US3791589A - Fuel injection apparatus for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Fuel injection apparatus for internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
US3791589A
US3791589A US00338682A US3791589DA US3791589A US 3791589 A US3791589 A US 3791589A US 00338682 A US00338682 A US 00338682A US 3791589D A US3791589D A US 3791589DA US 3791589 A US3791589 A US 3791589A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
valve
valve member
passageway
fuel
valve seat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00338682A
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English (en)
Inventor
B Pagdin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GKN Automotive Ltd
Original Assignee
GKN Transmissions Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GKN Transmissions Ltd filed Critical GKN Transmissions Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3791589A publication Critical patent/US3791589A/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/08—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series the valves opening in direction of fuel flow

Definitions

  • a fuel injector for use with an internal combustion en- U S Cl 239/453 239/456 239/462 gine comprising a body through which extends a passageway for fuel, the delivery of which is controlled by a valve member slidably mounted in a tubular guide in the passageway between the closed position to which it is urged by a spring and fully opened position determined by a stop nut on the valve stem, a flow restric- 21 B340 1459 9 a ,5 3 4 2MO25 58 B ,5 904 7500 6 15 72 v n 65 547 u, ,5 H59 MN m M 5 53 Tm 3 m h NR $2 W 5 M I.
  • the present invention is based upon appreciation of certain desiderata to which a fuel injector should conform to achieve optimum performance. These desiderata are:-
  • the fuel injector should incorporate valve means for confining the delivery of fuel to desired periods (substantially coexistent with the pulses of fuel delivered from the fuel injection apparatus), the valve means being capable of being moved with a minimum of delay from a closed position to an open position, so as to supply the fuel during the limited period when the air inlet valve of the associated cylinder of the engine is open;
  • the fuel should be delivered in the form of a curtain which is sufficiently thin to enable the fuel readily to be broken up into droplets in the moving air stream established in the engine inlet manifold;
  • the effective cross-sectional area of the opening through which the fuel is delivered should be large enough to enable the pressure developed by the fuel injection apparatus to deliver a volume of fuel in each pulse in the time available (normally less than the period during which the inlet valve of the engine is open);
  • vapourisation of fuel in the injector should be minimised under conditions when the engine is at rest in the hot condition, to avoid prolonged cranking of the engine before liquid fuel is again delivered during subsequent starting;
  • the injector should be capable of being disassembled and reassembled readily and preferably without the use of special tools.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a new or improved form of injector which conforms more nearly to at least the first three, and preferably all, of these desiderata than those commonly available at the present time.
  • a fuel injector for an internal combustion engine comprises a body having a passageway extending therethrough between an inlet and an outlet, a valve seat in said body at said outlet, a valve member removably mounted relatively to said body between a closed position with respect to said valve seat and a fully open position in response to a pulse of pressure in fuel being supplied to said passageway, spring means for urging said valve member towards its closed position, stop means for urging said valve member towards its closed position, stop means cooperative with said valve member for determining said fully open position, flow restrictor means in said passageway imposing a limit upon the quantity of fuel which can be delivered during each pressure pulse as the repetition frequency of pulses increases with increasing engine speed.
  • the restrictor means tends to produce merging of successive pressure pulses incident at the valve means'and shortens the open time of the valve means in respect of each pulse, thereby starving the engine and maintaining properfuel-to-air ratio under these conditions.
  • valve means comprises a valve head having an annular valve face which in the fully open position of the valve is spaced from the valve seat, the latter also being of annular form to produce an approximately conical curtain of fuel, the valve member having a stem cooperating with guide means in the body to maintain the cross-sectional dimensions of the interspace between the valve face and the valve seat substantially constant at all positions around the axis of the valve head.
  • the restrictor means preferably comprises a barrier element disposed in the passageway upstream of the valve member and having a control orifice of cross-sectional area less than the cross-sectional area presented between the valve face and the valve seat when the valve member is in its fully open position.
  • the body of the injector may comprise an inner metal member incorporating the passageway aforesaid and an outer mounting bush embracing the body and formed of a material of low thermal conductivity, such bush being adapted to be fitted in an aperture in the inlet manifold of the engine with which the injector is required to be used.
  • the injector comprises a filter element disposed in the passageway.
