Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
  • C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
  • C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
  • C04B14/10—Clay
  • C04B14/104—Bentonite, e.g. montmorillonite
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
  • E02D5/18—Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ

Definitions

• ABSTRACT A method of constructing a fluid impermeable wall in the ground.
• a first trench is dug and simultaneously filled with a cementitious bentonitic mud, which is sufficiently viscous to prevent the sides of the trench from caving in.
• This first trench forms a first section of the wall.
• a second trench is dug adjacent to and continuing or extending from the first trench, to form a second wall section, and the second trench is also simultaneously filled with cementitious bentonitic mud.
• the abuttting end sections then bond firmly together upon setting to form a continuous wall.
• This method has the disadvantage that the long diaphragm wall has to be constructed in longitudinally displaced sections and some form of fluid tight seal, and in many cases also a mechanical connection, has to be made between the adjacent ends of the adjacent sections. Also there is a difficulty of storing, carting, recovering and regenerating the bentonitic mud when each section is cast.
• each wall section consists of a length of trench filled with cementitious bentonitic mud and of each two adjacent sections one is first constructed and the other one is then constructed before the mud of the first section has set so that the mud in the two sections bond together to provide a perfect fluid impermeable diaphragm wall.
• Such a wall is thus produced without having to insert or construct a fluid tight seal between the two sections.
• bentonitic mud which includes a proportion of cement surprisingly retains the high viscous or thixotropic properties of bentonitic mud as well as the setting properties of cement.
• the second one of the two sections is constructed in a period between 0.5 T and 0.9 T after the first one of the sections has been constructed.
• a typical diaphragm wall may have a thickness of between 0.2 and l m and a depth of between 1 and 60 m.
• the manner in which the diaphragm wall is constructed of separate sections is open to many variations.
• a first-section may be constructed, then the next section but one, and finally the intermediate section before the first two sections have set fully.
• the partially set inner ends of the end sections are cut off during the construction of the middle section to ensure that no earth remains to interfere with the seal between the adjacent sections.
• a diaphragm wall of exceptionable permeability, even to gases, can be produced by embedding into the wall sections a continuous foil of plastics material extending along the wall.
• metal reinforcement may be embedded in the sections. In either case the plastic sheeting or reinforcement is simply immersed in the mud filled trench and remains there until the mud has set.
• the invention thus makes possible the construction of a diaphragm wall of indefinite length, or a circular or other endless diaphragm wall, as an integral fluid tight unit without the need for any additional jointing material.
• the wall also has the property of being slightly flexible so that it can move slightly with the ground without impairing its impermeability. Since the mud forms the finished wall sections it does not have to be recovered and forms a cheap building material for the wall.
• the invention may be carried out using a cementitious bentonitic mud consisting of bentonite containing a quantity of between 50 and 300 kilograms of cement per cubic metre.
• the proportion is preferably between 50 and kilograms per cubic metre for particularly impermeable walls and between 100 and 300 kilograms per cubic metre when greater strength is required.
• the mud should retain a substantially constant high viscosity for at least 40 hours and remain homogeneous for that period. This period can be reduced if the speed with which the work is carried out so requires, but whatever the setting time, it is preferably selected so that the cement and bentonite mixture with which the or each trench is filled, retains its homogenity and viscosity until all the construction steps have been completed.
• the amount of retarding agent used depends upon the proportion of clinker, whereas when the cement is made without clinker that is to say from substantially pure slag, no retarding agents are necessary.
• the diaphragm wall has a thickness of between 0.2 and l m and a depth of between 1 and 60 m.
• a method of constructing in the ground a fluid impermeable diaphragm wall composed of a plurality of longitudinally extending sections bended together to form a continuous wall comprising:
• step (a) (0) until a wall of the desired length is obtained, whereby when the mixtures in each of said sections harden they bond together at the junction with each adjacent section to thereby provide a continuous fluid impermeable wall consisting of said hardened cementitious mixture.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
• Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

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ID=9057252

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (15)

Cited By (22)

Families Citing this family (11)

Citations (6)

• 1970
  • 1970-06-16 FR FR7022101A patent/FR2094290A5/fr not_active Expired
  • 1970-08-07 NL NL7011750A patent/NL168023C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1971
  • 1971-04-19 GB GB23768/71A patent/GB1284856A/en not_active Expired
  • 1971-05-04 DE DE19712121893 patent/DE2121893A1/de active Pending
  • 1971-05-22 ES ES391810A patent/ES391810A1/es not_active Expired
  • 1971-05-26 MC MC947A patent/MC890A1/xx unknown
  • 1971-05-27 BE BE767737A patent/BE767737A/xx unknown
  • 1971-06-02 CH CH797971A patent/CH549699A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1971-06-03 CA CA114,766A patent/CA944168A/en not_active Expired
  • 1971-06-08 JP JP4050271A patent/JPS5322367B1/ja active Pending
  • 1971-06-09 HU HUSO1005A patent/HU170336B/hu unknown
  • 1971-06-14 SE SE7107684A patent/SE392935B/sv unknown
  • 1971-06-14 AT AT512171A patent/AT330093B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1971-06-15 US US00153424A patent/US3759044A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1971-06-15 CS CS714399A patent/CS251052B2/cs unknown

Patent Citations (6)

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