Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
  • C10M143/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation containing conjugated diene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
  • C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
  • C08C19/02—Hydrogenation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
  • C08F8/04—Reduction, e.g. hydrogenation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/06—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing conjugated dienes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
  • C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
  • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/086—Imides [having hydrocarbon substituents containing less than thirty carbon atoms]
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
  • C10M2215/26—Amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
  • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2217/046—Polyamines, i.e. macromoleculars obtained by condensation of more than eleven amine monomers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by functionalisation op polymers with a nitrogen containing compound
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
  • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
  • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12

Definitions

• lubricating oils varies with temperature. Since many oils are to be used at Widely divergent temperatures, ranging from, for instance, about 20 C. to about +150 F. (for instance, in automotive engines), it is of paramount importance that the lubricating oil should be able to fulfill its lubricating function over a large temperature range; it should, for example, neither be too viscous at low temperatures nor too thin-flowing at high temperatures.
• lubricating oils for internal combustion engines are classified into two groups on the basis of their viscosity at 18 C. and 99 C., respectively. These groups are the winter grades and the normal grades.
• the normal grades must have a viscosity at 99 C. within a specified range.
• oils complying to a certain winter grade do not comply with the viscosity requirement for any normal grade as well, and, conversely, oils complying to a certain normal grade do not comply with the viscosity requirement for a winter grade.
• Lubricating oils which do in fact comply with the specification of both a winter grade and a normal grade are designated multigrade lubricating oils.
• lubricating oils obtained by conventional processes from mineral oils do not meet multigrade specifications, and hence do not meet the very high demands with respect to viscosity made thereon in modern automotive engines. For this reason many compounds have been proposed which, when added to a lubricating oil, improve the viscosity properties thereof. These compounds, which in most cases are polymeric compounds, are called viscosity index- (VI) improvers.
• VI viscosity index-
• a compound In order to be a good VI-improver, a compound must not only have a beneficial influence on the viscosity properties of a fresh lubricating oil, but it must remain stable in order to perform its function under engine operating conditions. Therefore, a good VI-improver must be shearstable as well as resistant to high temperatures, oxygen and acids. Furthermore, a VI-improver should have a beneficial influence on the pour point of the lubricating oil into which it is incorporated; at the least, it should not have a disturbing influence on the function of pourpoint depressants.
• the invention therefore relates to a lubricant composition
• a lubricant composition comprising therefor a minor proportion (01-15% viscosity improver therefor a minor proportion (OJ-15% wt.) of a hydrogenated random copolymerwith a number average molecular weight between about 5000-500,- 000 of a C conjugated diene and a styrene in which the conjugated diene and/or the styrene contain at least one lower (C alkyl substituent with at least 50% of the olefinically unsaturated bonds originally present saturated.
• the random copolymers may comprise units derived from more than one conjugated diene and/or more than one vinylaromatic compound and/or units derived from other types of monomers. That is, they may contain, for example, butadiene or isoprene and/or mixtures thereof and styrene or an alkylated styrene such as butylated styrene and/ or mixtures thereof.
• Adrobageous conjugated dienes are piperylene, 2,3- dimethylbutadiene, isoprene and butadiene, the last two being preferred.
• mixtures of conjugated dienes e.g., butadiene and isoprene, are also advantageous.
• Butadiene must only be used as the only conjugated diene with a vinylaromatic compound when the vinylaromatic compound contains at least one alkyl substituent.
• the vinylaromatic compound according to the invention is styrene or an alkylated styrene.
• the alkyl group in the alkylated styrene may be attached to the alpha-carbon atom of the styrene (as, for instance, in alpha-methylstyrene) or to the aromatic ring (as, for instance, in o-, mor p-methylstyrene, tert-butylstyrene).
• Styrene and tertbutylstyrene are preferred.
• Mixtuers of vinylaromatic compounds, e.g., of styrene and tert-butylstyrene are also used. Styrene must only be used as the only vinylaromatic compound for copolymerization with a conjugated diene when the conjugated diene contains at least one alkyl substituent.
• the molar ratio between the conjugated diene and the vinylaromatic compound may vary between wide limits, but it is essential that the copolymer, after hydrogenation, should be soluble in the lubricant in which it is to be incorporated. This limits the amount of the vinylaromatic compound which can be incorporated into the copolymer; since the solubility depends on the structure of the vinylaromatic compound incorporated in the copolymer, the amount which can be tolerated in the copolymer may vary between 70% 111. when the vinylaromatic compound entirely consists of styrene to 99% m.
• the vinylaromatic compound contains alkyl chains with sufiicient oil-solubilizing properties (e.g., p-tert-butylstyrene).
• Copolymers with ratios of the number of units originating from the vinylaromatic monomer to the number of units originating from the conjugated diene between 1 to 99 and to 10, in particular between 5 to and 85 to 15, and more in particular between 30 to 70 and 75 to 25, are very suitable.
• copolymers may be incorporated into the copolymers during copolymerization.