  • the filter element is situated in the'passageway at a position upstream of the restrictor means.
  • the filter element may comprise a cup-shaped body of porous metallic material such as porous bronze.
  • FIG. I is a view in diametral longitudinal crosssection of one embodiment of injector in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view on an enlarged scale.
  • the bush 11 is adapted in any suitable manner to be secured in an aperture in the manifold. It may be a sliding (plug-in) fit in an aperture in the manifold and retained by a thin steel clip or there maybe an external screw thread on the bush cooperating with the threaded aperture in the manifold.
  • the inner component 10 of the body is formed with an axially extending passageway 13 for the flow of fuel between an inlet 13a and outlet 13b.
  • connection fitting 14 to enable a fuel pipe to be connected to the injector.
  • the fitting has a male screwthreaded portion 14a engagingin a female threaded portion 10a of component 10.
  • a resilient sealing member such as an O-ring 14b provides a fluid-tight joint.
  • a tubular guide 15 is fitted in the passageway terminating in an annular or ring-like valve seat 16 having a face 16a of frustoconical form and maintainedin fluid-tight relation with the component 10 by way of resilient sealing member such as an O-ring 17 contained in an annular cavity 18 in the component 10.
  • a valve member 19 is slidably mounted in the tubular guide 15 and has a head 20 having a frusto-conical or like valve face 20a cooperating with the valve seat 16a, and a stem 22 guided by the interior surface of the tubular guide 15.
  • the stem 22 has screw-threaded portion 23a and carries an adjusting nut 23.
  • a coiled compression spring 24 acting between the nut 23 and a flange 15a at the lower end of the tubular guide 15 serves to urge the valve into its closed position as shown in the drawing, in which the valve face 200 is in contact with the face 16a of the valve seat 16.
  • valve is moved to its open position by pressure of fuel in the passageway 13 acting on the piston area of the valve member, namely thearea presented by the stem 22 together with the area of the annular zone of the valve face 20a situated within the face 160 of valve seat 16 when the valve member is in its closed position.
  • a filter means comprising a cup-shaped filter element 25 preferably of porous bronze having a flange 26whi ch is clamped between a restrictor means 27 and the male element 14a on the inlet fitting.
  • the restrictor means 27 comprises a barrier element or washer formed of impermeable material, such as a metal, and having a control orifice 29 through which fuel, filtered by the element 25, can pass into the lower part of the passageway.
  • the control orifice would typically have a diameter between 0.5mm and 1.5mm.
  • the fuel injection apparatus provides pressure pulses of fuel at the inlet 13a to the passageway 13. These are transmitted through the filter element 25 and control orifice 29 and are incident over the piston area of the valve member.
  • the strength of the compression spring 24 is such that the valve member opens when a predetermined pressure has been achieved (for example 50 lbs. per square inch) and remains open throughout the pulse, pressure remaining substantially constant within the passageway 13 at this time, until the trailing edge of the pressure pulse is reached, when the valve member closes as soon as the pressure falls below the predetermined value.
  • control orifice 29 produces automatically a reduction in the quantity of fuel and thereby enables the correct air-to-fuel ratio to be maintained.
  • a fuel injector for use with an internal combustion engine comprising:-
  • a body having a passageway extending therethrough between an inlet and an outlet
  • a valve seat in said body at said outlet
  • a valve member removably mounted relatively to said body between a closed position with respect to said valve seat and a fully open position in response to a pulse of pressure in fuel being supplied to said passageway
  • stop means cooperative with said valve member for determining said fully open position
  • flow restrictor means in said passageway imposing a limit upon the quantity of fuel which can be delivered during each pressure pulse as the repetition frequency of pulses increases with increasing engine speed.
  • said valve member includes avalve head having an b.
  • said barrier element has a control orifice of a annular valve face which in the fully open position cross-sectional area less than the cross-sectional of Said Valve member is spaced from Said Valve area of the aperture defined between said valve Seat seat and the valve face of the valve member when b.
  • said valve seat is also of annular form for defining 5 the valve member is in i f ll open position in combination with said valve member an outlet aperture providing for delivery of an approximately conical curtain of fuel,
  • An injector according to claim 1 further comprisa. said restrictor means comprises a barrier element g a filter element disposed in Said passageway at a P disposed in said passageway at a position upstream sition upstream of said restrictor means.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
US00338682A 1972-03-03 1973-03-05 Fuel injection apparatus for internal combustion engines Expired - Lifetime US3791589A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB994272A GB1417702A (en) 1972-03-03 1972-03-03 Injectors for fuel injection apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3791589A true US3791589A (en) 1974-02-12

