US3798027A - Gray iron - Google Patents

Gray iron Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3798027A
US3798027A US00208489A US3798027DA US3798027A US 3798027 A US3798027 A US 3798027A US 00208489 A US00208489 A US 00208489A US 3798027D A US3798027D A US 3798027DA US 3798027 A US3798027 A US 3798027A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
percent
iron
alloy
inoculant
silicon
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00208489A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
C Defranco
Eeghem J Van
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CENTRE RECH SCIENTIFIQUES L IND FABRICATIONS METALLIQUES BE
RECH SCIENT L IND FABRICATIONS
Original Assignee
RECH SCIENT L IND FABRICATIONS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by RECH SCIENT L IND FABRICATIONS filed Critical RECH SCIENT L IND FABRICATIONS
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3798027A publication Critical patent/US3798027A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron

Definitions

  • INVEA/TDRS il/wuss Min/v60 .Tn/v ww means;
  • the present invention relates to gray iron.
  • the gray irons actually known as high strength gray irons with lamellar graphite have relatively low carbon (2.6 to 3.2 percent) and silicon (l to 1.5 percent) contents.
  • molybdenum and/or chromium and to subsequently 1 inoculate the liquid iron.
  • the present invention is a new and improved alloy, having properties which are not present in irons where aluminum is used with medium or high silicon contents (which are normal in classical silicon irons) nor in irons where high silicon contents are used without aluminum even when inoculated with an alloy containing calcium, barium or strontium.
  • the cast iron according to the invention is characterized by the fact, that on the one hand it contains aluminum as a graphitizing element, and on the other hand it is inoculated.
  • the tensile strength of the irons according to the invention varies, for irons with lamellar graphite, be tween 35 and 70 kgf/mm as a function of wallthickness and carbon and aluminum contents; their tendency to chilling is almost non-existent.
  • the useful and economical range of the aluminum content lies between 1 and 3 percent.
  • the silicon content of the cast irons according to the present invention should preferably and advantageously be lower than 1 percent.
  • the silicon content is zero.
  • the selected from the group consisting of barium and strontium is incorporated in the molten iron by an aluminum containing bearer.
  • FIG. 1 shows tensile strength plotted against carbon content
  • FIG. 2 shows tensile strength plotted against silicon content
  • FIG. 3 shows tensile strength plotted against Brinell hardness.
  • the graph of FIG. 1 shows the variation of tensile strength in 30 mm -diameter test bars (ordinate), determined as a function of carbon content (abscissa) on irons containing respectively an average aluminium content of 1.8 percent (curve 1) or 2.5 percent (curve 2) and inoculated by addition of 1% SiCa.
  • the straight dotted line, 3, in FIG. 1, represents the theoretical tensile strength of classical irons containing 1.5 percent silicon.
  • the useful and economical range of the aluminum contents lies between I and 3 percent.
  • FIG. 2 shows the influence of increasing silicon contents (abscissa) on the tensile strength (ordinate) of inoeula ted aluminum bearing iron cast intest-bars of 3 different diameters.
  • Curve 4 relates to 30 mm -diameter test bars, curve 5 to 20 ram-diameter test bars and curve 6 to 12 m ndiameter test bars.
  • the silicon content of the irons according to the present invention should therefore preferably be lower than 1 percent.
  • the silicon content of the iron as graphitizing element may even be zero, in which case the silicon is replaced totally by aluminum.
  • Sulfur increases the chill depth and decreases both the tensile strength and the impact modulus.
  • Phosphorus has no influence on chill depth but considerably decreases the impact modulus.
  • manganese, sulfur and phosphorus contents respectively to the following maximum values: 0.7 percent for Mn; 0.05 percent for S and 0.1 percent for P.
  • the chill depth of the non-inoculated cast irons varies generally between 20 mm and total chill, although it becomes almost non-ex'istant (O2 mm) after inoculation.
  • the amount of inoculating alloy added to the cast iron according to the invention must be more greater than that used for the inoculation of conventional silicon cast irons.
  • the conventional cast irons are generally inoculated with 0.1 to 0.3 percent of an inoculant, for instance SiCa
  • the cast irons according to the invention must be inoculated with at least 0.3% SiCa.
  • the inoculant contains silicon as the bearer of the active inoculating element.
  • the inoculant contains silicon as the bearer of the active inoculating element.
  • R is the Tensile Strength.
  • the black circles represent the scarce quantitative data given in the literature for conventional high strength gray irons.
  • the Brinell hardness of the aluminum cast iron is on the average 50 to 60 Brinell units lower than that of the conventional silicon cast irons.
  • the hardness of the cast irons according to the invention is relatively low, which results in machinability which is comparable to, or even betterthan that of the silicon cast irons.
  • the cast irons according to the present invention also have the advantage of being made from inexpensive raw materials.
  • the new cast irons are particularly suited to produce high strength castings and thin-walled castings which have to be machined.
  • the skin of the castings of aluminum cast iron is smoother than the skin of the usual castings of silicon cast iron, which allows a considerable reduction of cleaning costs. 7
  • a particularly interesting area of application of the new cast irons is in casting in metal molds.
  • the castings in conventional silicon irons, cast in metal molds must generally be heat-treated to decompose the carbides which are formed during the rapid cooling in the metal mold.
  • Example 1 The hardness and strength tables of in Example 1 give the comparative results of tests for an iron according to the invention which has been inoculated, the silicon content being the sum of the silicon content of the base materials and the silicon content added to the iron as a component of the inoculant, and for the noninoculated base iron, the silicon content of the latter being the silicon content of the base n at et ials.
