US3777407A - Conveying- and drying-apparatus for ceramic members - Google Patents

Conveying- and drying-apparatus for ceramic members Download PDF

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Publication number
US3777407A
US3777407A US00229292A US3777407DA US3777407A US 3777407 A US3777407 A US 3777407A US 00229292 A US00229292 A US 00229292A US 3777407D A US3777407D A US 3777407DA US 3777407 A US3777407 A US 3777407A
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United States
Prior art keywords
drying
paths
members
cable paths
disposed
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00229292A
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English (en)
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M Leisenberg
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from DE2109071A external-priority patent/DE2109071C3/de
Priority claimed from DE19712120540 external-priority patent/DE2120540B2/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/006—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects the gas supply or exhaust being effected through hollow spaces or cores in the materials or objects, e.g. tubes, pipes, bottles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B15/00—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form
    • F26B15/10—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions
    • F26B15/12—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F26B15/18—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined the objects or batches of materials being carried by endless belts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/004—Nozzle assemblies; Air knives; Air distributors; Blow boxes
    • F26B21/50—

Definitions

  • the cable-paths serve as a conveying-device from a press to a drying oven and to a pile station.
  • a plurality of blowers is disposed in the drying oven for blowing in different directions.
  • the blowers comprise nozzle blowers and are disposed alternately at least at both sides of the paths at a distance in moving direction, and the distance corresponds with at least the double distance of the successive starting members.
  • the present invention relates to a conveyingand dryingdevice for ceramic members or forms which are transferred after extrusion into a drying oven, in which are provided as conveying-device from the press to the drying oven and to the pile location, a plurality of units slightly laterally set off and disposed one behind the other, each of the units consisting of two or more parallel cable paths guided over endlessly guided rollers, on
  • the starting member can be applied due to the small engaging faces well from all sides with dry air.
  • the units disposed one behind the other are suitably set off laterally relative to each other for the width of the guide pulleys laterally.
  • the drying of ceramic starting members requires first of all in the coarse ceramic, where large numbers of pieces of equal format must be dried quickly and rationally, a high proportion of the cost in the drying process depends, on the one hand, on the working material, on the other hand, on the form of the starting members, for instance, fullstones, grid stones, roof slates, plates and the like.
  • Working material and form determine at first the dry speed. This can be improved by free storing of the starting members on continuously moved cable paths and all around application of flowing air during the run through of the drying oven.
  • the limit given by the possible water removal time limit can be reduced by a rhythmical blowing on of dry air, since then in the path given by the rhythm the water present inside of the starting members has sufficient time to move to the previously dried surface where it evaporates during the next air push. Since in this manner a too sharp drying of the surface of the starting members is avoided, deformations do not occur.
  • the problem on which the present invention is based is solved such, that as drying devices nozzle blowers are provided which are arranged alternately on both sides and- /or above and below the path of the members at a distance in moving direction, the distance corresponding at least to the double distance of successive members.
  • the nozzle blowers operate the drying air suitably rhythmically and for a short time period with high speed through the spaces between adjacent members. Since the nozzles are provided in a double spacing of the successive members, by example in case grit stones a strong force is produced which sucks up the adjacent nozzle free space air in the openings between the members and thus drives very much thereby the inner drying of the members, which is not possible by direct blowing on to the end faces of the members, since here the obtainable penetration depth of the dry air remains very low.
  • the dry period takes place to about 10 percent of the time required until now can be reduced. Even fullstones can be completely oven-dried in a maximum of 6 to 7 hours.
  • An appreciable space saving and improvement of the economy of the apparatus can be made possible in accordance with the present invention such, that the starting members arriving from the press in uniform rhythm in a straight path reach a grouping device, to which are provided a plurality of parallel drying bands running with controllable speed with nozzles, which are disposed at least above and below their path for the drying air and that by a rhythmically operating gripping device, which are transformed to the drying band from the grouping device taken from groups of starting members.
  • the nozzle for the drying air can be arranged about the drying band also in a different arrangement, in particular in a spiral shape.
  • the grouping device comprises suitably likewise cordor belt-paths the stop drive of which is controlled by a photo cell, whereby the variation of the group division is brought about by rotation of the light gate consisting of a photo cell and a light beam.
