US3760815A - Preparation of reconstituted tobacco - Google Patents

Preparation of reconstituted tobacco Download PDF

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Publication number
US3760815A
US3760815A US00104459A US3760815DA US3760815A US 3760815 A US3760815 A US 3760815A US 00104459 A US00104459 A US 00104459A US 3760815D A US3760815D A US 3760815DA US 3760815 A US3760815 A US 3760815A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tobacco
acids
acid
slurry
ammonium
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US00104459A
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English (en)
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E Deszyck
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Philip Morris USA Inc
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Philip Morris USA Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/10—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/12—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of reconstituted tobacco

Definitions

  • the patents describe the release of pectins and pectinic substances from the tobacco parts for subsequent redeposit on the same or other tobacco parts as adhesives to bind them into a coherent sheet or other form.
  • the pectin release is carried out by the use of special agents which act by removing the divalent metal cross-links, essentially calcium and magnesium by a number of methods, for example, a method utilizing additive substances which remove the divalent metal ions by forming relatively insoluble salts; a method which removes the ions by an additive causing a chelating or sequestering action; or by another method which acidifies the system with an acid and produces soluble salts of Ca and Mg, which can be washed out, leaving the pectins in the insoluble acid form, but which then requires an alkalinizing step to solubilize the pectins.
  • ashforming ingredients may increase the delivery of total particulate matter (TPM) in the smoke.
  • TPM total particulate matter
  • the present invention is an improvement in the production of a reconstituted tobacco in that the release of tobacco pectins in situ may be accomplished without the addition of ash-forming inorganic salts or acids, while at the same time, enhancing the flavor and aroma of the smoke. 1
  • selected monobasic organic acids of six to 18 carbon atoms or polybasic acids of two to 12 carbon atoms and ammonium hydroxide or ammonium salts of such acids are added to tobacco parts as cross-links destroying agents.
  • the latter additives or components thereof are volatilized in subsequent drying operations, or are burned in smoking to produce principally the same products that arise from combustion of tobacco without additives, namely, carbon dioxide, water, ammonia, and the like, so that ash appearance and, more importantly, TPM delivery are substantially unchanged.
  • Smoking of the products has shown the flavor to be acceptable, and sometimes enhanced and novel, mild rather than harsh, with no undesirable foreign notes.
  • the sheet produced is pliable and plastic, and added plasticizer (e.g., triethylene glycol) may be reduced or eliminated.
  • the process comprises the treatment of the tobacco parts, preferably in finely divided form, with an aqueous solution or suspension of selected organic acids with ammonium hydroxide or the ammonium salt of one or more of these acids, in the presence of excess ammonium hydroxide.
  • the treatment of the tobacco in the presence of these ammonium salts and ammonium hydroxide results in the release of the pectinaceous components from the tobacco in the form of ammonium pectates.
  • the original pectinaceous components with may be termed protopectins, consist essentially of calcium and/or magnesium salts of polygalacturonic acid, the divalent metallic atoms acting as cross-links between the galacturonic chains, these being destroyed in the reaction.
  • the calcium and/or magnesium cations form substantially water-insoluble salts with the anionic groups, particularly when the pH is in the alkaline range.
  • These insoluble salts, together with the ammonium pectates acting as binding agents, are combined with the treated tobacco and are extruded, cast or otherwise formed into a reconstituted tobacco product which may then be processed in known manner to produce the desired form of smoking product.
  • the organic acids that are selected are unsubstituted aliphatic or aromatic mono or polycarboxylic acids or such acids having only hydroxy and lower alkoxy groups as substituents.
  • the acids should consist only of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
  • the monocarboxylic acids preferred are fatty acids having six to 18 carbon atoms while the preferred polycarboxylic acids are those having two to 12 carbon atoms.
  • These acids should have the general characteristic of forming calcium or magnesium salts that, under the conditions of treatment, particularly in an alkaline environment well above pH 8, preferably pH 9 to 10, are substantially insoluble in the aqueous medium.
  • these salts either volatilize off, or alternatively, break down during the combustion of the tobacco to calcium or magnesium carbonates, carbon dioxide, water and, in fact, the same elements normally released when untreated tobacco is burned.