• vinylpyridines alkyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid (e.g., methyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, octadecyl methacrylate), vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl esters of carboxylic acids( e.g., vinyl acetate, vinyl stearate)
• the random hydrogenated copolymers of the invention are conveniently prepared by copolymerization of a conjugated diene and a vinyl-aromatic hydrocarbon in emulsion.
• the copolymerization is carried out in solution with the aid of an alkali metal or an alkalimetal hydrocarbon (e.g., sodium naphthalene) as a catalyst, preferably with the aid of lithium metal or a lithium hydrocarbon as a catalyst.
• an alkali metal or an alkalimetal hydrocarbon e.g., sodium naphthalene
• Sec-butyllithium is a preferred catalyst and di(-alkali metal) hydrocarbons such as dilithium hydrocarbons are also useful.
• Suitable solvents which are inert under the conditions prevailing during the copolymerization are aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, 2-ethylhexane, nonane, decane, cyclic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, or aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, the xylenes, diethylbenzenes, propylbenzenes. Mixtures of these hydrocarbons can also be used.
• aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, 2-ethylhexane, nonane, decane
• cyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane
• aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene
• the most reactive monomer is added gradually during copolymerization, in such a manner that the molar ratio of the monomers present in the polymerizing mixture is kept constant. It is also possible to so add a mixture of the monomers to the polymerizing mixture.
• Randomizers are polar compounds which do not inactivate the catalyst and which bring about a tendency to random copolymerization.
• Suitable randomizers are tertiary amines, such as trimethylamine, dimethylethylamine, tri-n-butylamine, dimethylaniline, pyridine, quinoline, N-ethylpiperidine, N- methylmorpholine, thioethers, such as diethyl sulfide, dinpropyl sulfide, methyl ethyl sulfide and in particular ethers, such as dimethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, di-nbutyl ether, di-octyl ether, di-benzyl ether, anisole, 1,2-dimethyloxyethane, and in particular tetrahydrofuran or diethyl ether.
• the amount of randomizer to be used varies between wide limits; for instance, from 0.05 to 50% wt., preferably from 0.05 to Wt. of the total solvent.
• the remainder of the solvent mixture consists of one or more aliphatic and/or aromatic hydrocarbons as described above.
• the polymerization can be carried out under any pressure, but since it is desirable to maintain the monomers and the solvent substantially in the liquid phase, generally the pressure applied is that least amount suflicient to keep the monomers and the solvent in the liquid state.
• the pressure thus will depend on the temperature of the copolymerization and on the types of monomers and solvent components used. If desired, higher pressures can be used.
• the number average molecular weight of the random copolymers according to the invention is between 5000 and 500,000, preferably between 40,000 and 150,000.
• the molecular weight is regulated by the ratio between the number of moles of catalyst and the number of moles of monomers present during polymerization.
• the number of units originating from the monomers in a polymer molecule is substantially equal to the ratio between the number of moles of monomer and the number of moles of catalyst (in case each catalyst molecule, e.g., butyllithium, contains one alkali-metal atom) present during polymerization, provided that no contaminants which give rise to side reactions with the catalyst, such as oxygen, water, carbon dioxide, are present.
• the polymer is hydrogenated.
• the catalyst is inactivated before hydrogenation and, if desired, the polymer recovered.
• the catalyst can be inactivated by addition of any of several compounds which react with the catalyst to inactivate it, for instance, compounds with an active hydrogen atom, such as alcohols (e.g., methanol, ethanol and isopropanol) and carboxylic acids (e.g., acetic acid).
• compounds with an active hydrogen atom such as alcohols (e.g., methanol, ethanol and isopropanol) and carboxylic acids (e.g., acetic acid).
• the copolymer can be recovered in any desired way, for example, by precipitation accomplished by addition of relatively large amounts of non-solvents for the copolymer such as an alcohol, e.g., methanol, ethanol or isopropanol.
• non-solvents for the copolymer such as an alcohol, e.g., methanol, ethanol or isopropanol.
• the copolymer is generally not recovered, but kept dissolved and hydrogenated in the solvent in which it was prepared.
• the hydrogenation may be complete, i.e., all olefinic double bonds and all aromatic rings are saturated, or it may be only partial. In the latter case part or both or part of one of the two types of unsaturation (viz, olefinically unsaturated bonds and aromatic rings) may be saturated.
• At least 50% of the olefinically unsaturated bonds originally present in the random copolymer are saturated in the hydrogenated random copolymer to be used in lubricant compositions according to the invention.
• Hydrogenated random copolymers wherein more than of the olefinically unsaturated bonds originally present in the random copolymers are saturated are also very suitable. It is also preferred that less than 10%, in particular less than 5%, of the aromatic unsaturation originally present in the random copolymer is saturated in the hydrogenated random copolymer. Hydrogenated random copolymers in which virtually none of the aromatic rings have been saturated during hydrogenation are very suitable.
• the hydrogenation can be carried out in any desired way with any desired hydrogenation catalyst; for instance, copper or molybdenum compounds.
• Catalysts containing noble metals or noble-metal compounds can very suitably be used as hydrogenation catalysts.
