US3785620A - Mixing apparatus and method - Google Patents

Mixing apparatus and method Download PDF

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Publication number
US3785620A
US3785620A US00149230A US3785620DA US3785620A US 3785620 A US3785620 A US 3785620A US 00149230 A US00149230 A US 00149230A US 3785620D A US3785620D A US 3785620DA US 3785620 A US3785620 A US 3785620A
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United States
Prior art keywords
media
corrugations
lamellas
flow
mixing apparatus
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00149230A
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English (en)
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M Huber
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Sulzer AG
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Sulzer AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/30—Loose or shaped packing elements, e.g. Raschig rings or Berl saddles, for pouring into the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J19/305—Supporting elements therefor, e.g. grids, perforated plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/432—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction with means for dividing the material flow into separate sub-flows and for repositioning and recombining these sub-flows; Cross-mixing, e.g. conducting the outer layer of the material nearer to the axis of the tube or vice-versa
    • B01F25/4322—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction with means for dividing the material flow into separate sub-flows and for repositioning and recombining these sub-flows; Cross-mixing, e.g. conducting the outer layer of the material nearer to the axis of the tube or vice-versa essentially composed of stacks of sheets, e.g. corrugated sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J15/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with non-particulate solids, e.g. sheet material; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • B01J15/005—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with non-particulate solids, e.g. sheet material; Apparatus specially adapted therefor in the presence of catalytically active bodies, e.g. porous plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J16/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting liquids with non- particulate solids, e.g. sheet material; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • B01J16/005—Chemical processes in general for reacting liquids with non- particulate solids, e.g. sheet material; Apparatus specially adapted therefor in the presence of catalytically active bodies, e.g. porous plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/32—Packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit or module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/32203—Sheets
    • B01J2219/32206—Flat sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/32203—Sheets
    • B01J2219/3221—Corrugated sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/32203—Sheets
    • B01J2219/32213—Plurality of essentially parallel sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/32203—Sheets
    • B01J2219/32237—Sheets comprising apertures or perforations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/32203—Sheets
    • B01J2219/32255—Other details of the sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/32203—Sheets
    • B01J2219/32265—Sheets characterised by the orientation of blocks of sheets
    • B01J2219/32268—Sheets characterised by the orientation of blocks of sheets relating to blocks in the same horizontal level
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/32279—Tubes or cylinders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/324—Composition or microstructure of the elements
    • B01J2219/32408—Metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/72—Packing elements

