US3756744A - Axial water flow machines - Google Patents

Axial water flow machines Download PDF

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Publication number
US3756744A
US3756744A US00108535A US3756744DA US3756744A US 3756744 A US3756744 A US 3756744A US 00108535 A US00108535 A US 00108535A US 3756744D A US3756744D A US 3756744DA US 3756744 A US3756744 A US 3756744A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
vane
rim
hub
vanes
runner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00108535A
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English (en)
Inventor
M Braikevitch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
English Electric Co Ltd
Original Assignee
English Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by English Electric Co Ltd filed Critical English Electric Co Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3756744A publication Critical patent/US3756744A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/12—Blades; Blade-carrying rotors
    • F03B3/126—Rotors for essentially axial flow, e.g. for propeller turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18—Rotors
    • F04D29/181—Axial flow rotors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

Definitions

  • This invention relates to axial water flow machines in which there is provided a runner which comprises a hub, a plurality of radially extending vanes, and a peripheral drive member disposed circumferentially around the vanes.
  • the drive member may support an electrical rotor, or alternatively an annular gear wheel.
  • Such machines may be turbines or pumps or pump- /turbines and find application in, for example, tidal flow hydro-electric schemes in which the runner may advantageously be disposed for rotation about a substantially horizontal axis.
  • the runner vanes will assume substantially the temperature of the water passing over them whereas, where for example the peripheral drive member is a rim supporting an electrical rotor, the rim may become heated to 60C. or more above the water temperature. In addition the rim will tend to expand owing to centrifugal effects.
  • a runner for axial water flow machine includes:
  • peripheral drive member disposed circumferentially around the vanes and held axially and circumferentially by the radially extending outer end of each vane, but being movable radially relative to the radially extending outer end of each vane;
  • eachtie member comprises a radially extending tie bar, each tie bar being associated with a respective vane.
  • Each tie bar may pass through a bore in its respectiv vane, and each vane, may be rotatable about its tie bar.
  • each-tie bar is disposed in a slot in its respective vane, and a fairing is associated with each slot for preserving the contour of the vane.
  • FIG. 1 is a fragmentary sectional end elevation of the turbine runner of the first embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is fragmentary a sectional side elevation of the turbine runner shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a transverse section of a vane of the runner shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary transverse section of a modified turbine runner vane of the second embodiment
  • FIG. 5 shows a fragmentary sectional side elevation of a further modified turbine runner of the second embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a transverse section on the line VI-VI of FIG. 5 of a turbine vane of the turbine runner shown in FIG. 5.
  • a horizontally mounted turbine runner comprises four vanes 2 (only one is shown) carried on a hub 3.
  • Each vane 2 is secured to the hub by studs 4, and has at the radially extending outer end 5 thereof an integrally formed bridge piece 6 provided for mechanical engagement with a boss 7 projecting radially inwards from a recess 8 formed in a peripheral drive member in the form of a rim 9.
  • Radially extending surfaces of contact on the bridge piece 6 and the boss 7 hold the rim axially and circumferentially.
  • the rim 9 which is arranged circumferentially around the ends 5 of the vanes, is divided into as many arcuate segments 10 as there are vanes 2, and carries poles (not shown) which form part of the rotor of an electrical. generator (not shown).
  • the boss 7 is provided with a central radial bore 11 in axial alignment with a bore 12 extending longitudinally-along the centre of the vane 2, and a hole 13 in the hub 3, and a tie bar 14 positioned in the bore 12 is secured at one end in thehole 13 by nuts 15, and at the other end in the bore 11 by a nut 16 and collar 17.
  • a bearing (not shown) for the bar 14 is provided'in the vane 2 at a point intermediate the rim and the hubfor preventing buckling of the tie bar when it'is loaded in compression.
  • a comparatively slender tie bar can be employed in order to achieve radial resilience between the rim and the hub.
  • the corresponding outer part of the bar may be located in a slot in the vane, the two sides of the slot being faired by thin cover plates 19 to preserve continuity of the vane surface, or alternatively, in a modification of this embodiment shown in FIGS. and 6, if the diameter of the bar necessary for securing the rim 9 becomes excessive for the vane thickness, the outer part 22 of the bar 14 may be flattened in the region of the slot 21 and its diameter through the bridge piece 6 increased to a value corresponding to the larger dimension of the flattened part.
  • the bar 14 can then be introduced into the vane 2 from the outer end 5 through the bridge piece 6 without increasing the diameter of the bore 12 in the thicker inner part of the vane near to a vane flange 20 fixing this vane to the hub 3.
  • Cover plates 19 can then be fixed to the vane after the bar has been introduced.
  • the invention has been described with reference to turbines having fixed blades, it may also be advantageously applied to Kaplan or movable runner vane type turbines, wherein it is required to vary the angle of attack of the vane to the water flow.
  • the vane will rotate about the bar 14 but not be supported by it.
  • the vanes may be located in the hub by any known means used for Kaplan turbines, and will carry loads usual with this type of turbine, namely the hydraulic axial and tangential thrust exerted by the water.
  • the invention is not limited to the exact features of the embodiments hereinbefore described, and that the turbine runner may be provided with any number of vanes.
  • the bars 14 may be pre-tensioned so that when the weight of the rim 9 is applied to a vertical bar, in non-operative conditions, this subtracts from the pre-tension load and instead of producing a compressive stress, merely reduces the tension to a small value.
  • the centrifugal force is applied by the rim to the bar, which in any case reduces the compressive stress. As the rim heats up, further tension is applied which exceeds the compressive stress.
  • a runner for an axial water flow machine including:
  • peripheral drive member disposed circumferentially around the vanes and held axially and circumferentially by the radially extending outer end of each vane, but being movable radially relative to the radially extending outer end of each vane; and a plurality of tie members each connected at one end to the hub and at the other end to the drive member and arranged to locate the drive member radially relative to the hub.
  • each tie member comprises a radially extending tie bar, each tie bar being associated with a respective vane.
  • each tie bar passes through a bore in its respective vane.
  • each vane is rotatable about its tie bar.
  • each tie bar is disposed in a slot in its respective vane.
  • a runner according to claim 5 wherein a fairing is associated with each slot for preserving the contour of the vane.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
US00108535A 1970-01-23 1971-01-21 Axial water flow machines Expired - Lifetime US3756744A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB331870 1970-01-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3756744A true US3756744A (en) 1973-09-04

