US3787182A - Process for the dyeing of tow in hydrated condition - Google Patents

Process for the dyeing of tow in hydrated condition Download PDF

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Publication number
US3787182A
US3787182A US00302504A US3787182DA US3787182A US 3787182 A US3787182 A US 3787182A US 00302504 A US00302504 A US 00302504A US 3787182D A US3787182D A US 3787182DA US 3787182 A US3787182 A US 3787182A
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United States
Prior art keywords
dyeing
dyestuff
fibre
tow
solution
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00302504A
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English (en)
Inventor
G Eigenmann
L Kaiser
O Nothiger
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Novartis AG
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Ciba Geigy AG
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
    • D06P3/70—Material containing nitrile groups
    • D06P3/76—Material containing nitrile groups using basic dyes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
    • D06L4/00—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs
    • D06L4/60—Optical bleaching or brightening
    • D06L4/614—Optical bleaching or brightening in aqueous solvents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
    • D06P3/70—Material containing nitrile groups
    • D06P3/702—Material containing nitrile groups dyeing of material in the gel state
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
    • D06P3/70—Material containing nitrile groups
    • D06P3/72—Material containing nitrile groups using dispersed dyestuffs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
    • D06P3/70—Material containing nitrile groups
    • D06P3/74—Material containing nitrile groups using acid dyes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
    • Y10S8/932—Specific manipulative continuous dyeing

