US3395840A - Nozzle for a bottom pour ladle for molten metal - Google Patents

Nozzle for a bottom pour ladle for molten metal Download PDF

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Publication number
US3395840A
US3395840A US565522A US56552266A US3395840A US 3395840 A US3395840 A US 3395840A US 565522 A US565522 A US 565522A US 56552266 A US56552266 A US 56552266A US 3395840 A US3395840 A US 3395840A
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Prior art keywords
nozzle
sheath
seat
core
ladle
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US565522A
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Weldon J Gardner
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Vesuvius Crucible Co
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Vesuvius Crucible Co
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Priority to US565522A priority Critical patent/US3395840A/en
Priority to GB23260/67A priority patent/GB1148340A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
    • B22D41/502—Connection arrangements; Sealing means therefor

Definitions

  • Interfitting means may be provided between the seat and sheath positively holding down the seat relatively to the sheath preventing lifting of the seat from the sheath due to the tendency of the seat to adhere to the ladle stopper when the stopper is lifted.
  • the interfitting means may be screw threads.
  • the inside of the sheath and the outside of the core may be equally tapered downwardly and inwardly whereby the core is seated and retained in the sheath.
  • the core may be threaded into the sheath.
  • the sheath may be of insulating refractory material, the core of wear resistant refractory material and the seat of pyroplastic refractory material.
  • This invention relates to a nozzle for a bottom pour ladle for molten metal and particularly to a multipart nozzle having elements adapted to be assembled to form the nozzle and which may be replaced by other elements of the same shape but of different metallurgical characteristics so that the nozzle may be adapted to the particular molten metal being delivered or teemed from the ladle through the nozzle.
  • My nozzle is especially adapted for use in a ladle for teeming molten metal, such as molten steel, into ingot molds.
  • molten metal such as molten steel
  • Different steels have different characteristics affecting the action of the molten steel on the nozzle. Some steels are relatively caustic and tend to chemically attack the nozzle while other steels have a more pronounced abrasive effect. It is desirable to be able to adapt the nozzle to most effectively resist the deteriorating effect, chemical or physical, of the steel or other molten metal flowing through the nozzle.
  • My nozzle comprises a sheath with a separate core in the lower portion of the sheath and a separate seat in the upper portion of the sheath above the core.
  • the core shapes the stream of molten metal issuing from the nozzle.
  • the seat is the element of the nozzle against which the ladle stopper acts to shut off the flow, as when the ladle is to be moved from one ingot mold to another.
  • the nozzle sheath is mounted in the ladle with the core disposed in the lower portion of the sheath and the seat above the core.
  • the nozzle elements may be assembled before the nozzle is applied to the ladle or the nozzle sheath may be mounted in the ladle and the core and seat then applied.
  • I desirably provide interfitting means between the seat and the sheath positively holding down the seat relatively to the sheath preventing lifting of the seat from the sheath due to the tendency of the seat to adhere to the ladle stopper when the stopper is lifted.
  • the interfitting means are screw threads.
  • the inside of the sheath and the outside of the core may be equally tapered downwardly and inwardly whereby the core may be seated and retained in the sheath. Then application of the seat atop the core completes the "ice nozzle assembly, the interfitting means acting between the seat and sheath holding the nozzle elements together.
  • the inside of the sheath and the outside of the core may be threaded so that the core is maintained in place in the sheath by the interfitting threads similarly to the action of the threads of the seat and sheath.
  • the sheath is of insulating refractory material, normally fire clay.
  • insulating refractory materials may be substituted, such, for example, as bubbled alumina or other known equivalent porous refractory material having insulating properties due to its porosity.
  • the core is of relatively wear-resistant refractory material.
  • examples of such materials are magnesium oxide, mullite, high alumina clay-graphite and zircon.
  • the seat is desirably of pyroplastic refractory material. I may make the seat of -95% (preferably zircon with the remainder zirconium oxide. Alternatively the seat may be made of zircon and alumina or zircon and refractory clay, or under particular circumstances the materials above specified for the core may be used for the seat.