Family

ID=9756063

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00108535A Expired - Lifetime US3756744A (en) 1970-01-23 1971-01-21 Axial water flow machines

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3756744A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH527366A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2102803C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES387528A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2076890A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1290134A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE353940B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4214852A (en) * 1978-04-20 1980-07-29 General Electric Company Variable turbine vane assembly
ES2064224A2 (es) * 1992-09-22 1995-01-16 Perez Jose Maldonado Dispositivo de propulsion eolica de embarcaciones.
US6402463B2 (en) * 1999-07-16 2002-06-11 General Electric Company Pre-stressed/pre-compressed gas turbine nozzle
US20110280713A1 (en) * 2010-05-11 2011-11-17 Pdm Solar Inc. High Volume Pump having low hydrostatic head
CN103397970A (zh) * 2013-08-16 2013-11-20 重庆同利实业有限公司 水母式水轮机
US20150275845A1 (en) * 2013-01-24 2015-10-01 Voith Patent Gmbh Flow Power Plant

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2921152C2 (de) * 1979-05-25 1982-04-22 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München Rotorblatt für Windkraftwerke
GB2121115A (en) * 1982-06-03 1983-12-14 Rolls Royce Aerofoil vane assembly
DE3306896A1 (de) * 1983-02-26 1984-08-30 MTU Motoren- und Turbinen-Union München GmbH, 8000 München Heissgasbeaufschlagte turbinenschaufel mit metallenem stuetzkern und umgebendem keramischen schaufelblatt
US4915590A (en) * 1987-08-24 1990-04-10 Fayette Manufacturing Corporation Wind turbine blade attachment methods
RU2141575C1 (ru) * 1998-03-31 1999-11-20 Кабардино-Балкарская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия Рабочее колесо осевой гидромашины
RU2207444C2 (ru) * 2001-01-25 2003-06-27 Открытое акционерное общество "ТЯЖМАШ" Способ крепления лопастей поворотно-лопастной гидротурбины