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A process for the continual dyeing of fibres produced by a wet spinning process, in particular for the continual dyeing of polyacrylonitril tow in a hydrated condition is disclosed in that the fibre or the fibre strand after fibre formation without previous drying is passend through a dyestuff solution or suspension which is flowing in counter current. Said process is very economical and provides without the use of any electronic controls the continual dyeing of said fibres with almost 100 percent exhaustion.
  • Polyacrylonitrile fibres are produced by the so-called dry spinning process in which the fibre is produced from polymers dissolved in organic solvents by evaporating the solvent, or they are obtained by the so-called wet spinning process in which the fibre is precipitated in aqueous solution with the addition of electrolytes.
  • wet spinning processes directly following the actual fibre-forming process (spinning process), the fibre is first subjected to several washings and then to a stretching process in order to orientate the macromolecules before it is dried. In this swollen condition, the fibre is to a very high degree capable of ab sorbing the dyestuff, e.g. in an aqueous bath. In this state the dyeing can thus be performed under substantially milder conditions than are necessary for dyeing the same fibre after the spinning process when the fibre has been dried.
  • dyeing of tow in a hydrated condition saves energy and time; in addition a drying process can be eliminated.
  • Processes for the dyeing of fibres in a gel-like condition consist essentially of bringing the fibres in contact with the dyestuff solution either on a padding mangle or in a simple dyebath and then washing hot. Since in a continuous process, dyestuff is continually being removed from the dyebath, in the known processes specific measures must be taken to guarantee a constant concentration of dyestuff in the dyebath in order to obtain a specific shade. Such operations as, eg measuring the concentration of the dyestuff and regulating the additional amounts of concentrated dyestuff required, e.g. by means of an electronic regulating arrangement are unavoidable.
  • fibres produced by wet spinning processes in particular polyacrylonitrile tow
  • This counter current principle is, for example, known in so-called cascade washers in the production of fibres.
  • the process can, for example, be performed in an apparatus which is characterized by a series of communieating containers; a means for conveying the fibre strands through these containers; a means for feeding the dyestuff solution, which means opens into the last container relative to the direction of conveyance; the containers being equipped with baffle plates which direct the flow of the dyestuff solution in the direction opposite to the path of conveyance.
  • FIG. 1 shows (in a diagramatic representation in sec tion) an example of an embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention for the performance of the counter current dyeing
  • FIG. 2 shows a section along the line I! II of FIG. 1.
  • the dyeing aggregate shown consists essentially of a series of containers S S S,,, a conveying device 6H for fibre strands F leading through these containers, a mixer L for the preparation of the dyestuff solution. and a proportioning pump K.
  • the outlet of the mixer is connected via the proportioning pump with the last container S, relative to the direction of conveyance.
  • the containers S,,, S,, ...S communicate with each other via overflow channels D.
  • Baffle plates C which force the dyestuff solution to flow in the direction opposite to the path of conveyance are mounted in the containers.
  • the first container is provided with an outlet E which is preferably a type of overflow.
  • M designates a double jacketed heating means controlled by a thermostat for the series of containers.
  • This dyeing aggregate functions as follows.
  • the supply of mixed dyestuff solution in mixing tank L is passed after optional dilution via the proportioning pump K to point A of the last container of the dyeing aggregate.
  • the solution is forced by the baffle C in counter current direction to flow downward past point B and then at point D of the last container into the next to last container.
  • the liquor then passes through all of the containers in the same manner and finally leaves the first container at point E.
  • the fibre material which has received the usual treatment after the spinning process, comes from point F over the guiding rollers G and H and is dipped into the first container.
  • the time spent in this container is determined on the one hand by the speed of the conveyance of the fibre and on the other hand by the dimensions of the individual containers. It should be in the order of from about 0.1 to 30 seconds.
  • the fibre is thus brought into contact with the last concentrated dyestuff solution, absorbs a certain amount of dyestuff, then moves on to the next container where the dyestuff concentration is higher. In this manner at the end of the nth container, the fibre comes in contact with fresh dyestuff solution so that after an equilibrium has been attained, the depth of shade of the material leaving at point I is constant.
  • the guiding roller G and H should be constructed in such a manner that the tow is spread out as widely as possible when passing through the individual containers in order to obtain an optimal penetration of the dyestuff solution in the tow.
  • the depth of shade is controlled on the one hand by varying the concentration of the dyestuff solution in mixing tank L and on the other hand by varying the amount of solution dosed by proportioning pump K.
  • concentration of the dyestuff solution in mixing tank L With a constant concentration in tank L and a constant dosing, there is an equilibrium of the concentration in the individual containers, which decrease from container (n) to container (n-l l).
  • the optimal adjustment is reached when the concentration of the dyestuff solution leaving at point E is zero or at least almost zero, since in this manner an almost complete utilization of the dyestuff is attained.
  • the time required until equilibrium is reached depends on the size of the individual containers, the smaller the volume of the containers, the less time is needed.
  • the dyebaths usual in practice may be used in the process according to the invention. It is convenient to prepare them by dissolving or dispersing the dyestuff in water and adjusting the pH of the dyebath obtained with an acid and/or a buffer salt to the desired value.
  • Disperse dyestuffs as well as anionic and in particular cationic dyestuffs may be used according to the invention.
  • Dyestuffs of any class may be used.
  • Disperse dyestuffs which may be used according to the invention are preferably azo dyestuffs, as well as anthraquinone, nitro, methine, styryl or azostyryl dyestuffs.
  • Suitable as anionic dyestuffs in the process according to the invention are any class of the so-called acid wool dyestuffs as well as of substantive dyestuffs in which the coloring constituent is in the anion such as the alkali or ammonium salts of dyestuff sulphonic or carboxylic acids, i.e. metal-free or metallized sulphonated monoazo or disazo dyestuffs, in which are also included the formazane dyestuffs, their chromium, cobalt, nickel and copper complexes, as well as sulphonated anthraquinone, nitro and phthalocyanine dyestuffs.
  • the coloring constituent is in the anion such as the alkali or ammonium salts of dyestuff sulphonic or carboxylic acids, i.e. metal-free or metallized sulphonated monoazo or disazo dyestuffs, in which are also included the formazane dyestuffs, their chromium
  • Cationic dyestuffs which may be used according to the invention are advantageously the technically easily obtainable salts and metal halides, for example the zinc chloride double salts, of known basic dyestuffs.
  • dyestuffs containingv onium groups such as thiazines, oxazines, diphenyl methanes, triphenyl methanes, rhodamines, azo and anthraquinone dyestuffs, preferably monoazo, methine, azomethine and anthraquinone dyestuffs, the onium groups being preferably ammonium groups.
  • the dyeing aggregate is continually charged at G with polyacrylonitrile tow which has been produced from a solution of polyacrylonitrile in sodium thiocyanate by the wet spinning process, and has been stretched, as is usual in industry, at then washed but not dried.
  • the water content of the tow is reduced by squeezing out the excess to about percent of the dry weight.
  • the amount of tow entering the dyeing aggregate at G can be seen in Table II.
  • An aqueous solution is a dyestuff, the composition of which is given in Table ll, is mixed in feed tank L, and then mixed in a constant proportion with the proportioning pump K in a T-shaped mixing element together with a constant proportion of water, and introduced at A to element S care being taken that the dyestuff solution is spread over the complete width of the apparatus.
  • the tow which enters the elements S to S at G in a colorless state is successively dyed in the individual elements and is completely dyed as it leaves the aggregate at l.
  • the dyestuff solution which has remained on the tow is removed by two squeezing rollers and discarded.
  • the dyed tow is then rinsed for a short time in hot water and then dried.
  • the concentration of the dyestuff solution slowly decreases from element S to S so that the dyestuff solution leaving the aggregate at E is colorless or almost colorless.
  • Tahle ll gives the components used in Dosage, water Examples 1 to 9, the amounts thereof and the dyeing conditions used. At the end of each Example, the shade of the polyacrylonitrile fibre dyed according to the invention is given.
  • Dyestuff calculated on the weight of the dry fibre Examples 4 5 6 Dyestuff ll ll [.5 g/l lll 4.3 g/l I 3.8 g/l IV 0.l2 g/l lll 6.l g/l Concentration of stock solution g/l Acetic acid, cone. 3 g/l 2 gl] 6 g/l Sodium acetate, cone.
  • Dispersable anionic and, in particular, cationic optical brighteners are suitable for use in the process according to the invention. Various classes of these brighteners may be used. Especially brilliant optical brightening effexts are obtained with anionic compounds derived from the stilbene class and with cationic compounds derived from the courmarin class.
  • a dye solution or suspension of constant. concentration is introduced at constant rate at the place where the fiber leaves the dyestuff solution or suspension and the relative velocity of the fiber to the dyestuff solution or suspension is so adjusted that at that point where the fiber enters the dyestuff solution or suspension, the dyebath has a concentration of zero, or substantially zero, and the dyeing is performed at a constant temperature in the range between 20 and C.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coloring (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
US00302504A 1969-12-23 1972-10-31 Process for the dyeing of tow in hydrated condition Expired - Lifetime US3787182A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1917369A CH522047A (de) 1969-12-23 1969-12-23 Verfahren zur Färbung von im Nass-Spinnverfahren hergestellten Fasern