  • the advantage of using pyroplastic material for the seat is that the seat is thereby adapted to plastically yield to some extent under the pressure of the ladle stopper at operating temperature and upon raising of the ladle stopper partially restores itself, this characteristic persisting through repeated closing and opening of the nozzle.
  • FIGURE 1 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of a refractory-lined steel ladle for teeming molten metal with one form of my multipart nozzle mounted therein;
  • FIGURE 2 is a cross-sectional view of another form of my multipart nozzle.
  • the ladle except for the nozzle may be of conventional shape and therefore only the portion thereof in which the nozzle is mounted is shown.
  • the ladle shell 2 is made of steel and the ladle is lined with refractory material 3 as well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the shell 2 has an opening 4 to receive the lower portion of the nozzle, and a nozzle supporting ring 5 is bolted to the shell by bolts 6.
  • Disposed in the ladle above the opening 4 is a nozzle mounting block 7 of refractory material; this may be either a preformed block or refractory material rammed in place.
  • a ladle stopper which may be of conventional shape is employed as diagrammatically illustrated at 8.
  • the multipart nozzle is mounted in the block 7 and comprises a sheath 9, a core 10 and a seat 11. These three elements are separately formed and may be and preferably are of different materials as above explained and are adapted to be assembled to form the nozzle either before the nozzle is mounted in the block 7 or by mounting the sheath in the block and then applying the core and seat.
  • the sheath 9 serves to properly position the core and seat.
  • the inner surface of the sheath is smoothly tapered downwardly and inwardly in the form of a portion of the surface of a cone.
  • the outer surface of the core 10 is similarly shaped so that when the core is dropped into the sheath the core will be properly positioned and maintained against falling out through the bottom of the sheath by the taper as shown in FIGURE 1.
  • the sheath may be similarly retained in the block 7 or the supporting ring may be relied upon to hold the nozzle in the ladle.
  • the seat 11 is screwed into the upper portion of the sheath atop the core whereby the integrity of the nozzle is insured.
  • the threading of the seat into the upper portion of the sheath prevents lifting of the seat with the ladle stopper 8 if the seat tends to adhere to the ladle stopper.
  • FIGURE 2 shows a modified form of my multipart nozzle which may be substituted for the form of nozzle shown in FIGURE 1.
  • the core 10a is mounted in the sheath 90 by being threaded thereinto similarly to the threading of the seat into the upper portion of the sheath.
  • the seat 11a may be identical to the seat 11 of FIGURE 1.
  • the bore through the core may be either cylindrical or tapered in the form of a portion of the surface of a cone or otherwise shaped, depending upon the characteristics of the stream of molten metal issuing from the nozzle which may be desired.
  • the elements of the nozzle may be selected for optimum resistance to the molten steel or other molten metal being poured. Insulation of the seat by a sheath of insulating refractory material reduces skulling and consequent inclusions. A core of wear resistant refractory material and a seat of pyroplastic refractory material further reduce the likelihood of inclusions and leakage. Control of the pouring rate is provided for, the seat being shaped to accommodate either a conical or a spherically shaped stopper head. When a conical stopper head is employed a throttling or needle valve action is provided for. The flow can be maintained reasonably uniform during pouring, without dependence upon bore erosion.
  • a nozzle for a bottom pour ladle for molten metal comprising a sheath with a separate core in the lower portion of the sheath and a separate seat shaped to receive and cooperate with a ladle stopper to close the nozzle in the upper portion of the sheath above the core, the nozzle including interfitting means between the seat and sheath positively holding down the seat relatively to the sheath preventing lifting of the seat from the sheath due to the tendency of the seat to adhere to the ladle stopper when the stopper is lifted, the interfitting means being screw threads.
  • a nozzle for a bottom pour ladle for molten metal comprising a sheath with a separate core in the lower portion of the sheath and a separate seat shaped to receive and cooperate with a ladle stopper to close the nozzle in the upper portion of the sheath above the core, the core being threaded into the sheath.
  • a nozzle as claimed in claim 3 in which the sheath is of insulating refractory material, the core is of wear resistant refractory material and the seat is of pyroplastic refractory material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)

