 -AlzO will be used as the economical nozzle mawhen manufacturing such insertion sleeves or tubular sections, where the required lengths will be sawed off, it was found that the relatively small wall thickness of these sleeve bodies from about 5 to mm will provide higher freedom from porosity of the refractory substance when making use of the conventional means.
- the inner cross-sectional contours of the inserted, wearable nozzle components are not always circular. Oval and polygonal outflow cross-sections as well as crosslike and star-like cross-sections for quieting the casting jet have also been found useful.
- the sense of the invention encompasses also lining the conventional pan-like outflows in whole or in part, for instance such as rings in the outflow range, with meltcast or hermetic, nearly pore-free sintered ceramic materials.
- Such sleeves 15 for reducing wear in the bottom plate 13 and in slider plate 14 of pan-like slider shutters as shown in FIG. 3 have been found practical.
- the time of replacement of the slider shutters could be raised from two to five castings by installing sleeves made of melt-cast corundum.
- One ring with a wall thickness of 10 mm was cemented into each of the plates of the bottom and of the slider.
- the plate material in that case consisted of economical quality with about 60% A1 0 content
- the plates of the comparison slider without sleeve consisted of a high grade material with about 85% A1 0
- a further increase in time of operation of the slider shutters and by a factor of about two and in particular an appreciable improvement of operational reliability were surprisingly obtained by making use of continuous, wear-resistant sleeves l8 and 19, made for instance from melt-corundum, and installed over the inflow stone and bottom plate 21 as well as over slider plate 22 and outflow stone 23 as shown in FIG. 4.
- the inflow stone 20 and the bottom plate 21 are installed by means of the customary assembly means and adjusting means into the ladle bottom.
- the ceramic sleeve 18 is cemented in.
- Sleeve 19 is mounted into the assembled unit consisting of the slider plate 22 and outflow stone 23 in the sense of the invention. Assembling sleeves l8 and 19 together with the stoneand-plate assembly is also feasible and provides the same results.
- the joint between plate 21 or 22 and stone 20 or 23 will be avoided by means of the continuous, wear-resistant sleeves and therefore there will be no reinforced wear nor any steel penetration in the area of the joint.
- a wear-resistant spout for metallurgical vessles consisting of a vessel provided with an orifice and a highly wearresistant insert in said orifice exposed to the melt, wherein the insert consists of a practically poreless oxide-ceramic refractory material.
- An insert according to claim 1 wherein the insert consists of mullite, magnesite, spinel, zirconium oxide individually or in combination.
- a spout according to claim 1 wherein the insert consists of a double-part sleeve, of which one part is mounted in the bottom of the vessel and of which the other part is mounted in a slider shutter which selectively opens and closes the orifice in said vessel.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2165537A DE2165537A1 (de) | 1971-12-30 | 1971-12-30 | Verfahren zur erhoehung der haltbarkeit und der wirtschaftlichkeit von ausgussoeffnungen an gefaessen zur aufnahme von fluessigem metall |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3801083A true US3801083A (en) | 1974-04-02 |
Family
ID=5829693
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00319118A Expired - Lifetime US3801083A (en) | 1971-12-30 | 1972-12-29 | Wear-resistant spouts for metallurgical vessels |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3801083A (es) |