  • the gripping device takes off then one group after another and sets the latter onto the drying bands running in the same direction parallel to the grouping band, in particular such, that a drying band is alternately running closer or more remote to the grouping band.
  • the running periods of the gripping device are equalized for always two paths for practical purposes.
  • the appreciable simplification of the arrangement of the nozzle for the drying air is obtained, since now merely above and below of drying air channels must be provided above and below the drying bands, which drying air channels are equipped at the distance desired corresponding with the optimum blowing and pause time period and in the required number of the shifting nozzles. The nozzles must then be upon variation of the operational conditions merely set off or increased.
  • gripping device can be used additionally for the setting work for the tunnel oven carriage, so that a further simplification, acceleration and automatization of the operation is made possible.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic showing of an apparatus with a plurality of cable paths
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic showing of the flowing arrangement of nozzle air and foreign air sucked on between adjacent nozzle-free starting members;
  • FIG. 3 is a principal showing of nozzles and starting members of the drying path
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic side elevation of a device in accordance with the present invention with an extrusion press, transportation band and following grouping device;
  • FIG. 5 is top plan view of the arrangement shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the light gate of the grouping device
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing of the drying band following the grouping device.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic showing of drying air nozzles as shown by example.
  • the individual starting members, or forms 91 come in conventional manner from the press 200 and pile put on a plurality, for example, three parallel cable paths 400, 500 and 600 at 300, the number and distance E and E of which depend upon the characteristic in length of the members. In any case, each member must be supported sufficiently often and must be mounted on the cables such, that it cannot fall down.
  • the parallel cable parts or paths 400, 500 and 600 are endless and are formed in such length that the cable hanging between the guide pulleys and does not become too large.
  • supporting positions are indicated at to 140. Between adjacent supporting positions, for example 70 and 80, a unit consisting of three parallel cable paths 40, 50 and 60 is arranged.
  • the supporting places 90 are disposed in the drying oven 160.
  • the drive of the cable path takes place over the first unit 150, the guide pulleys 70 of which sit on a shaft 170, which are driven by a driving motor 180, dis which driving motor permits a setting of different cable speeds.
  • the following units 150", etc. are driven such that the guide roller 80 of the first unit 150 is formed with the adjacently disposed guide pulley 70', the second unit 150 is formed as a double pulley.
  • the following units 150" etc. are coupled together correspondingly.
  • the members 91 travel continuously on the cable parts from the press 200 through the drying oven up to the pilot location 190.
  • the speed of the cable paths 40, 50 and 60 is adjusted to the press speed, so that a sufficiently large but also possibly low distance between the successive members is obtained, which reach without waiting time, transfer, etc., now directly through the drying oven 160 upto a pile station.
  • a plurality of cable paths of the shown type can be provided adjacent each other or on top of each other, each of which preferably is fed from a particular press.
  • the drying oven indicated at 160 in the example is designed as a counter running tunnel oven for improvement of economy such, that each of the passing members 91 is dried under the same conditions as the previous members.
  • the drying itself is brought about by ventilators known per se, 201, 210 and 220, which vary continuously in the direction of the drying air and thereby cause a particularly intensive turbulence and homogenization of the dry air in the entire oven range. This is favored by suitable setting of the ventilators such, that the main blowing device of the ventilators is basically different. By this arrangement, a drying of a best uniform degree and least possible drying time are obtained.
  • the height of the temperature of the drying air as well as its quantity is dependent upon the type and characteristic of the members. Thus, the total energy expenditure of the apparatus will be shifted more towards the press from the drying oven in case of hot press members.
  • the tunnel oven is particularly suitable since here the drive could be transported directly from the press up to the pile plate.
  • the advantages remain, however, also in chamber ovens, ring ovens and ZZ-ovens, since here also the members can be brought in without turning and with avoidance of lattice frames, as well as their disadvantages from the press location directly into the drying oven.
  • a transportation unit 34 is arranged, which consists of three cable paths 31, 32 and 33, on which the members to be dried, in the example gridstones 35, 36 and 37, are located, which preferably are moved at a speed of mm per second.
  • the members are mounted at a relative distance corresponding with the injection time of the press which is uniform on the cable path.
  • above and below nozzle dryers 317 are provided, which rhythmically and for a short time period blow a sharp air flow 38 crosswise to the end face of the adjacent members 35 and 36. Blowing time and pass time depend upon the required drying conditions.