Description

United States Patent 3,395,840 NOZZLE FOR A BOTTOM POUR LADLE FOR MOLTEN METAL Weldon J. Gardner, Greentree Borough, Pa., assignor to Vesuvius Crucible Company, Swissvale, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Filed July 15, 1966, Ser. No. 565,522 4 Claims. (Cl. 222566) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A nozzle for a bottom pour ladle for molten metal comprising a sheath with a separate core in the lower portion of the sheath and a separate seat shaped to receive and cooperate with a ladle stopper to close the nozzle in the upper portion of the sheath above the core. Interfitting means may be provided between the seat and sheath positively holding down the seat relatively to the sheath preventing lifting of the seat from the sheath due to the tendency of the seat to adhere to the ladle stopper when the stopper is lifted. The interfitting means .may be screw threads. The inside of the sheath and the outside of the core may be equally tapered downwardly and inwardly whereby the core is seated and retained in the sheath. The core may be threaded into the sheath. The sheath may be of insulating refractory material, the core of wear resistant refractory material and the seat of pyroplastic refractory material.
This invention relates to a nozzle for a bottom pour ladle for molten metal and particularly to a multipart nozzle having elements adapted to be assembled to form the nozzle and which may be replaced by other elements of the same shape but of different metallurgical characteristics so that the nozzle may be adapted to the particular molten metal being delivered or teemed from the ladle through the nozzle.
My nozzle is especially adapted for use in a ladle for teeming molten metal, such as molten steel, into ingot molds. Different steels have different characteristics affecting the action of the molten steel on the nozzle. Some steels are relatively caustic and tend to chemically attack the nozzle while other steels have a more pronounced abrasive effect. It is desirable to be able to adapt the nozzle to most effectively resist the deteriorating effect, chemical or physical, of the steel or other molten metal flowing through the nozzle.
My nozzle comprises a sheath with a separate core in the lower portion of the sheath and a separate seat in the upper portion of the sheath above the core. The core shapes the stream of molten metal issuing from the nozzle. The seat is the element of the nozzle against which the ladle stopper acts to shut off the flow, as when the ladle is to be moved from one ingot mold to another.
The nozzle sheath is mounted in the ladle with the core disposed in the lower portion of the sheath and the seat above the core. The nozzle elements may be assembled before the nozzle is applied to the ladle or the nozzle sheath may be mounted in the ladle and the core and seat then applied.
I desirably provide interfitting means between the seat and the sheath positively holding down the seat relatively to the sheath preventing lifting of the seat from the sheath due to the tendency of the seat to adhere to the ladle stopper when the stopper is lifted. In my preferred form of nozzle the interfitting means are screw threads.
The inside of the sheath and the outside of the core may be equally tapered downwardly and inwardly whereby the core may be seated and retained in the sheath. Then application of the seat atop the core completes the "ice nozzle assembly, the interfitting means acting between the seat and sheath holding the nozzle elements together.
The inside of the sheath and the outside of the core may be threaded so that the core is maintained in place in the sheath by the interfitting threads similarly to the action of the threads of the seat and sheath.
The sheath is of insulating refractory material, normally fire clay. Other insulating refractory materials may be substituted, such, for example, as bubbled alumina or other known equivalent porous refractory material having insulating properties due to its porosity.
The core is of relatively wear-resistant refractory material. Examples of such materials are magnesium oxide, mullite, high alumina clay-graphite and zircon.
The seat is desirably of pyroplastic refractory material. I may make the seat of -95% (preferably zircon with the remainder zirconium oxide. Alternatively the seat may be made of zircon and alumina or zircon and refractory clay, or under particular circumstances the materials above specified for the core may be used for the seat.
The advantage of using pyroplastic material for the seat is that the seat is thereby adapted to plastically yield to some extent under the pressure of the ladle stopper at operating temperature and upon raising of the ladle stopper partially restores itself, this characteristic persisting through repeated closing and opening of the nozzle.
Other details, objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent as the following description of certain present preferred embodiments thereof proceeds.
In the accompanying drawings I have shown certain present preferred embodiments of the invention in which:
FIGURE 1 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of a refractory-lined steel ladle for teeming molten metal with one form of my multipart nozzle mounted therein; and
FIGURE 2 is a cross-sectional view of another form of my multipart nozzle.