  • ammonium components eitheras ammonium pectates or substantially trace amounts of free ammonia or ammonium hydroxide, ammonia gas is volatilized out either before the product is smoked, that is during the drying step, or certainly during the combustion. The end result is that the combustion of the treated tobacco produces the same type of ash as would be produced from the combusion of tobacco that had not been treated and was free of additives.
  • citric, malic or vanillic acids or other flavor or aroma inducing acids with ammonium hydroxide, or alternatively their ammonium salts, with excess ammonia, when used for the release of pectins and waterinsoluble salts, will also produce an exceptionally flavorful smoke.
  • the longer-chain fatty acids either saturated or unsaturated, for example, stearic, oleic, linoleic or linolenic acids or their ammonium salts, these provide not only a subtle flavor characteristic of the smoke when used in the desired concentration, but also possess a plasticizing effect that requires little or no added plasticizers normally used in making a reconstituted tobacco product.
  • the preferred acids that may be used in carrying out the process of the invention are citric, malic, gluconic, oxalic, tartaric, mellitic, vanillic, sebacic, lauric, stearic, oleic, linoleic or linolenic acids.
  • Particularly preferred acids are citric or malic acids. As indicated previously, one may use a single acid or a mixture of different acids.
  • tobacco plant parts usually waste or scrap tobacco parts in the form of flakes, shreds, tobacco fines or dust, but preferably in finely divided form, is slurried with an aqueous solution of an ammonium salt ofa selected organic acid or a mixture of such salts.
  • the amount of added salt may be in the range of about 0.0 to about 0.25 mols of salt per 100 grams of tobacco, but preferably in an amount of about 0.025 to 0.08 mols per 100 grams of tobacco.
  • sufficient ammonium hydroxide must be added to reach an alkaline pH, preferably from pH 9 to about pH 10.
  • the slurry is maintained at a temperature of from about 25 to 110C. for about one-half to 24 hours. Heating may not be necessary since heat may be generated by the reaction taking place in the treating vessel. While heating or cooking is being carried out, more ammonia may be needed to maintain the alkaline pH. After sufficient time has elapsed and when the reaction is substantially completed, the tobacco slurry may be refined by use ofa rapid or high speed beater, followed by deaeration before casting, spraying, roller-coating or the like in reconstituted tobacco forms such as webs, sheets, fibers or other desired forms.
  • ammonium salts instead of using ammonium salts as such, one may form these salts in situ or at least have the desired anions and cations present by using one or more organic acids and sufficient ammonium hydroxide, usually in excess so as to result in an alkaline pH of pH 9 or higher.
  • Sufficient ammonium hydroxide is then added to result in the slurry achieving an alkaline pH in the range of 9 to l0.
  • ammonium pectins would be formed from the re leased pectins and the calcium and magnesium cross linking cations of the tobacco protopectins would form salts with the acidic anions.
  • the entire reaction mix may then be cast, extruded, sprayed or otherwise treated to solidify the solids by procedures well known in the art, to form a reconstituted tobacco product.
  • Example 1 A slurry was prepared in a Waring blender from 50 g of tobacco dust (-50 mesh), 450 ml. of water, 1.0 g of citric acid, and sufficient aqueous ammonia to raise the pH to 9.5. The slurry was refined by beating for 30 minutes, at which time the temperature had reached C. The viscosity had reached a maximum after five minutes. No additional heat was applied. The slurry was deaerated under vacuum on a steam bath (pH after cooling, 8.8). The hot slurry was cast on steel plates by using a casting knife set at 50 mils, dried over a steam bath, and stripped from the plates. A uniform, dense sheet without pinholes resulted. Its properties were:
  • Example 2 Portions of tobacco dust (50 mesh) and water, 50 g and 450 ml. respectively, were treated with additives and conditions as listed in Table I, using a Waring blender for refining and a steam bath for heating. Deaeration after refining was for 10 minutes except the last run where 1 hr. heating took its place. Casting on steel plates with a casting knife set at 50 mils, and drying produced sheets with the properties listed in Table Example 3 Tobacco dust (50 g, 50 mesh) and citric acid (7.5 g) were slurried with 285 ml. water in a Waring blender. To the slurry concentrated NH OH was added to pH 9.0 which was maintained during the heating period.