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE303448C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) *
US1270232A (en) * 1917-11-09 1918-06-18 Gen Electric Elastic-fluid turbine.
US1688808A (en) * 1925-12-24 1928-10-23 Gill James Herbert Wainwright Axial-flow hydraulic machine
US1865503A (en) * 1929-01-24 1932-07-05 James Leffel & Company Hydraulic turbine
US2085282A (en) * 1935-05-21 1937-06-29 Axel Paulsen Water wheel and propeller
DE847430C (de) * 1943-04-06 1952-08-25 Voith Gmbh J M Rohrturbinen- oder Rohrpumpenlaufrad
CH296439A (de) * 1951-11-28 1954-02-15 Escher Wyss Ag Laufrad mit Aussenkranz und mindestens drei verstellbaren Schaufeln für mindestens angenähert axial durchströmte Wasserturbinen und Pumpen.
US3047251A (en) * 1960-07-14 1962-07-31 William L Lewis Aerodynamic propulsion unit
US3199773A (en) * 1963-10-14 1965-08-10 Leo M Stirling Contra-flow ventilating apparatus
US3572968A (en) * 1969-04-11 1971-03-30 Gen Electric Turbine bucket cover

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE303448C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) *
US1270232A (en) * 1917-11-09 1918-06-18 Gen Electric Elastic-fluid turbine.
US1688808A (en) * 1925-12-24 1928-10-23 Gill James Herbert Wainwright Axial-flow hydraulic machine
US1865503A (en) * 1929-01-24 1932-07-05 James Leffel & Company Hydraulic turbine
US2085282A (en) * 1935-05-21 1937-06-29 Axel Paulsen Water wheel and propeller
DE847430C (de) * 1943-04-06 1952-08-25 Voith Gmbh J M Rohrturbinen- oder Rohrpumpenlaufrad
CH296439A (de) * 1951-11-28 1954-02-15 Escher Wyss Ag Laufrad mit Aussenkranz und mindestens drei verstellbaren Schaufeln für mindestens angenähert axial durchströmte Wasserturbinen und Pumpen.
US3047251A (en) * 1960-07-14 1962-07-31 William L Lewis Aerodynamic propulsion unit
US3199773A (en) * 1963-10-14 1965-08-10 Leo M Stirling Contra-flow ventilating apparatus
US3572968A (en) * 1969-04-11 1971-03-30 Gen Electric Turbine bucket cover

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4214852A (en) * 1978-04-20 1980-07-29 General Electric Company Variable turbine vane assembly
ES2064224A2 (es) * 1992-09-22 1995-01-16 Perez Jose Maldonado Dispositivo de propulsion eolica de embarcaciones.
US6402463B2 (en) * 1999-07-16 2002-06-11 General Electric Company Pre-stressed/pre-compressed gas turbine nozzle
US20110280713A1 (en) * 2010-05-11 2011-11-17 Pdm Solar Inc. High Volume Pump having low hydrostatic head
US20150275845A1 (en) * 2013-01-24 2015-10-01 Voith Patent Gmbh Flow Power Plant
CN103397970A (zh) * 2013-08-16 2013-11-20 重庆同利实业有限公司 水母式水轮机
CN103397970B (zh) * 2013-08-16 2016-12-28 重庆同利实业有限公司 水母式水轮机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE353940B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-02-19
DE2102803C3 (de) 1979-09-27
GB1290134A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-09-20
CH527366A (fr) 1972-08-31
DE2102803B2 (de) 1979-02-01
DE2102803A1 (de) 1971-07-29
FR2076890A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-10-15
ES387528A1 (es) 1974-01-16

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