US3771235A - Method for floating and drying a web - Google Patents

Method for floating and drying a web Download PDF

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Publication number
US3771235A
US3771235A US00213677A US3771235DA US3771235A US 3771235 A US3771235 A US 3771235A US 00213677 A US00213677 A US 00213677A US 3771235D A US3771235D A US 3771235DA US 3771235 A US3771235 A US 3771235A
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United States
Prior art keywords
holes
web
plate
air
inclusive
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00213677A
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English (en)
Inventor
M Minoda
T Yoshida
H Chikamasa
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Fujifilm Holdings Corp
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Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/74—Applying photosensitive compositions to the base; Drying processes therefor

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method and apparatus for floating and drying a flexible web having a coated layer thereon, which employs an air-impinging device comprised of a plate having a plurality of slots or small holes therethrough and communicated with a plenum chamber supplied with air from an air source.
  • the dimensions of the slots in the plate are defined according to predetermined values so that the drying effect of the air impinging on the coated web is maximized.
  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for floating and drying a flexible web having a coated layer thereon, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for floating and drying a flexible web such as a film base of baryta paper and the like having an emulsion layer of set colloidal solution, without contacting the surface thereof by maintaining static air between the web and an air supply header.
  • the flexible web on which the photographic emulsion is to be coated often becomes subject to various kinds of defects such as surface defects, such as uneveness in drying of the surface of the layer, scratches, abrasions, press marks, creases, and other defects on the surface of the layer and the web, as well as photographic quality defects such as static fog, press fog, friction fog and other defects.
  • surface defects such as uneveness in drying of the surface of the layer, scratches, abrasions, press marks, creases, and other defects on the surface of the layer and the web
  • photographic quality defects such as static fog, press fog, friction fog and other defects.
  • the web is floated and dried by impinging air flow, thereby preventing the surface thereof from contacting any part of the drying during the drying process of the manufacture of photographic photosensitive materials.
  • the basic technique most common to the conventional floating and drying methods is to support the web by an air flow impinging on the web out of an air supply header, with a static air pressure being maintained between the air supply header and the web. That is, the air pressure between the air supply header and the web is balanced with the weight of the web having the coated layer thereon.
  • the drying of the layer coated on the web is carried out by the air impinging from the air supply header for supporting the web or by another air stream impinging on the web out of another air supply header.
  • the air impinging device is generally composed of a flat or cylindrical or curved plate having a series of slots or small holes for blowing air therethrough.
  • the slots are arranged so that the longitudinal direction thereof is at right angles to the web feeding direction.
  • the small holes the holes are arranged uniformly over the entire plate surface so that a uniform air impingement is provided on the surface of the web.
  • the optimum ratio of the total impinging area to the total area of the plate is from 0.8 percent to 5 percent, particularly, from 1 percent to 3 percent.
  • the slots type air impingement method used in conventional nozzle-jet drying processes has been advantageous in that the web is uniformly dried.
  • it has been difficult to provide a stable air float with good air impinging efficiency by the slots due to the fact that the ratio of the area of the slots to the entire area of the plate is less than 3 percent, according to the above method.
  • the multi-hole-type air impingement method is a method particularly suitable for providing a uniform drying air stream to the layer coated on the web. This method is advantageous in the case where the web is fed by an ordinary roller support.
  • uneveness in the drying effect appears on the coating surface of the web, which results in uneven fog on the photographic film and a reduction of drying efficiency.
  • This reduction in drying efficiency is caused mainly by the interference between the individual air jets for maintaining static air pressure beneath the web. This reduction in drying effect will be described hereinbelow.
  • the central portion of the web is supported by the air pressure of not less'than 5 mm H O.
  • the air impinging flow at the edge portions of the web is influenced by the lateral air flow coming fromthe central portion of the web resulting frqm the air impinging flow at the central portion of the web.
  • the air impinging flow is mutually interrupted and drying unevenness is caused on the coated surface of the web. The air impingement is thus disturbed and the drying efficiency is reduced.
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION holes are provided in a web supply header plate through which air is impinged.