JP (1) | JPS4885433A (es) |
DE (1) | DE2165537A1 (es) |
FR (1) | FR2169899B1 (es) |
GB (1) | GB1412371A (es) |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3997090A (en) * | 1974-07-12 | 1976-12-14 | Metacon A.G. | Device and method for forming a mortar joint packing between a vessel outlet and a removable closure |
US4096976A (en) * | 1975-06-30 | 1978-06-27 | Daussan Et Compagnie | Vessels for transferring liquid metal having a removable insulating lining |
FR2486429A1 (fr) * | 1980-07-10 | 1982-01-15 | Flocon Italiana | Procede permettant de reparer ou de remettre en etat des pieces d'usure refractaires de dispositifs d'obturation coulissants |
US4568007A (en) * | 1984-01-23 | 1986-02-04 | Vesuvius Crucible Company | Refractory shroud for continuous casting |
US4599242A (en) * | 1983-09-19 | 1986-07-08 | Plasmafusion, Inc. | Refractory slidegate with countersunk hole and method |
US4640447A (en) * | 1983-11-02 | 1987-02-03 | Didier-Werke Ag | Molten metal immersion pouring spout |
US4720083A (en) * | 1983-07-15 | 1988-01-19 | Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved | Valve closure gate assembly for foundry ladles |
US5350609A (en) * | 1991-01-17 | 1994-09-27 | Vesuvius Crucible Company | Insulating monolithic refractory material, manufacturing process and article according to the process |
US5765730A (en) * | 1996-01-29 | 1998-06-16 | American Iron And Steel Institute | Electromagnetic valve for controlling the flow of molten, magnetic material |
US5868956A (en) * | 1996-07-11 | 1999-02-09 | Shinagawa Refractories Co., Ltd. | Nozzle for use in continuous casting of steel |
US6511751B2 (en) * | 1999-12-24 | 2003-01-28 | Veitsch-Radex Gmbh | Stopper rod |
US20070012370A1 (en) * | 2005-07-18 | 2007-01-18 | Honeywell International, Inc. | Facetted high temperature thruster design |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5083313U (es) * | 1973-12-04 | 1975-07-17 | ||
JPS5087118U (es) * | 1973-12-13 | 1975-07-24 | ||
JPS5115111U (es) * | 1974-07-23 | 1976-02-03 | ||
JPS5154108U (es) * | 1974-10-24 | 1976-04-24 | ||
JPS5610459Y2 (es) * | 1975-06-24 | 1981-03-09 | ||
SE7607681L (sv) * | 1975-07-09 | 1977-01-10 | Foseco Trading Ag | Forfarande for kontinuerlig gjutning |
DE2719105B2 (de) * | 1977-04-29 | 1979-10-31 | Didier-Werke Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden | Feuerfeste Platte für Schieberverschlüsse an metallurgischen Gefäßen |
DE2840398C2 (de) * | 1978-09-16 | 1982-02-18 | Didier-Werke Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden | Schiebeverschlußanordnung für den Abstich an Metallschmelze enthaltenden Behältnissen |
DE3243305C1 (de) * | 1982-11-23 | 1989-02-23 | Egon 5650 Solingen Evertz | Verfahren zur Instandsetzung von Schieberplatten |
DE3412388C2 (de) * | 1984-04-03 | 1986-10-02 | Didier-Werke Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden | Feuerfester Eintauchausguß |
DE3420835C2 (de) * | 1984-06-05 | 1989-11-23 | Chamotte- und Tonwerk Kurt Hagenburger, 6718 Grünstadt | Keramischer Ausguß |
JPS6146368A (ja) * | 1984-08-09 | 1986-03-06 | Nippon Steel Corp | 溶融金属の超音波振動装置 |
DE3523420C1 (en) * | 1985-06-29 | 1987-01-08 | Didier Werke Ag | Nozzle and immersed nozzle for pouring aluminium-killed steels |
DE3533253C1 (de) * | 1985-09-18 | 1987-03-12 | Didier Werke Ag | Feuerfeste Verschleissteile fuer Schieberverschluesse am Ausguss metallurgischer Gefaesse |
FR2696368B1 (fr) * | 1992-10-01 | 1994-12-23 | Lorraine Laminage | Récipient pour la coulée d'un métal liquide. |
DE19637960C2 (de) * | 1996-09-18 | 1999-08-19 | Didier Werke Ag | Mehrschichtiger feuerfester Verschleißkörper |