Definitions

  • the invention provides a mixing apparatus and method for media which are directed to flow in a uniflow relation.
  • the apparatus utilizes packing elements in the path of flow which serves to mix the various media together both by longitudinal and transverse mixing.
  • Each packing element includes a plurality of lamellas in contact with each other, each of which has corrugations thereon with the corrugations of sequentially arranged lamellas being oriented in different directions.
  • the corrugations of at least one of two sequentially arranged lamellas relative to the direction of media flow are disposed at an angle to the axis of the apparatus.
  • the adjacent packing elements abut and are angularly offset to each other about the axis of theapparatus to enhance mixing.
  • the method effects the directing of two mixable media in a single flow direction through the above packing elements so as to achieve a longitudinally and transverse mixing of the part-flows of the media within the elements. This allows the media or mass to be uniformly mixed together or homogenized in a relatively short length.
  • the basis of the invention is the surprising recognition that the information of packing elements that are of themselves known for counterflow substanceinterchange columns, for example, rectification columns, into a mixing apparatus makes it possible to obtain excellent mixing together of fluid media passing through in uniflow.
  • These media include two or more liquids or gases, or a number of gas mixtures, or a liquid with a gas. Also, very viscous media and particles of solid substances that are capable of flowing can be mixed.
  • the invention is particularly advantageous for mixing apparatus of relatively large diameter, e.g. more than 50 millimeters (mm) such as tubes or vessels, because, even in such contrivances, any lack of uniformity can be quickly corrected by the good transverse mixing achieved by the packing elements.
  • perforations are provided at spaced apart positions in the lamellas in order to further improve the mixing effect since part-quantities of the fluid mediums are able to flow through a lamella from one side to the other.
  • the mixing apparatus according to the invention can be used to carry out various processes such as:
  • the neutralization of an acid for example, a waste acid from pickling baths, by the aid of a lye.
  • the lamella could, for example, consist of synthetic material.
  • Oxygen and ammonia for producing nitric acid.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a mixing apparatus with two superposed packing elements offset relative to one another
  • FIGS. la and lb schematically illustrate views taken along lines la-la and lb-lb of FIG. 1 to show the orientation of the lamellas in vertically adjacent packing elements;
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of the individual lamellas of a packing element
  • FIG. 3a illustrates a lengthwise cross-sectional view of a packing element including a number of equally sized packing elements in contact with each other;
  • FIG. 3b illustrates a cross-sectional view of the packing element of FIG. 3a.
  • FIG. 30 illustrates a perspective view of the packing element of FIGS. 30 and 3b.
  • the mixing apparatus has a cylindrical circular tube 1 for defining a passageway along a longitudinal axis.
  • the tube 1 can be of any suitable cross-section, for example, square.
  • the tube 1 may be set either vertically or horizontally.
  • the tube 1 has a lower flange 2 for connecting to a pipe supplying a fluid medium a and an upper flange 3 for connecting to an outflow pipe for the mixture, or for the chemical compound c, whereby c is formed of the components a and a fluid medium b introduced into the mixing apparatus through a tube 4.
  • two packing elements 5a, 5b are superposed in the tube 1 and are offset 90 relative to one another (see FIGS. 1a and lb).
  • each packing element has corrugated lamellas 6 which adjoin one another to form the element.
  • the element can then be pushed into the tube 1 of the mixing apparatus.
  • different sizes of individual lamellas are used which increase from the two outsides toward the middle so that a cylindrical shape results.
  • the lamellas of which only four are shown accurately and the remainder schematically, are made of sheet metal, and are perforated at spaced apart positions to produce an improved mixing together of the fluid mediums in the packing element.
  • the corrugations of each lamella are of substantially equal slope and the corrugations of adjacent lamellas are directed so that they intersect.
  • the dots of FIG. 1 show schematically the distribution of the medium b in the medium a within the mixing apparatus.
  • the mixing apparatus is of very large diameter, it may be advantageous to make each packing element of a number of parts.
  • the packing elements 5a, 5b are adapted to the inner cross-section of the tube 1 of the mixing apparatus. Because each two adjacent packing elements 5a, 5b are offset relative to one another, preferably at an angle of 90, excellent distribution is produced and thereby excellent mixing together of the two fluid mediums passing in uniflow (i.e. concurrent) through the apparatus. If, in the case of certain mixing processes, there simultaneously occurs a chemical reaction, then because of the lateral mixing, any maldistribution or irregular course of reaction that might occur is compensated for.
  • a packing element as described above can include a number of equally sized part packing elements in contact with each other as shown.
  • the construction of each part packing element is similar to that described above.
  • the invention thus provides an apparatus in which two or more flowable media can be suitably mixed in longitudinal and transverse directions by directing the media part-flows in a plurality of criss-crossing zig-zag paths through the length of the packing elements.
  • the mixing action obtained is such that a homogenous mixture is easily and rapidly obtained over a relatively short tube length.
  • the apparatus of the invention permits a considerable improvement in the heat transfer from the flowable media during reaction through the outer walls of the apparatus.
  • a mixing apparatus comprising a first means for defining a passageway along a longitudinal axis thereof for the flow of at least two mixable media therethrough in concurrent flow relation;
  • each said packing element including a plurality of lamellas in contact with each other and in parallel relation to said longitudinal axis, each lamella having corrugations thereon with the corrugations of sequentially arranged lamellas being oriented in different directions and with the corrugations of at least one of two sequentially arranged lamellas relative to the direction of media flow being disposed at an angle to said longitudinal axis of said means, and each said packing element being angularly offset to an adjacent packing element about said longitudinal axis of said means at an angle not more than 90; and
  • each packing element includes a number of equallysized part-packing elements in contact with each other.
  • each said lamella is unperforated.
  • each said lamella is made of a metal weave.
  • each lamella has a plurality of spaced perforations therein for the passage of a flowable medium therethrough from one side to the opposite side.
  • a method of mixing at least two mixable media which comprises the steps of directing two mixable media in a concurrent flow direction through a common passageway, and passing the media into and through at least two packing elements within said passageway wherein each packing element includes a plurality of lamellas in contact with each other and in parallel relation to said flow direction, each lamella having corrugations thereon with the corrugations of sequentially arranged lamellas being oriented in different directions and with the corrugations of at least one of two sequentially arranged lamellas relative to the direction of media flow being disposed at an angle to the axis of flow, and each said packing element being angularly offset to an adjacent packing element about said axis of flow, the media being mixed within the packing elements.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
US00149230A 1971-04-29 1971-06-02 Mixing apparatus and method Expired - Lifetime US3785620A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH630371 1971-04-29
CH98272 1972-01-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3785620A true US3785620A (en) 1974-01-15

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US00149230A Expired - Lifetime US3785620A (en) 1971-04-29 1971-06-02 Mixing apparatus and method
US254645A Expired - Lifetime US3871624A (en) 1971-04-29 1972-05-18 Mixing apparatus and method

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US254645A Expired - Lifetime US3871624A (en) 1971-04-29 1972-05-18 Mixing apparatus and method

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US (2) US3785620A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU450762B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (2) CA975355A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (2) CH537208A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CS (1) CS167981B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2205371C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2134377B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1373142A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT959596B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7205821A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
PL (1) PL87268B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (83)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US4186159A (en) * 1977-05-12 1980-01-29 Sulzer Brothers Limited Packing element of foil-like material for an exchange column
US4207202A (en) * 1978-06-05 1980-06-10 Cole Howard W Jr Apparatus for making small bubble foam
US4225540A (en) * 1979-04-10 1980-09-30 Carl Munters-Euroform Packing for heat and material exchange, particularly for cooling towers
US4296050A (en) * 1977-05-12 1981-10-20 Sulzer Brothers Ltd. Packing element for an exchange column
US4296204A (en) * 1978-01-25 1981-10-20 Merck & Co., Inc. Use of motionless mixer as cell culture propagator
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US4333894A (en) * 1980-01-10 1982-06-08 Veb Chemieanlagenbaukombinat Leipzig-Grimma Mass-transfer column
US4415670A (en) * 1980-07-07 1983-11-15 Merck & Co., Inc. Motionless mixer as cell culture propagator
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CA975355A (en) 1975-09-30
PL87268B1 (en) 1976-06-30
CA987300A (en) 1976-04-13
DE2205371C3 (de) 1979-12-06
AU4166972A (en) 1973-11-01
CH537208A (de) 1973-07-13
IT959596B (it) 1973-11-10
FR2134377A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-12-08
FR2134377B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-08-06
US3871624A (en) 1975-03-18
AU450762B2 (en) 1974-07-18
DE2205371B2 (de) 1979-04-12
GB1373142A (en) 1974-11-06
CH547120A (de) 1974-03-29
DE2205371A1 (de) 1972-11-16
NL7205821A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-10-31
CS167981B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-05-28

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