  • the slurry was heated to C in a steam bath for 2 hours, and refined for 1 minute.
  • the hot slurry was cast on steel plates using a casting knife set at 35 mils, dried over a steam bath and doctored off. pH of the cold slurry was 8.7, sheet pH was 5.3. The sheet was satisfactory but it did have many fine cracks.
  • Example 4 A slurry consisting of 1,019.4 lb. water, 174.8 lb. tobacco dust, 24.6 lb. citric acid, and 42 lb. of 30% NH OH was prepared in a mixing tank. The temperature was maintained Not decorated before casting.
  • the sheets were cut into filler and cigarettes were prepared for smoke test comparison against a standard cigarette, as shown in Table 11 below.
  • mm. filter tips were attached to the cigarettes, and then 50 mm. of cigarettes smoked for TPM and nicotine.
  • Example 5 Sebacic acid (5 g), 50 g tobacco dust (-50 mesh), and 450 ml. H O were slurried in a Waring blender. Concentrated NH OH was added to raise pH to 9.5. The slurry was refined for 30 minutes during which period the temperature was raised to 90 C. After the refining, the slurry was heated on a steam bath in order to deaerate. It was then cast on stainless steel plates using a casting knife with 50 mils setting. To dry the product the plates were placed over a steam bath. The sheets were doctored.
  • Example 6 Mellitic acid (5 g), 50 g tobacco dust (-50 mesh), and 450 m1. H O were slurried in a Waring blender.
  • Example 7 Ten grams oleic acid, 50 g tobacco dust, and 450 ml. H O were slurried in a Waring blender. pH was adjusted to 9.0 with concentrated NH OH. The slurry was heated at 90 C. over a steam bath for 1 hour, re-
  • the slurry was heated oon a steam bath for one hour
  • slurry was cast on stainless steel plates using a casting knife set at 50 mils, dried over a steam bath and doctored.
  • the product was soft and plastic.
  • Ammonium oleate (10.6 g) may be used in place of the oleic acid in the above example, and using sufficient ammonium hydroxide to obtain a pH of 9.
  • the heating, refining and casting are described above.
  • the product is the equivalent of that given in the example.
  • Example 8 Vanillic acid (8.4 g), 50 g tobacco dust and 450 ml, H O were slurried in a Waring blender. pH was adjusted to 9.3 with concentrated NH OH. The slurry was heated for 2 hours at C. in a steam bath, refined for 10 minutes, and deaerated for 15 minutes. The slurry was cast on stainless steel plates using a casting knife set at 50 mils, dried over a steam bath and doctored. The product had a subtle sweet aroma. Cigarettes prepared from this product when smoked had a subtle vanilla flavor both in the main and side streams.
  • Example 9 Ammonium sebacate (6 g) and 50 g (-50 mesh) of tobacco dust were slurried in 450 ml. H O in a Waring blender. The pH was adjusted to pH 9.0 with concentrated NH OH. The slurry was brought to 90 C. and held at that temperature for 1 hour. It was refined for 30 minutes and then heated on a steam bath to deaerate for about 30 minutes. The slurry was cast on stainless steel plates using a casting knife set at 50 mils, then dried over a steam bath and doctored. The product had similar characteristics to the product of Example 5.
  • Example 10 Eighty pounds of tobacco dust having a pH of 5.7, 12 lb. 8 oz. concentrated NH OH, and 454 lb. H O were placed in a vat with steam coils and circulating pump. The slurry was heated to about 90 C. for one hour while being constantly circulated during the heating. The slurry was recycled through refiners for about 45 minutes. The temperature was maintained at about 90 C. and additional Nl-LOH was added to maintain pH at 9.0. When refining was completed the total solids were 17 percent and the viscosity approximately 8,000 centipoises at 2% RPM, spindle D, using Brookfield wire T- form spindle. A portion of the slurry after deaeration was hand cast on stainless steel plates at 50 mils, using a casting knife.
  • step (a) is in finely divided form.