Referring now more particularly to the drawings and first to FIGURE 1, the ladle except for the nozzle may be of conventional shape and therefore only the portion thereof in which the nozzle is mounted is shown. The ladle shell 2 is made of steel and the ladle is lined with refractory material 3 as well known to those skilled in the art. The shell 2 has an opening 4 to receive the lower portion of the nozzle, and a nozzle supporting ring 5 is bolted to the shell by bolts 6. Disposed in the ladle above the opening 4 is a nozzle mounting block 7 of refractory material; this may be either a preformed block or refractory material rammed in place. A ladle stopper which may be of conventional shape is employed as diagrammatically illustrated at 8.
All of the structure above described may be conventional.
The multipart nozzle is mounted in the block 7 and comprises a sheath 9, a core 10 and a seat 11. These three elements are separately formed and may be and preferably are of different materials as above explained and are adapted to be assembled to form the nozzle either before the nozzle is mounted in the block 7 or by mounting the sheath in the block and then applying the core and seat.
The sheath 9 serves to properly position the core and seat. In the structure shown in FIGURE 1 the inner surface of the sheath is smoothly tapered downwardly and inwardly in the form of a portion of the surface of a cone. The outer surface of the core 10 is similarly shaped so that when the core is dropped into the sheath the core will be properly positioned and maintained against falling out through the bottom of the sheath by the taper as shown in FIGURE 1. The sheath may be similarly retained in the block 7 or the supporting ring may be relied upon to hold the nozzle in the ladle.
After the core has been inserted into the sheath, either before or after the sheath is mounted in the block 7, the seat 11 is screwed into the upper portion of the sheath atop the core whereby the integrity of the nozzle is insured. The threading of the seat into the upper portion of the sheath prevents lifting of the seat with the ladle stopper 8 if the seat tends to adhere to the ladle stopper.
FIGURE 2 shows a modified form of my multipart nozzle which may be substituted for the form of nozzle shown in FIGURE 1. In the form of FIGURE 2 the core 10a is mounted in the sheath 90 by being threaded thereinto similarly to the threading of the seat into the upper portion of the sheath. In FIGURE 2 the seat 11a may be identical to the seat 11 of FIGURE 1.
In either form the bore through the core may be either cylindrical or tapered in the form of a portion of the surface of a cone or otherwise shaped, depending upon the characteristics of the stream of molten metal issuing from the nozzle which may be desired.
As above indicated, the elements of the nozzle may be selected for optimum resistance to the molten steel or other molten metal being poured. Insulation of the seat by a sheath of insulating refractory material reduces skulling and consequent inclusions. A core of wear resistant refractory material and a seat of pyroplastic refractory material further reduce the likelihood of inclusions and leakage. Control of the pouring rate is provided for, the seat being shaped to accommodate either a conical or a spherically shaped stopper head. When a conical stopper head is employed a throttling or needle valve action is provided for. The flow can be maintained reasonably uniform during pouring, without dependence upon bore erosion.
While I have shown and described certain present preferred embodiments of the invention it is to be distinctly understood that the invention is not limited thereto but may be otherwise variously embodied within the scope of the following claims.
I claim:
1. A nozzle for a bottom pour ladle for molten metal comprising a sheath with a separate core in the lower portion of the sheath and a separate seat shaped to receive and cooperate with a ladle stopper to close the nozzle in the upper portion of the sheath above the core, the nozzle including interfitting means between the seat and sheath positively holding down the seat relatively to the sheath preventing lifting of the seat from the sheath due to the tendency of the seat to adhere to the ladle stopper when the stopper is lifted, the interfitting means being screw threads.
2. A nozzle for a bottom pour ladle for molten metal comprising a sheath with a separate core in the lower portion of the sheath and a separate seat shaped to receive and cooperate with a ladle stopper to close the nozzle in the upper portion of the sheath above the core, the core being threaded into the sheath.
3. A nozzle as claimed in claim 1 in which the core is threaded into the sheath.
4. A nozzle as claimed in claim 3 in which the sheath is of insulating refractory material, the core is of wear resistant refractory material and the seat is of pyroplastic refractory material.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,072,872 9/1913 Michaels 222-567 1,635,839 7/1927 Hassall et al. 222566 X FOREIGN PATENTS 337,754 10/ 1934 Netherlands. 228,418 7/1963 Austria.
STANLEY H. TOLLBERG, Primary Examiner.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No 3 ,395 ,840 August 6 1968 Weldon J. Gardner It is certified that error appears in the above identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
Column 4, line 31, "1,072,872" should read 1,072,972 line 35 "337 ,754" should read 33 ,754
Signed and sealed this 23rd day of December 1969.
(SEAL) Attest:
Edward M. Fletcher, Jr.
Commissioner of Patents Attesting Officer WILLIAM E. SCHUYLER, IR.
US565522A 1966-07-15 1966-07-15 Nozzle for a bottom pour ladle for molten metal Expired - Lifetime US3395840A (en)