JP5324081B2 (ja) * | 2007-12-18 | 2013-10-23 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 注湯用ノズルおよび連続鋳造装置 |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3511261A (en) * | 1964-11-25 | 1970-05-12 | Benteler Geb Paderwerk | Controllable teeming valve for steel-casting ladles |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2268482A (en) * | 1940-05-04 | 1941-12-30 | Harvey Robert Harold | Ladle nozzle construction |
FR1265944A (fr) * | 1960-05-25 | 1961-07-07 | Didier Werke Ag | Procédé et dispositif de réglage du volume de métal passant par la busette de la poche de coulée |
US3196504A (en) * | 1962-02-27 | 1965-07-27 | Republic Steel Corp | Cast nozzle inserts |
GB995565A (en) * | 1962-08-31 | 1965-06-16 | Pickford Holland And Company L | Improvements in or relating to nozzles and other refractories for use in teeming andcasting steel |
FR1443691A (fr) * | 1965-08-06 | 1966-06-24 | Stobcker & Kunz G M B H | Brique réfractaire formant déversoir |
US3395840A (en) * | 1966-07-15 | 1968-08-06 | Vesuvius Crucible Co | Nozzle for a bottom pour ladle for molten metal |
BE757219A (fr) * | 1969-10-13 | 1971-03-16 | Interstop Ag | Fermeture a tiroir de decharge pour des cuves de coulee de metaux |
-
1971
- 1971-12-30 DE DE2165537A patent/DE2165537A1/de active Pending
-
1972
- 1972-12-29 US US00319118A patent/US3801083A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1972-12-29 FR FR7246979A patent/FR2169899B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-12-29 JP JP48004269A patent/JPS4885433A/ja active Pending
-
1973
- 1973-01-01 GB GB4873A patent/GB1412371A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3511261A (en) * | 1964-11-25 | 1970-05-12 | Benteler Geb Paderwerk | Controllable teeming valve for steel-casting ladles |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3997090A (en) * | 1974-07-12 | 1976-12-14 | Metacon A.G. | Device and method for forming a mortar joint packing between a vessel outlet and a removable closure |
US4096976A (en) * | 1975-06-30 | 1978-06-27 | Daussan Et Compagnie | Vessels for transferring liquid metal having a removable insulating lining |
FR2486429A1 (fr) * | 1980-07-10 | 1982-01-15 | Flocon Italiana | Procede permettant de reparer ou de remettre en etat des pieces d'usure refractaires de dispositifs d'obturation coulissants |
US4720083A (en) * | 1983-07-15 | 1988-01-19 | Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved | Valve closure gate assembly for foundry ladles |
US4599242A (en) * | 1983-09-19 | 1986-07-08 | Plasmafusion, Inc. | Refractory slidegate with countersunk hole and method |
US4640447A (en) * | 1983-11-02 | 1987-02-03 | Didier-Werke Ag | Molten metal immersion pouring spout |
US4568007A (en) * | 1984-01-23 | 1986-02-04 | Vesuvius Crucible Company | Refractory shroud for continuous casting |
US5350609A (en) * | 1991-01-17 | 1994-09-27 | Vesuvius Crucible Company | Insulating monolithic refractory material, manufacturing process and article according to the process |
US5765730A (en) * | 1996-01-29 | 1998-06-16 | American Iron And Steel Institute | Electromagnetic valve for controlling the flow of molten, magnetic material |
US5868956A (en) * | 1996-07-11 | 1999-02-09 | Shinagawa Refractories Co., Ltd. | Nozzle for use in continuous casting of steel |
US6511751B2 (en) * | 1999-12-24 | 2003-01-28 | Veitsch-Radex Gmbh | Stopper rod |
US20070012370A1 (en) * | 2005-07-18 | 2007-01-18 | Honeywell International, Inc. | Facetted high temperature thruster design |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2165537A1 (de) | 1973-07-19 |
FR2169899B1 (es) | 1977-04-08 |
FR2169899A1 (es) | 1973-09-14 |
JPS4885433A (es) | 1973-11-13 |
GB1412371A (en) | 1975-11-05 |
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