  • the dimension of the oblong holes is particularly defined so that the drying effect is maximized.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial sectional view of the web floating and drying section of a first embodiment of the air support type web floating and drying apparatus embodying the method of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the section shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged plan view showing a portion of the arrangement of the air impinging holes provided in the air impinging plate.
  • an air floating type web feeding and drying method and apparatus which maintains a static air pressure of notless than mm H O between the web and the air supply header impinging plate, and feeds the web without contacting the surface thereof by the static air pressure maintained therebeneath.
  • the surface of the web is dried by the use of the air, wherein said air impinging plate is provided with a number of oblong or oval small holes for impinging air therethrough.
  • the ratio of the area of the holes in the plate to the entire area of the plate is not more than 5 percent, and the dimensions of the holes are defined in accordance with the following conditions.
  • E is determined so that the impinging holes are uniformly distributed in the sense of area under the conditions set forth above in paragraphs (i) to (vi) where a is the angle between the direction of web feed and the lines connecting the centers of columns of holes in the direction generally transverse to the direction of web feed, [-3 is the angle at which the lengthwise direction of the holes is inclined to the lines connecting the centers of columns of holes in the direction generally transverse to the direction of web feed 3 is the length of the hole, s is the width of the hole, 1 is the distance between the adjacent holes, p is the distance between the adjacent lines of the holes, and E is the length of lateral discrepancy of the holes in the adjacent lines.
  • reference numeral 1 indicates a flexible web having a layer 2 coated thereon.
  • the reference letter A indicates the direction of feed of the web 1
  • the numeral 3 indicates an air supply plenum chamber for impinging air thereout for drying and supporting the web
  • the numeral 4 indicates an air impinging plate defining the air impinging plenum chamber 3 and extending in parallel with the web 1.
  • Air impinging holes 5 are provided in the air impinging plate 4, as seen in FIG. 2, and a duct 6 is connected to an air supply source for supplying air to plenum chamber 3 from a blower (not shown).
  • the air impinging plate 4 is provided with a plurality of elongated air holes 101, 102, 103, 201, 202 corresponding to the holes 5 of FIGS. 1 and 2, and which are lined along substantially straight lines at the angle a to the web feeding direction.
  • An angle a is an angle between the direction of the feed of the web indicated by arrow A and the direction in which the holes 101, 102, are lined.
  • Angle ,6 is an angle at which the lengthwise direction of the holes is inclined relative to the direction in which the holes are lined.
  • the length If is the longitudinal length of the holes and s is the width of the holes. I is the distance between the adjacent holes on one line of holes perpendicular to the direction of feed of the web.
  • the reference character p is the distance between the adjacent lines of the holes.
  • the character e is the length of lateral displacement of the holes corresponding to each other in the adjacent lines of the holes.
  • the air impinging plate 4 is formed as a flat plane and/or a cylindrical plane having its axis parallel to the lateral direction of the web being fed, that is, parallel to the lines of the holes.
  • the shape, size and the arrangement of the air impinging holes provided in the air impinging plane 4 are so determined that the web is stably supported by the air pressure provided through the holes and that the web is uniformly dried by the air flow impinging therethrough. Further, by the arrangement of the holes, the air flow impinging at the edge portions of the web is not greatly disturbed by the lateral air flow coming from the central portion of the web.
  • the shape of the air impinging holes 5 may be oval, oblong or similar shape which has different lengths in two right-angled directions.
  • the size and arrangement of the holes 5 are so determined that the following relationships between the angle a, the angle B, the length 2 and the width 3' may be satisfied:
  • the distributive arrangement of the holes 5 is so determined that the following relationship between the distance I, the distance i and the length 3 may be satisfied m between 1.5 and 2.5, inclusive Tbetween 0.7 and 200mm, inclusive Further, the ratio of the area of the holes 5 to the entire area of the plate 4 is not more than 5 percent, and the width is and the ratio of HF are designed to satisfy the following conditions:
  • the length 6 is determined so that the air impinging holes 5 are uniformly distributed with respect to the area thereof over entire surface of the air impinging plate 4 when the area is totaled along the web feeding direction.
  • the present invention is also applicable to a web feeding and drying system in which the web has wet layers on the both surfaces thereof.
  • the apparatus in accordance with the present invention is provided on both sides of the surface of the web to blow air onto the opposite surfaces of the web.
  • the air pressure is made lower on the upper side than the lower side so as to maintain the stable feed of the flexible web.
  • a web 1 having a layer 2 coated thereon on the lower surface thereof is supported by the air flow blowing out of the air impinging holes 5 and fed without contact with the plate 4, during which the layer 2 is dried.