  • a high strength low hardness gray iron consisting essentially of about 1 3 percent aluminum, 2 4 percent carbon, up to 1 percent silicon and the balance iron, said gray iron having been innoculated with l to 2 percent of an inoculant alloy, the active inoculant of which is selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium and strontium, said active inoculant being preseltia P'EfiUQljEEF! emqqn s ivs, F L 3 b? non-inoculated base iron 2.90% C; 0.09% Si; 1.85% Al inoculated iron 2.70% C; 0.35% Si; 1.85% Al inoculation with SiCa: 1%
  • Brinell Hardness 4530mm 20mm 12mm non-inoculinoculnon-inoculinoculnon-inoculinoculated ated ated ated ated ated 246 234 295 256 white iron 280 EXAMPLE 2 Brinell Hardness of the as cast alloy by about 50 Brinell In this example an iron inoculated with 1% Fe-Al- Ca has been added flor comparison.
  • gray iron having been inoculated with l to 2 percent of an inoculant alloy, the active inoculant of which is selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium and strontium, said active inoculant being present in the alloy in an amount effective to reduce the Brinell Hardness of the as cast alloy by about 50 Brinell units.
  • a high strength low hardness gray iron consisting essentially of about 1 3 percent aluminum, 2 4 percent carbon, up to 1 percent silicon, up to 0.7 percent manganese, up to 0.05 percent sulfur, up to 0.1 percent phosphorus, and the balance iron, said gray iron having been inoculated with l to 2 percent of an inoculant alloy, the active inoculant of which is selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium and strontium, said active inoculant being present in the alloy in an amount effective to reduce the Brinell Hardness of the as cast alloy by about 50 Brinell units.
  • a high strength low hardness gray iron having a flake graphite structure and consisting essentially of about 1 3 percent aluminum, 2 4 percent carbon, up to 1 percent silicon and the balance iron, said gray iron having been inoculated with l to 2 percent of an inoculant alloy, the active inoculant of which is selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium and strontium, said active inoculant being present in the alloy in an amount effective to reduce the Brinell Hardness of the as cast alloy by about 50 Brinell units.
  • a high strength low hardness gray iron consisting essentially of about 1 3 percent aluminum, 2 4 percent carbon, upto 1 percent silicon and the balance iron, said gray iron having been inoculated with l to 2 percent of an inoculant alloy selected from the group consisting of SiCa consisting essentially of about 33 percent calcium and the balance being silicon and FeAlCa consisting essentially of about 40 percent iron, 40 percent aluminum and percent calcium.
  • a high strength low hardness gray iron consisting essentially of about 1 3 percent aluminum, 2 4 percent carbon, up to 1 percent silicon, up to 0.7 percent manganese and the balance iron, said gray iron having been inoculated with l to 2 percent ofan inoculant alloy selected from the group consisting of SiCa consisting essentially of about 33 percent calcium and the balance being silicon and FeAlCa consisting essentially of about 40 percent iron, 40 percent aluminum and 20 percent calcium.
  • a high strength low hardness gray iron consisting essentially of about 1 3 percent aluminum, 2 4 percent carbon, up to l percent silicon, up to 0.7 percent manganese, up to 0.05 percent sulfur, up to 0.1 percent phosphorus and the balance iron, said gray iron having been inoculated with l to 2 percent of an inoculant alloy selected from the group consisting of SiCa consisting essentially of about 33 percent calcium and the balance being silicon and FeAlCa consisting essentially of about 40 percent iron, 40 percent aluminum and 20 percent calcium.
  • a high strength low hardness gray iron having a flake graphite structure and consisting essentially of about 1 3 percent aluminum, 2 4 percent carbon, up to 1 percent silicon and the balance iron, said gray iron having been inoculated with l to 2 percent of an inoculant alloy selected from the group consisting of SiCa consisting essentially of about 33 percent calcium and the balance being silicon and FeAlCa consisting essentially of about 40 percent iron, 40 percent aluminum and 20 percent calcium.
  • a cast gray iron article having a chill depth in mm. of between about 0.5 and 2, said article consisting essentially of about I 3 percent aluminum, 2 4 percent carbon, up to 1 percent silicon and the balance iron, said gray iron having been inoculated with 1 to 2 percent of an inoculant alloy, the active inoculant of which is selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium and strontium, said active inoculant being present in the alloy in an amount effective to reduce the Brinell Hardness of the as cast alloy by about 50 Brinell units.
  • a cast gray iron article having a chill depth in mm. of between about 0.5 and 2, said article consisting essentially of about 1 3 percent aluminum, 2 4 percent carbon, up to 1 percent silicon, up to 0.7 percent manganese, and the balance iron, said gray iron having been inoculated with 1 to 2 perce of an inocu- Ent alloy, the active inoculant brivifihi elected from the group consisting of calcium, barium and strontium, said active inoculant being present in the alloy in an amount effective to reduce the Brinell Hardness of the as cast alloy by about 50 Brinell units.
  • a cast gray iron article having a chill depth in mm. of between about 0.5 and 2, said article consisting essentially of about 1 3 percent aluminum, 2 4 percent carbon, up to 1 percent silicon, up to 0.7 percent manganese, up to 0.05 percent sulfur, up to 0.1 percent phosphorus, and the balance iron, said gray iron having been inoculated with l to 2 percent of an inoculant alloy, the active inoculant of which is selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium and strontium, said active inoculant being present in the alloy in an amount effective to reduce the Brinell Hardness of the as cast alloy by about 50 Brinell units.
  • a cast gray iron article having a flake graphite structure and a chill depth in mm. of between about 0.5 and 2, said article consisting essentially of about 1 3 percent aluminum, 2 4 percent carbon, up to l percent silicon and the balance iron, said gray iron having been inoculated with l to 2 percent of an inoculant alloy, the active inoculant of which is selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium and strontium, said active inoculant being present in the alloy in an amount effective to reduce the Brinell Hardness of the as cast alloy by about 50 Brinell units.
US00208489A 1968-02-13 1971-12-15 Gray iron Expired - Lifetime US3798027A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE710679 1968-02-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3798027A true US3798027A (en) 1974-03-19