  • FIG. 3 an arrangement is indicated in which, on the one hand, a plurality of nozzle dryers 317 disposed at the mentioned distance from each other, and, on the otherhand, at a distance the same number 317 on the other hand, of the transportation unit 34, are provided.
  • the distance of successive nozzle dryers must, not correspond thereby at least in double distance of successive members.
  • the members to be dried are only indicated as 35-37.
  • an extruder press 1 with extending extruder 2 is shown, from which a means of a cutter 3 the individual forms are separated and are brought to a transportation band 5.
  • This transportation band 5 comprises, by example, three parallel belt drives 5, 5" and 5", which are moved by a driving shaft 6.
  • a grouping device 7 which has the purpose to combine a greater number of members or forms with slight relative distance to a group, which is easily lifted by means of a gripper 13 and can be transported.
  • the grouping device 7 consists of a further transportation band likewise moved over the roller 6 over a stop drive with belt paths 8, and 8", if necessary also 8", 8"", relative to the available band 5, thus, the reduction of the relative spacing of form members forming one group 9 can be set continuously by means of a light gate consisting of a light source 10 and a photocell 11. This can be brought about such that the photocell and the light source are provided at opposite ends of a rotatable new frame (not shown) and the desired inclination angle, that means, the oblique position of the light gate 10 consisting of photocell and light source relative to the moving direction of the transportation band 8 is adjustable along a guide 12.
  • drive 11b for the grouping band 8 controlled by an electric control means 11a connected to the photocell 1 l, is stopped for a shorter or longer time period and thereby, the relative distance of the members or forms is reduced on this band to the measure desired for the group formation 9.
  • the provided group 9 of members or forms is measured such, that it can be gripped without difficulty and damage through a gripper l3 and can be lifted and transformed to one of the drying bands 14.
  • drying bands 14 are parallel to the grouping band 8 in their required number and parallel towards each other, as well as to its length and speed are, arranged such that the drying process of the members or forms is terminated upon reaching end of the band.
  • the drying is brought about by drying air, which is blown over a greater number of nozzles 15 onto the forms.
  • These nozzles 15 can be provided according to requirements about the drying band by example screw-like.
  • a drying air channel 18 and 19 each can be provided, which is equipped at a distance and a number of desired optimum blowing and pause time periods.
  • the operating rhythm of the gripper 13 is preferably provided such that during arrangement of the drying bands 14 a longer path stroke follows a shorter path stroke, so that the travelling times for two paths can be practically equalized.
  • the gripping device 13 can additionally be used for the setting work for the tunnel oven carriage 20, as indicated in FIG. 7, at the height of the left end of the drying bands 14, so that the finished dried forms are lifted in a straight path from the gripping device and set on the tunnel oven carriage.
  • each of said units including at least two parallel cable paths endlessly guided over guide pulleys, said cable paths serving as a conveying-device for said starting members from a press to said drying oven and to a pile station, said starting members being disposed on said cable paths in successive uniform spacing and with said openings aligned in the direction of movement of said cable paths,
  • blowers disposed in said drying oven for blowing at least in a direction cross-wise to the direction of movement of said cable paths
  • blowers comprising nozzle blowers and disposed alternately at least at both sides of said paths at a distance in moving direction
  • said cable paths are disposed behind said press and are equippedwith a grouping device, and following of said cable paths having nozzles for dry air at least above and below said cable paths, and
  • a cyclically operating gripping device for transferring groups of said starting members taken from said grouping device to additional cable paths.
  • the apparatus as set forth in claim 3, which includes drying bands, and wherein said nozzles for the dry air are disposed screw-like about said drying bands.
  • said grouping device comprises belt paths receiving said starting members and having a stop drive, and a photo cell means for controlling said stop drive.
  • the apparatus as set forth in claim 5, which includes a light gate including said photo cell means and a light ray source disposed in the path of said starting members and capable of being rotated relative to the path of said starting members, so that upon rotation of said light gate a variation of the group division is obtained. 7.
  • the apparatus as set forth in claim 3, which includes dry air channels disposed above and below along said drying bands, and said drying air channels have a plurality of ejection nozzles at a distance and at a number corresponding with the optimum blowingand pause-timeperiod.
  • said gripping device for transferring said groups from one of said cable paths uniformly to three of said additional cable paths.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
US00229292A 1971-02-25 1972-02-25 Conveying- and drying-apparatus for ceramic members Expired - Lifetime US3777407A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2109071A DE2109071C3 (de) 1971-02-25 1971-02-25 Förder- und Trocknungseinrichtung für keramische Formlinge
DE19712120540 DE2120540B2 (de) 1971-04-27 1971-04-27 Foerder- und trocknungseinrichtung fuer keramische formlinge