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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3596804A (en) * 1969-03-07 1971-08-03 Westinghouse Electric Corp Pouring spout for continuous casting of molten metals
US3628706A (en) * 1968-10-15 1971-12-21 Southwire Co Long life spout
FR2169899A1 (en) * 1971-12-30 1973-09-14 Maximilianshuette Eisenwerk
US3801058A (en) * 1973-01-15 1974-04-02 Steel Corp Apparatus for forming a refractory nozzle body
FR2417360A1 (en) * 1978-02-20 1979-09-14 Didier Werke Ag BOTTOM CASTING OUTLET OF METALLURGIC CONTAINER USED TO RECEIVE LIQUID MELTED STEEL, ESPECIALLY FROM CONTINUOUS CAST BASKET
US4219139A (en) * 1978-11-01 1980-08-26 Albany International Corp. Bottom pouring crucible
US4541553A (en) * 1983-09-20 1985-09-17 Servsteel, Inc. Interlocking collector nozzle assembly for pouring molten metal
US4573616A (en) * 1982-05-24 1986-03-04 Flo-Con Systems, Inc. Valve, clamp, refractory and method
US4828014A (en) * 1985-12-13 1989-05-09 Inland Steel Company Continuous casting tundish and assembly
FR2692505A1 (en) * 1992-06-22 1993-12-24 Tokyo Yogyo Kk Molten metal casting tube for pressure casting - consists of two sections connected by threaded joint having conical surfaces
US5335896A (en) * 1993-03-03 1994-08-09 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Nozzle insert for a steelmaking ladle
US5858260A (en) * 1994-09-05 1999-01-12 Daussan & Compagnie Molten metal pouring container and prefabricated sleeve for fixing a nozzle in a container of this kind
US20030201588A1 (en) * 2002-04-29 2003-10-30 North American Refractories Co. Well block for metallurgical vessel
EP2243575A1 (en) * 2007-12-18 2010-10-27 Showa Denko K.K. Molten metal pouring nozzle and continuous molding device
US20110057364A1 (en) * 2009-08-09 2011-03-10 Max Eric Schlienger System, method, and apparatus for pouring casting material in an investment cast
CN103846423A (en) * 2014-02-24 2014-06-11 江苏泰瑞耐火有限公司 Partially-embedded zirconic nozzle in tundish
CN111050950A (en) * 2018-03-06 2020-04-21 黑崎播磨株式会社 Air port arrangement structure

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS48107823U (en) * 1972-03-18 1973-12-13
DE3300166C2 (en) * 1983-01-05 1986-07-17 ARBED Saarstahl GmbH, 6620 Völklingen Multi-part immersion nozzle for continuous casting plants
GB2307876A (en) * 1995-12-09 1997-06-11 Flogates Ltd Metering nozzle for a tundish