Family

ID=3852341

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00208489A Expired - Lifetime US3798027A (en) 1968-02-13 1971-12-15 Gray iron

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3798027A (fr)
BE (1) BE710679A (fr)
CH (1) CH508729A (fr)
DE (1) DE1906008C3 (fr)
FR (1) FR2001827A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1258824A (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3997338A (en) * 1974-03-22 1976-12-14 Centre De Recherches Scientifiques Et Techniques De L'industrie Des Fabrications Metalliques, En Abrege C.R.I.F. Gray cast iron
US4363661A (en) * 1981-04-08 1982-12-14 Ford Motor Company Method for increasing mechanical properties in ductile iron by alloy additions
US6293988B1 (en) * 1998-08-04 2001-09-25 Rodney Louis Naro Inoculant and inoculant method for gray and ductile cast irons
US6733565B1 (en) 2002-04-24 2004-05-11 Rodney L. Naro Additive for production of irons and steels
WO2009005849A2 (fr) * 2007-01-25 2009-01-08 Richard D Sposato Richard Système de chauffage d'huile de moteur par panneau solaire, produit et procédé
US7618473B1 (en) 2003-10-27 2009-11-17 Rodney L. Naro Method for improving operational efficiency in clogged induction melting and pouring furnaces
US20100212317A1 (en) * 2007-01-25 2010-08-26 Richard Sposato Solar panel motor oil heating system, product and method
CN115786803A (zh) * 2022-12-15 2023-03-14 安徽信息工程学院 一种高硅耐蚀铸铁及其制备方法

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH655950A5 (de) * 1983-10-31 1986-05-30 Sulzer Ag Werkstueck aus gusseisen mit kugelgraphit.
DE102004010917C5 (de) 2004-03-05 2018-05-17 Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh Gusseisenwerkstoff mit hoher Festigkeit
DE102004010916A1 (de) * 2004-03-05 2005-09-22 Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh Nitrierfähiger Gusseisenwerkstoff mit lamellaren, vermicularen oder globularen Graphitstrukturen