  • said reagent comprises a polycarboxylic acid of two to 12 carbon atoms and ammonium hydroxide.
  • said reagent comprises a monocarboxylic fatty acid having six to 18 carbon atom and ammonium hydroxide.
  • reaction is carried out in the presence of ammonium cations and organic acid anions derived from acids of the group consisting of oxalic, citric, malic, sebacic, tartaric, mellitic, vanillic, gluconic, stearic, lauric, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
US00104459A 1971-01-06 1971-01-06 Preparation of reconstituted tobacco Expired - Lifetime US3760815A (en)

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US10445971A 1971-01-06 1971-01-06

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US (1) US3760815A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA958959A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH565518A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE2200488C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2120990A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1321179A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7200124A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (56)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US4286606A (en) * 1979-06-18 1981-09-01 Philip Morris Incorporated Tobacco flavorants
US4607646A (en) * 1984-02-06 1986-08-26 Philip Morris Incorporated Process for modifying the smoke flavor characteristics of tobacco
US4625737A (en) * 1982-12-30 1986-12-02 Philip Morris Incorporated Foamed, extruded, tobacco-containing smoking article and method of making the same
US4632131A (en) * 1984-07-03 1986-12-30 Philip Morris Incorporated Foamed, extruded, coherent multistrand smoking articles
US4674519A (en) * 1984-05-25 1987-06-23 Philip Morris Incorporated Cohesive tobacco composition
DE3705879A1 (de) * 1986-02-24 1987-08-27 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Verbessertes verfahren zum behandeln, trocknen und expandieren von tabak
GB2210547A (en) * 1987-10-05 1989-06-14 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Forming flavour compounds in tobacco
US4874000A (en) * 1982-12-30 1989-10-17 Philip Morris Incorporated Method and apparatus for drying and cooling extruded tobacco-containing material
US5099864A (en) * 1990-01-05 1992-03-31 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco reconstitution process
US5129409A (en) * 1989-06-29 1992-07-14 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Extruded cigarette
US5325877A (en) * 1993-07-23 1994-07-05 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco reconstitution process
US5327917A (en) * 1990-08-15 1994-07-12 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Method for providing a reconstituted tobacco material
US5339838A (en) * 1992-08-17 1994-08-23 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Method for providing a reconstituted tobacco material
US5377698A (en) * 1993-04-30 1995-01-03 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Reconstituted tobacco product
US5533530A (en) * 1994-09-01 1996-07-09 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco reconstitution process
US5727571A (en) * 1992-03-25 1998-03-17 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. Components for smoking articles and process for making same
WO1999029190A1 (en) * 1997-12-08 1999-06-17 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation A method for making a reconstituted tobacco sheet using steam exploded tobacco
WO1999029189A1 (en) * 1997-12-08 1999-06-17 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp. A method for making a reconstituted tobacco sheet using steam exploded tobacco
US6440223B1 (en) 2000-02-15 2002-08-27 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. Smoking article containing heat activatable flavorant-generating material
US6499489B1 (en) 2000-05-12 2002-12-31 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco-based cooked casing formulation
US6679270B2 (en) 2000-10-05 2004-01-20 Nicolas Baskevitch Reduction of nitrosamines in tobacco and tobacco products
US6695924B1 (en) 2000-07-25 2004-02-24 Michael Francis Dube Method of improving flavor in smoking article
US20040173228A1 (en) * 2003-03-04 2004-09-09 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Method for producing flavorful and aromatic compounds from tobacco
US20040255965A1 (en) * 2003-06-17 2004-12-23 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Reconstituted tobaccos containing additive materials
US20050005947A1 (en) * 2003-07-11 2005-01-13 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Smoking articles having reduced carbon monoxide delivery
US20050263161A1 (en) * 2004-05-27 2005-12-01 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Tobacco filler of low nitrogen content
US20060162733A1 (en) * 2004-12-01 2006-07-27 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Process of reducing generation of benzo[a]pyrene during smoking
US20060174904A1 (en) * 2005-02-07 2006-08-10 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Smoking articles having reduced analyte levels and process for making same
US20070295348A1 (en) * 2006-06-01 2007-12-27 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Free air burning smoking articles with reduced ignition proclivity characteristics