Family

ID=9881620

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00338682A Expired - Lifetime US3791589A (en) 1972-03-03 1973-03-05 Fuel injection apparatus for internal combustion engines

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3791589A (sl)
JP (1) JPS5749751B2 (sl)
AU (1) AU474906B2 (sl)
CA (1) CA967444A (sl)
DE (1) DE2310326A1 (sl)
FR (1) FR2174993B1 (sl)
GB (1) GB1417702A (sl)
IT (1) IT977956B (sl)
ZA (1) ZA731189B (sl)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5878961A (en) * 1996-06-14 1999-03-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Injection valve for injecting fuel directly into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine
EP1783359A1 (en) * 2005-11-02 2007-05-09 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Improved control valve arrangement
US11346313B2 (en) 2020-09-03 2022-05-31 Caterpillar Inc. Fuel flow limiter assembly having integral fuel filter and fuel system using same

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2432612B1 (fr) * 1978-07-31 1985-10-25 Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd Injecteur de carburant
DE3105686A1 (de) * 1981-02-17 1982-09-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart "kraftstoffeinspritzduese"
WO1993004277A1 (en) * 1991-08-15 1993-03-04 Yaroslavsky Zavod Toplivnoi Apparatury Method and nozzle for fuel feed to internal combustion engine
US10820860B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2020-11-03 One Drop Biosensor Technologies, Llc On-body microsensor for biomonitoring
CN106102578A (zh) 2014-03-13 2016-11-09 萨诺智能公司 用于监控身体化学性质的系统
US10595754B2 (en) 2014-03-13 2020-03-24 Sano Intelligence, Inc. System for monitoring body chemistry

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2297487A (en) * 1938-09-06 1942-09-29 Rudolf L Orange Injector for internal combustion engines
US2433985A (en) * 1942-11-10 1948-01-06 Fodor Nicholas Fuel injector
US2975982A (en) * 1957-12-16 1961-03-21 Borg Warner Fuel injection nozzle
US2986342A (en) * 1959-02-04 1961-05-30 Borg Warner Fuel injection nozzle
US3249308A (en) * 1962-08-02 1966-05-03 Citroen Sa Andre Fuel injector for internal combustion engines
US3347470A (en) * 1965-04-07 1967-10-17 Borg Warner Fuel injection nozzle
US3520480A (en) * 1968-04-24 1970-07-14 Ex Cell O Corp Fuel spray nozzle

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2421329A (en) * 1941-07-08 1947-05-27 Ex Cell O Corp Fuel injection nozzle
JPS369206B1 (sl) * 1959-04-23 1961-06-30
US3156414A (en) * 1962-11-30 1964-11-10 Int Harvester Co Fuel injection nozzle

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2297487A (en) * 1938-09-06 1942-09-29 Rudolf L Orange Injector for internal combustion engines
US2433985A (en) * 1942-11-10 1948-01-06 Fodor Nicholas Fuel injector
US2975982A (en) * 1957-12-16 1961-03-21 Borg Warner Fuel injection nozzle
US2986342A (en) * 1959-02-04 1961-05-30 Borg Warner Fuel injection nozzle
US3249308A (en) * 1962-08-02 1966-05-03 Citroen Sa Andre Fuel injector for internal combustion engines
US3347470A (en) * 1965-04-07 1967-10-17 Borg Warner Fuel injection nozzle
US3520480A (en) * 1968-04-24 1970-07-14 Ex Cell O Corp Fuel spray nozzle

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5878961A (en) * 1996-06-14 1999-03-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Injection valve for injecting fuel directly into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine
EP1783359A1 (en) * 2005-11-02 2007-05-09 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Improved control valve arrangement
US11346313B2 (en) 2020-09-03 2022-05-31 Caterpillar Inc. Fuel flow limiter assembly having integral fuel filter and fuel system using same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA731189B (en) 1973-11-28
GB1417702A (en) 1975-12-17
FR2174993B1 (sl) 1979-02-09
FR2174993A1 (sl) 1973-10-19
AU474906B2 (en) 1976-08-05
AU5255273A (en) 1974-08-29
CA967444A (en) 1975-05-13
JPS5749751B2 (sl) 1982-10-23
IT977956B (it) 1974-09-20
DE2310326A1 (de) 1973-09-13
JPS48103920A (sl) 1973-12-26

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