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1072872A (en) * 1911-03-09 1913-09-09 Abraham Rockowitz Hose-supporter.
US1635839A (en) * 1925-06-11 1927-07-12 Hassall John Knowles Nozzle for ladles used in pouring molten metal
AT228418B (en) * 1959-10-13 1963-07-10 Beteiligungs & Patentverw Gmbh Continuous caster

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1072872A (en) * 1911-03-09 1913-09-09 Abraham Rockowitz Hose-supporter.
US1635839A (en) * 1925-06-11 1927-07-12 Hassall John Knowles Nozzle for ladles used in pouring molten metal
AT228418B (en) * 1959-10-13 1963-07-10 Beteiligungs & Patentverw Gmbh Continuous caster

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3628706A (en) * 1968-10-15 1971-12-21 Southwire Co Long life spout
US3596804A (en) * 1969-03-07 1971-08-03 Westinghouse Electric Corp Pouring spout for continuous casting of molten metals
FR2169899A1 (en) * 1971-12-30 1973-09-14 Maximilianshuette Eisenwerk
US3801058A (en) * 1973-01-15 1974-04-02 Steel Corp Apparatus for forming a refractory nozzle body
FR2417360A1 (en) * 1978-02-20 1979-09-14 Didier Werke Ag BOTTOM CASTING OUTLET OF METALLURGIC CONTAINER USED TO RECEIVE LIQUID MELTED STEEL, ESPECIALLY FROM CONTINUOUS CAST BASKET
US4219139A (en) * 1978-11-01 1980-08-26 Albany International Corp. Bottom pouring crucible
US4573616A (en) * 1982-05-24 1986-03-04 Flo-Con Systems, Inc. Valve, clamp, refractory and method
US4541553A (en) * 1983-09-20 1985-09-17 Servsteel, Inc. Interlocking collector nozzle assembly for pouring molten metal
US4828014A (en) * 1985-12-13 1989-05-09 Inland Steel Company Continuous casting tundish and assembly
FR2692505A1 (en) * 1992-06-22 1993-12-24 Tokyo Yogyo Kk Molten metal casting tube for pressure casting - consists of two sections connected by threaded joint having conical surfaces
US5329987A (en) * 1992-06-22 1994-07-19 Tokyo Yogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Molten metal pouring pipe for pressure-casting machine
US5335896A (en) * 1993-03-03 1994-08-09 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Nozzle insert for a steelmaking ladle
US5858260A (en) * 1994-09-05 1999-01-12 Daussan & Compagnie Molten metal pouring container and prefabricated sleeve for fixing a nozzle in a container of this kind
US20030201588A1 (en) * 2002-04-29 2003-10-30 North American Refractories Co. Well block for metallurgical vessel
US6763981B2 (en) * 2002-04-29 2004-07-20 North American Refractories Co. Well block for metallurgical vessel
EP2243575A1 (en) * 2007-12-18 2010-10-27 Showa Denko K.K. Molten metal pouring nozzle and continuous molding device
CN101945718A (en) * 2007-12-18 2011-01-12 昭和电工株式会社 Molten metal pouring nozzle and continuous molding device
US20110120665A1 (en) * 2007-12-18 2011-05-26 Showa Denko K.K. Molten metal pouring nozzle and continuous molding device
EP2243575A4 (en) * 2007-12-18 2011-11-30 Showa Denko Kk Molten metal pouring nozzle and continuous molding device
US8776863B2 (en) * 2007-12-18 2014-07-15 Showa Denko K.K. Molten metal pouring nozzle and continuous molding device
CN101945718B (en) * 2007-12-18 2016-03-30 昭和电工株式会社 Pouring metal melt mouth and casting apparatus
US20110057364A1 (en) * 2009-08-09 2011-03-10 Max Eric Schlienger System, method, and apparatus for pouring casting material in an investment cast
US8501085B2 (en) 2009-08-09 2013-08-06 Rolls Royce Corporation System, method, and apparatus for pouring casting material in an investment cast
CN103846423A (en) * 2014-02-24 2014-06-11 江苏泰瑞耐火有限公司 Partially-embedded zirconic nozzle in tundish
CN111050950A (en) * 2018-03-06 2020-04-21 黑崎播磨株式会社 Air port arrangement structure

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