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1515244A (en) * 1924-01-10 1924-11-11 W J Early Sons Foundry Corp Method of producing chilled-iron-alloy castings
US2134905A (en) * 1937-01-30 1938-11-01 British & Dominions Feralloy L Manufacture of cast iron
US2793114A (en) * 1954-04-22 1957-05-21 Meehanite Metal Corp Process for producing superior cast iron
US2885284A (en) * 1957-08-13 1959-05-05 Meehanite Metals Corp Ferrous alloy
US2950187A (en) * 1958-09-05 1960-08-23 Res Inst Iron Steel Iron-calcium base alloy
US3433685A (en) * 1966-05-20 1969-03-18 Gen Motors Corp High magnetic permeability cast alloy

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2662820A (en) * 1950-06-30 1953-12-15 Dayton Malleable Iron Co Method for producing cast iron

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1515244A (en) * 1924-01-10 1924-11-11 W J Early Sons Foundry Corp Method of producing chilled-iron-alloy castings
US2134905A (en) * 1937-01-30 1938-11-01 British & Dominions Feralloy L Manufacture of cast iron
US2793114A (en) * 1954-04-22 1957-05-21 Meehanite Metal Corp Process for producing superior cast iron
US2885284A (en) * 1957-08-13 1959-05-05 Meehanite Metals Corp Ferrous alloy
US2950187A (en) * 1958-09-05 1960-08-23 Res Inst Iron Steel Iron-calcium base alloy
US3433685A (en) * 1966-05-20 1969-03-18 Gen Motors Corp High magnetic permeability cast alloy

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3997338A (en) * 1974-03-22 1976-12-14 Centre De Recherches Scientifiques Et Techniques De L'industrie Des Fabrications Metalliques, En Abrege C.R.I.F. Gray cast iron
US4363661A (en) * 1981-04-08 1982-12-14 Ford Motor Company Method for increasing mechanical properties in ductile iron by alloy additions
US6293988B1 (en) * 1998-08-04 2001-09-25 Rodney Louis Naro Inoculant and inoculant method for gray and ductile cast irons
US6733565B1 (en) 2002-04-24 2004-05-11 Rodney L. Naro Additive for production of irons and steels
US6866696B1 (en) 2002-04-24 2005-03-15 Rodney L. Naro Additive for production of irons and steels
US7618473B1 (en) 2003-10-27 2009-11-17 Rodney L. Naro Method for improving operational efficiency in clogged induction melting and pouring furnaces
WO2009005849A2 (fr) * 2007-01-25 2009-01-08 Richard D Sposato Richard Système de chauffage d'huile de moteur par panneau solaire, produit et procédé
WO2009005849A3 (fr) * 2007-01-25 2009-02-19 D Sposato Richard Richard Système de chauffage d'huile de moteur par panneau solaire, produit et procédé
US20100212317A1 (en) * 2007-01-25 2010-08-26 Richard Sposato Solar panel motor oil heating system, product and method
US8714126B2 (en) 2007-01-25 2014-05-06 Richard D. Sposato Solar panel motor oil heating system, product and method
CN115786803A (zh) * 2022-12-15 2023-03-14 安徽信息工程学院 一种高硅耐蚀铸铁及其制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2001827A1 (fr) 1969-10-03
CH508729A (fr) 1971-06-15
BE710679A (fr) 1968-08-13
DE1906008C3 (de) 1973-12-20
FR2001827B1 (fr) 1973-11-16
DE1906008B2 (de) 1973-05-30
DE1906008A1 (de) 1971-01-21
GB1258824A (fr) 1971-12-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3798027A (en) Gray iron
US4414027A (en) Method for obtaining iron-based alloys allowing in particular their mechanical properties to be improved by the use of lanthanum, and iron-based alloys obtained by the said method
US5008074A (en) Inoculant for gray cast iron
US2516524A (en) White cast iron
US3137570A (en) Inoculating alloy
US4501612A (en) Compacted graphite cast irons in the iron-carbon-aluminum system
US2978320A (en) Method for producing a high strength ferrous metal
US4227924A (en) Process for the production of vermicular cast iron
US2643949A (en) Method for the production of iron and steel
US3619172A (en) Process for forming spheroidal graphite in hypereutectoid steels
US4430123A (en) Production of vermicular graphite cast iron
US2749238A (en) Method for producing cast ferrous alloy
US2683662A (en) Manufacture of iron and steel and products obtained
US2841488A (en) Nodular cast iron and process of making same
US3367395A (en) Method and apparatus for treating molten metals
US3113019A (en) Nodular iron production
US3762915A (en) Method for casting gray cast iron composition
JPS63483B2 (fr)
US2948605A (en) Nodular iron
US2683663A (en) Stainless steel and method of production
US2280286A (en) Addition agent and its use in the treatment of iron and steel
JPS6059284B2 (ja) 鋳鉄の接種方法
US2734822A (en) Method for making improved gray cast
US2377403A (en) Addition agent for treating molten iron and steel
SU1157112A1 (ru) Чугун