Publications (1)

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US3787182A true US3787182A (en) 1974-01-22

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US00302504A Expired - Lifetime US3787182A (en) 1969-12-23 1972-10-31 Process for the dyeing of tow in hydrated condition

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3787182A (es)
JP (1) JPS5010431B1 (es)
CH (1) CH522047A (es)
DE (1) DE2063179B2 (es)
ES (1) ES386713A1 (es)
FR (1) FR2072020B1 (es)
GB (1) GB1335997A (es)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3979176A (en) * 1974-02-06 1976-09-07 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Process for the continuous level processing of poly-acrylonitrile in the hydrated condition
US4445904A (en) * 1981-10-16 1984-05-01 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for continuously dyeing in the gel state fiber material of acrylonitrile polymers spun from organic solvents with carbinol- or anhydro base of basic dye
US4563191A (en) * 1980-07-16 1986-01-07 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for dyeing, in the gel state, fiber material composed of wet spun acrylonitrile polymers using dyes with two basic groups
US4591361A (en) * 1982-12-31 1986-05-27 Snia Fibre S.P.A. Method of producing acrylonitrile-base in-line dyed fibers using rapidly alternating dye solution cross flow
WO2005049908A3 (en) * 2003-10-21 2005-12-08 Arvind Mills Ltd A method and apparatus for dyeing fibers

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH073350U (ja) * 1993-06-18 1995-01-20 アップリカ▲葛▼西株式会社 乳幼児保持具

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2558735A (en) * 1950-08-30 1951-07-03 American Cyanamid Co Method of forming dyed shaped articles from acrylonitrile polymerization products
US2949337A (en) * 1957-06-24 1960-08-16 Dow Chemical Co Washing tow bundles of synthetic fibers
US3241343A (en) * 1962-08-28 1966-03-22 Yazawa Masahide Apparatus for continuous high speed and uniform processing of fiber material
US3315501A (en) * 1963-09-19 1967-04-25 Cilander Ag Apparatus for the continuous wet treatment of textiles and the like
US3353381A (en) * 1965-11-26 1967-11-21 Monsanto Co High velocity tow washing cascade

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US25831A (en) * 1859-10-18 Improvement in oil-cans
IT649770A (es) * 1960-04-25
US3124631A (en) * 1961-03-22 1964-03-10 Process for providing high density dry spun
USRE25831E (en) * 1962-12-20 1965-08-03 Method for dyeing acrylonitrile polymer fibers
FR1380701A (fr) * 1963-10-03 1964-12-04 Dow Chemical Co Procédé de teinture de fibres de polymères d'acrylonitrile
US3483576A (en) * 1964-03-27 1969-12-16 American Cyanamid Co Process for continuously preparing dyed filaments of acrylonitrile polymers

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2558735A (en) * 1950-08-30 1951-07-03 American Cyanamid Co Method of forming dyed shaped articles from acrylonitrile polymerization products
US2949337A (en) * 1957-06-24 1960-08-16 Dow Chemical Co Washing tow bundles of synthetic fibers
US3241343A (en) * 1962-08-28 1966-03-22 Yazawa Masahide Apparatus for continuous high speed and uniform processing of fiber material
US3315501A (en) * 1963-09-19 1967-04-25 Cilander Ag Apparatus for the continuous wet treatment of textiles and the like
US3353381A (en) * 1965-11-26 1967-11-21 Monsanto Co High velocity tow washing cascade

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3979176A (en) * 1974-02-06 1976-09-07 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Process for the continuous level processing of poly-acrylonitrile in the hydrated condition
US4563191A (en) * 1980-07-16 1986-01-07 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for dyeing, in the gel state, fiber material composed of wet spun acrylonitrile polymers using dyes with two basic groups
US4445904A (en) * 1981-10-16 1984-05-01 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for continuously dyeing in the gel state fiber material of acrylonitrile polymers spun from organic solvents with carbinol- or anhydro base of basic dye
US4591361A (en) * 1982-12-31 1986-05-27 Snia Fibre S.P.A. Method of producing acrylonitrile-base in-line dyed fibers using rapidly alternating dye solution cross flow
WO2005049908A3 (en) * 2003-10-21 2005-12-08 Arvind Mills Ltd A method and apparatus for dyeing fibers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2072020A1 (es) 1971-09-24
DE2063179A1 (de) 1971-07-15
CH522047A (de) 1972-04-30
FR2072020B1 (es) 1973-12-28
GB1335997A (en) 1973-10-31
DE2063179B2 (de) 1976-03-18
ES386713A1 (es) 1973-04-01
JPS5010431B1 (es) 1975-04-21

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