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3777407A true US3777407A (en) 1973-12-11

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US00229292A Expired - Lifetime US3777407A (en) 1971-02-25 1972-02-25 Conveying- and drying-apparatus for ceramic members

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US (1) US3777407A (OSRAM)
DD (1) DD95446A5 (OSRAM)
ES (1) ES400606A1 (OSRAM)
FR (1) FR2127571A5 (OSRAM)
GB (1) GB1384275A (OSRAM)
IT (1) IT943387B (OSRAM)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5388346A (en) * 1991-09-18 1995-02-14 Rotajet Limited Method and apparatus for drying ceramic ware by use of air jets
AU683162B2 (en) * 1994-04-11 1997-10-30 Keller Gmbh Method and device for drying perforated bricks and similar articles
US20090000141A1 (en) * 2007-06-29 2009-01-01 Andis Company Hair dryer with light source

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2652410A1 (fr) * 1989-09-27 1991-03-29 Lheritier Robert Procede de sechage de produits plats en pate ceramique et systeme de sechoir le mettant en óoeuvre.
DE19523439A1 (de) * 1995-06-30 1997-01-09 Keller Gmbh Verfahren zum Trocknen von Lochziegeln und Tunneltrockner zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2313040A (en) * 1941-02-26 1943-03-09 Rice & Adams Corp Drying of hollow containers
US2612706A (en) * 1949-12-13 1952-10-07 Pacific Clay Products Continuous manufacture of extruded clay composition bodies
US3603002A (en) * 1969-07-08 1971-09-07 Spier Electronics Inc Drying apparatus

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2313040A (en) * 1941-02-26 1943-03-09 Rice & Adams Corp Drying of hollow containers
US2612706A (en) * 1949-12-13 1952-10-07 Pacific Clay Products Continuous manufacture of extruded clay composition bodies
US3603002A (en) * 1969-07-08 1971-09-07 Spier Electronics Inc Drying apparatus

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5388346A (en) * 1991-09-18 1995-02-14 Rotajet Limited Method and apparatus for drying ceramic ware by use of air jets
AU683162B2 (en) * 1994-04-11 1997-10-30 Keller Gmbh Method and device for drying perforated bricks and similar articles
US20090000141A1 (en) * 2007-06-29 2009-01-01 Andis Company Hair dryer with light source
US8434238B2 (en) * 2007-06-29 2013-05-07 Andis Company Hair dryer with light source

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES400606A1 (es) 1975-01-16
IT943387B (it) 1973-04-02
GB1384275A (en) 1975-02-19
DD95446A5 (OSRAM) 1973-02-05
FR2127571A5 (OSRAM) 1972-10-13

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