  • the air for supporting the web 1 is introduced into the air impinging plenumchamber 3 through an air supplying duct 6 from a blower (not shown), and is then impinged out of the holes 5 toward the coated surface of the web 1 where it flows laterally on the surface of the layer 2 drying the coating.
  • An air pressure required to support the weight of the web 1 and the tension thereof is maintained between the web 1 and the air impinging plate 4.
  • the central portion of the layer 2 on the web 1 is dried by the air flow impinged from the holes 5 located at the center of the plate 4 and the air flow flowing laterally from the holes 5 located out of the central portion of the plate 4.
  • the air flow blowing out of one hole does not interfere with the air flow blowing out of another hole. Therefore, the efficiency of drying the web is kept high and the air is used efficiently.
  • the distribution of the holes 5 is such that the web may be subject to a uniform air flow, and accordingly, the layer 2 on the web 1 can be dried uniformly and the web can be floated stably.
  • the web 1 is fed stably and quickly, which results in improvement in productivity of the photographic film.
  • the quality of the potographic film is improved in the sense of uniformity in the photographic property, since the surface defects and photographic chemical defects are obviated.
  • the air support type web floating and drying apparatus having a cylindrically curved air impinging plate as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in accordance with the present invention
  • the dimensions of the holes as shown in FIG. 3 were selected as follows in the range as defined in the present invention:
  • Type B-l The apparatus as described above is referred to here as Type B-l.
  • the drving of the web by the Type A-l apparatus was much superior to the drying by the type B-l apparatus in uniformity in drying effect. Further the web was fed much more stably by the Type A-l than the Type 13-1, and flattening and slacking'of the web were not present in the Type A-l apparatus.
  • EXAMPLE 2 In the air support type web floating and drving apparatus having a cylindrically curved air impinging plate as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the dimensions of the holes as shown in FIG. 3 where selected as follows in accordance with the present invention.
  • T mm, within the range of 0.75 (42mm) to vii. E 25mm--;
  • Type A-2 This apparatus is referred to here as Type A-2.
  • Type B-2 Another apparatus was prepared which is referred to as Type B-2" in which the dimensions were selected as follows out of the range defined in the present invention:
  • iv. Z7 5mm/5mm 1, below the range of 3 to 15 (circular holes having a diameter of 5mm)
  • v. FIYI 45mm/5inm 9, above the range of 1.5 to
  • a method of supporting and drying a coated web comprising the steps of:
  • E is determined such that the air impinging holes are uniformly distributed over the area of the plate according to said conditions, where a is the angle between the direction of feed of the web and the direction of the lines connecting the centers of columns of holes in the direction generally transverse to the direction of web feed, B is the angle at which the lengthwise direction of the holes is inclined to the lines connecting the centers of columns of holes in the direction generally transverse to the direction of the web feed, 2 is the length of the holes, 5 is the width of the holes, I is the distance between the adjacent holes, 5 is the distance between the adjacent lines of the holes, and E is the length of the lateral discrepancy of the holes in adjacent lines of holes, and the ratio of the area of the holes to the entire area of the plate is not more than 5 percent;
  • An apparatus for floating and drying a flexible web having a coated layer thereon on a film of air comprising in combination:
  • a plate having a plurality of openings therethrough, said openings being arranged in a predetermined pattern in accordance with the following conditions:
  • i. a selected between 70 and 110, inclusive ii. 3 selected between 20 and +20, inclusive iii. If selected between 3mm and 7mm, inclusive iv. the ratio a]; selected between 3 and 15, inclusive v. the ratio HZ selected between 1.5 and 2.5, inclusive vi. i selected between 0.717 and 200 mm, inclusive vii. E is determined such that the openings in said l e. a
  • a is the angle between the direction of the feed of the web and the direction of the lines connecting the centers of columns of holes in the direction generally transverse to the direction of web feed
  • B is the angle at which the lengthwise direction of the holes is inclined to the lines connecting the centers of columns of holes in the direction generally transverse to the direction of web feed
  • I is the length of the holes
  • 9 10 E is the width of the holes, Tis the distance between the said plenum chamber, and j holes, 5 E distance between h adjacent means for moving said flexible web across said plate, llnes of holes, and e 18 the length of lateral discrepancy whereby the web is Supported by impinging from of the holes in the adjacent lines of holes, and the ratio of the area of the holes to the entire area of the plate 5 is not more than 5 percent,
  • a plenum chamber communicating with a pneumatic pressure source, said plate forming one surface of said openings in said plate and simultaneously dries the coated layer thereon without allowing the film strip to contact the surface of the plate.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Advancing Webs (AREA)
US00213677A 1970-12-29 1971-12-29 Method for floating and drying a web Expired - Lifetime US3771235A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP45121446A JPS518226B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-12-29 1970-12-29