US20080178894A1 (en) * 2007-01-26 2008-07-31 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Methods and apparatus for the selective removal of constituents from aqueous tobacco extracts
US20090025738A1 (en) * 2007-07-23 2009-01-29 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Smokeless Tobacco Composition
US20090025739A1 (en) * 2007-07-23 2009-01-29 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Smokeless Tobacco Composition
US20100037903A1 (en) * 2008-08-14 2010-02-18 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Method for Preparing Flavorful and Aromatic Compounds
EP2179666A2 (en) 2007-07-23 2010-04-28 R.J.Reynolds Tobacco Company Smokeless Tobacco Compositions And Methods For Treating Tobacco For Use Therein
US20100300463A1 (en) * 2009-06-02 2010-12-02 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Thermal treatment process for tobacco materials
US20110048434A1 (en) * 2009-06-02 2011-03-03 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Thermal treatment process for tobacco materials
WO2011081725A1 (en) 2009-12-15 2011-07-07 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco product and method for manufacture
WO2012170761A1 (en) 2011-06-10 2012-12-13 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Tobacco material containing non-isometric calcium carbonate microparticles
WO2013074903A1 (en) 2011-11-18 2013-05-23 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Smokeless tobacco product comprising tobacco - derived pectin component
WO2013170028A1 (en) 2012-05-09 2013-11-14 Lanig Le Bec Tobacco product that produces lower carbon monoxide to tar ratio
WO2014134254A1 (en) 2013-02-28 2014-09-04 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Composition for making a tea beverage or herbal and vegetable broths
WO2014141201A2 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Fall Safall Method of reducing tobacco-specific nitrosamines
WO2014140346A1 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Philip Morris Products S.A Methods for reducing one or more tobacco specific nitrosamines in tobacco material
WO2014207704A2 (en) 2013-06-26 2014-12-31 Pan Jiayi Filter media
US8991403B2 (en) 2009-06-02 2015-03-31 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Thermal treatment process for tobacco materials
US9149068B2 (en) 2012-10-11 2015-10-06 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Wrapper having reduced ignition proclivity characteristics
CN109077347A (zh) * 2018-07-20 2018-12-25 河南卷烟工业烟草薄片有限公司 一种提高造纸法再造烟叶中有机氮的涂布剂、其制备方法及应用
US10178872B2 (en) 2010-10-29 2019-01-15 Schweitzer-Manduit International, Inc. Method for producing articles of plant origin impregnated with a liquid plant substance
EP3561179A1 (en) 2014-03-28 2019-10-30 SWM Luxembourg s.a.r.l. Reconstituted plant material and its use for packaging, wrapping and food appliances
US10729662B2 (en) 2013-08-20 2020-08-04 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Product comprising a plant for medicinal, cosmetic, coloring or dermatologic use
US10751282B2 (en) 2013-08-02 2020-08-25 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Edible product comprising reconstituted plant material
US11035079B2 (en) 2016-04-05 2021-06-15 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Vegetable paper comprising fibres of a plant
CN114698867A (zh) * 2022-04-08 2022-07-05 贵州黄果树金叶科技有限公司 一种精准成分再造烟叶制备方法及再造烟叶
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US11737472B2 (en) 2015-03-02 2023-08-29 Mativ Holdings, Inc. Low bulk density composition for making a tea beverage having reduced dust or fines
US12201142B2 (en) 2020-09-11 2025-01-21 SWM Holdings US, LLC Filter for smoking or vaping article comprising a nonwoven substrate

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US3420241A (en) * 1967-04-28 1969-01-07 Philip Morris Inc Method of preparing a reconstituted tobacco sheet employing a pectin adhesive
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Cited By (86)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4286606A (en) * 1979-06-18 1981-09-01 Philip Morris Incorporated Tobacco flavorants
US4874000A (en) * 1982-12-30 1989-10-17 Philip Morris Incorporated Method and apparatus for drying and cooling extruded tobacco-containing material
US4625737A (en) * 1982-12-30 1986-12-02 Philip Morris Incorporated Foamed, extruded, tobacco-containing smoking article and method of making the same
US4607646A (en) * 1984-02-06 1986-08-26 Philip Morris Incorporated Process for modifying the smoke flavor characteristics of tobacco
US4674519A (en) * 1984-05-25 1987-06-23 Philip Morris Incorporated Cohesive tobacco composition
US4632131A (en) * 1984-07-03 1986-12-30 Philip Morris Incorporated Foamed, extruded, coherent multistrand smoking articles
DE3705879A1 (de) * 1986-02-24 1987-08-27 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Verbessertes verfahren zum behandeln, trocknen und expandieren von tabak
AU592716B2 (en) * 1987-10-05 1990-01-18 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Process for forming flavour compounds in tobacco
GB2210547A (en) * 1987-10-05 1989-06-14 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Forming flavour compounds in tobacco
GB2210547B (en) * 1987-10-05 1991-07-03 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Process for forming flavour compounds in tobacco.