Publications (1)

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US3771235A true US3771235A (en) 1973-11-13

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US00213677A Expired - Lifetime US3771235A (en) 1970-12-29 1971-12-29 Method for floating and drying a web

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US (1) US3771235A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS518226B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1341859A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE378665B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3962799A (en) * 1972-10-02 1976-06-15 Domtar Limited Air bearing moisture profiler
US4168580A (en) * 1972-06-02 1979-09-25 Maschinenfabrik Andritz Actiengesellschaft Drying installation for treating webs of material
US4750277A (en) * 1986-04-07 1988-06-14 Kuhl Henry Y Apparatus for drying of articles traveling upon a conveyor
US4887366A (en) * 1988-06-16 1989-12-19 Kuhl Henry Y Article drying apparatus with adjustable drying plenum means
US5537178A (en) * 1995-02-07 1996-07-16 Aofa-Gevaert N.V. Apparatus for the processing of photographic sheet material

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0632071U (ja) * 1992-10-09 1994-04-26 ぺんてる株式会社 ファイル格納具

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3199213A (en) * 1961-07-12 1965-08-10 Crown Zellerbach Canada Ltd Method of changing the moisture content of wood
US3435539A (en) * 1965-07-20 1969-04-01 Agfa Gevaert Nv Dryer for a film processing machine
US3525164A (en) * 1968-12-10 1970-08-25 Wolverine Corp Apparatus for gaseous treatment of moving webs
US3672066A (en) * 1970-10-30 1972-06-27 Bechtel Int Corp Microwave drying apparatus

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI42500B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1965-12-01 1970-04-30 Valmet Oy

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3199213A (en) * 1961-07-12 1965-08-10 Crown Zellerbach Canada Ltd Method of changing the moisture content of wood
US3435539A (en) * 1965-07-20 1969-04-01 Agfa Gevaert Nv Dryer for a film processing machine
US3525164A (en) * 1968-12-10 1970-08-25 Wolverine Corp Apparatus for gaseous treatment of moving webs
US3672066A (en) * 1970-10-30 1972-06-27 Bechtel Int Corp Microwave drying apparatus

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4168580A (en) * 1972-06-02 1979-09-25 Maschinenfabrik Andritz Actiengesellschaft Drying installation for treating webs of material
US3962799A (en) * 1972-10-02 1976-06-15 Domtar Limited Air bearing moisture profiler
US4750277A (en) * 1986-04-07 1988-06-14 Kuhl Henry Y Apparatus for drying of articles traveling upon a conveyor
US4887366A (en) * 1988-06-16 1989-12-19 Kuhl Henry Y Article drying apparatus with adjustable drying plenum means
US5537178A (en) * 1995-02-07 1996-07-16 Aofa-Gevaert N.V. Apparatus for the processing of photographic sheet material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1341859A (en) 1973-12-25
JPS518226B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-03-15
DE2164121A1 (de) 1972-07-13
SE378665B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-09-08
DE2164121B2 (de) 1976-04-01

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