US5129409A (en) * 1989-06-29 1992-07-14 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Extruded cigarette
US5099864A (en) * 1990-01-05 1992-03-31 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco reconstitution process
US5327917A (en) * 1990-08-15 1994-07-12 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Method for providing a reconstituted tobacco material
US5727571A (en) * 1992-03-25 1998-03-17 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. Components for smoking articles and process for making same
US5339838A (en) * 1992-08-17 1994-08-23 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Method for providing a reconstituted tobacco material
US5377698A (en) * 1993-04-30 1995-01-03 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Reconstituted tobacco product
US5325877A (en) * 1993-07-23 1994-07-05 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco reconstitution process
US5533530A (en) * 1994-09-01 1996-07-09 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco reconstitution process
US5715844A (en) * 1994-09-01 1998-02-10 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco reconstitution process
WO1999029189A1 (en) * 1997-12-08 1999-06-17 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp. A method for making a reconstituted tobacco sheet using steam exploded tobacco
WO1999029190A1 (en) * 1997-12-08 1999-06-17 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation A method for making a reconstituted tobacco sheet using steam exploded tobacco
US6440223B1 (en) 2000-02-15 2002-08-27 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. Smoking article containing heat activatable flavorant-generating material
US6499489B1 (en) 2000-05-12 2002-12-31 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco-based cooked casing formulation
US6695924B1 (en) 2000-07-25 2004-02-24 Michael Francis Dube Method of improving flavor in smoking article
US6679270B2 (en) 2000-10-05 2004-01-20 Nicolas Baskevitch Reduction of nitrosamines in tobacco and tobacco products
US20040173228A1 (en) * 2003-03-04 2004-09-09 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Method for producing flavorful and aromatic compounds from tobacco
US20040255965A1 (en) * 2003-06-17 2004-12-23 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Reconstituted tobaccos containing additive materials
US7900639B2 (en) 2003-06-17 2011-03-08 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Reconstituted tobaccos containing additive materials
US20070107743A1 (en) * 2003-06-17 2007-05-17 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Reconstituted Tobaccos Containing Additive Materials
US20050005947A1 (en) * 2003-07-11 2005-01-13 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Smoking articles having reduced carbon monoxide delivery
US20090283104A1 (en) * 2003-07-11 2009-11-19 Hampl Jr Vladimir Smoking Articles Having Reduced Carbon Monoxide Delivery
US8353301B2 (en) 2003-07-11 2013-01-15 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Smoking articles having reduced carbon monoxide delivery
US8443812B2 (en) 2003-07-11 2013-05-21 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Smoking articles having reduced carbon monoxide delivery
US20050263161A1 (en) * 2004-05-27 2005-12-01 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Tobacco filler of low nitrogen content
US20060162733A1 (en) * 2004-12-01 2006-07-27 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Process of reducing generation of benzo[a]pyrene during smoking
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NL7200124A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-07-10
DE2200488A1 (de) 1972-07-20
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DE2265372A1 (de) 1977-10-13
GB1321179A (en) 1973-06-20
FR2120990A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-08-18
AU3659671A (en) 1973-06-14
CH565518A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-08-29
DE2200488C3 (de) 1978-09-14

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