• catalysts containing a non-noble metal or a compound of Group VIII of the Periodic Table, viz, iron, cobalt and in particular nickel are used, e.g., Raney nickel and nickel on kieselguhr.
• hydrogenation catalysts obtained by causing metal hydrocarbyl compounds to react with organic compounds of any one of the Group VHI metals, iron, cobalt or nickel, the latter compounds containing at least one organic radical attached to the metal atom by means of an oxygen atom.
• hydrogenation catalysts obtained by causing an aluminum trialkyl (e.g., aluminum triethyl or aluminum triisobutyl) to react with a nickel salt of an organic acid (e.g., nickel diisopropyl salicylate, nickel naphthenate, nickel 2-ethyl hexanoate, nickel di-tert-butyl benzoate, nickel salts of saturated monocarboxylic acids obtained by reaction of olefins having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms in the molecule with carbon monoxide and water in the presence of acid catalysts), or with nickel enolates or phenolates (e.g., nickel acetonylacetonate, the nickel salt of butyrylacetophenone).
• an aluminum trialkyl e.g., aluminum triethyl or aluminum triisobutyl
• a nickel salt of an organic acid e.g., nickel diisopropyl salicylate, nickel naphthenate, nickel 2-ethyl he
• the hydrogenation of the copolymer is most suitably carried out in solution in a solvent which is inert during the hydrogenation reaction.
• Saturated hydrocarbons and mixtures of saturated hydrocarbons and tertiary amines or ethers are very suitable, and as, discussed above, it is advantageous to carry out the hydrogenation in the same solvent in which the copolymerization took place.
• Partly or totally hydrogenated random copolymers of the conjugated diene and styrene containing an alkyl substituent attached to the ring and/or styrene with a molecular weight of about 50%-500,000 are novel compounds especially suited to the lubricant compositions of the invention; for example, random copolymers of 1,3-butadiene. and p-tert-b-utylstyrene and of l,3-butadiene, p-tert-butylstyrene and styrene in which at least 50% of the olefinically unsaturated double bonds originally present have been saturated.
• the lubricant into which the hydrogenated random copolymer according to the invention is to be incorporated 6 may comprise a synthetic lubricating oil, such as an ester 2-ethyl hexanoate in cyclohexane and 5 m1. of a 0.2 oil, or preferably a mineral lubricating oil, prepared from molar solution of aluminum triethyl in cyclohexane was a crude mineral oil by known processes, such as distillaprepared at 40 C. and stirred for minutes. This mixtion, extraction, deasphalting, dewaxing, hydrofining, poture was added to the autoclave, which was subsequently lymerization, hydrocracking and the like.
• a synthetic lubricating oil such as an ester 2-ethyl hexanoate in cyclohexane and 5 m1.
• a 0.2 oil, or preferably a mineral lubricating oil prepared from molar solution of aluminum triethyl in cyclo
• the extent may also comprise fatty oils.
• the hydrogenated random of the hydrogenation was determined by ozone titration copolymers according to the invention can also be inof samples of the mixture. At the end of the hydrogenacorporated into greases, distillate and residual fuels and tion the pressure was released and the catalyst inactivated. crude oils. by addition of a mixture of aqueous hydrochloric acid The concentration of the hydrogenated random co- 10 and methanol. The organic layer was washed with water polymers in the lubricant may vary between wide limits. till neutral and dried and the polymer recovered. Concentrations from 0.1 to wt.
• detergents e .g., calcium petroviscosity at 1 c: determined according to ASTM D leum sulfonates; polyammes containing a hydrocarbon 2602 method cham wlth at least 50 P g P as F g
• the shear stability of the formulations was investigated butenyl'te traethylenepen't21mins an rezfctlon 5 by pressing each oil 30 times through a diesel injector 3 1 9 7 fi -g1" t g lf l i an f under a pressure of 190 atmospheres at room temperature
• Succmlc an Y n e In W t e a Y group con mm a at a rate of 250 ml.
• the diesel injector for least carbon atoms); E.P. additives, such as zinc dithis test is by Kurt Orbahn of Hamburg, Appamt Zu alkyl dlthiop o p P -P depressanfs Such as Beêt der Scherfesttechnik von Mineralolen.
• a lubricant composition comprising a major proportion of a lubricating oil and as viscosity improver therefor 01-15% wt. of a hydrogenated organolithium-initiated solution polymerized random copolymer of a C conjugated diene and styrene in which the diene and/or the styrene contains at least one lower alkyl substituent, said copolymer having a number average molecular weight between about 40,000 and 150,000 and having at least 95% of the olefinically unsaturated bonds originally present saturated.
• composition of claim 1 in which less than 5% of the aromatic unsaturation originally present is saturated.
• composition according to claim 1 in which the conjugated diene is selected from the group of butadiene,
• composition according to claim 3 in which the diene is butadiene and the alkylated styrene is paratertiary-butylstyrene.
• composition of claim 4 in which the diene is butadiene, and the sytrene is para-tertiary-butylstyrene and styrene.
• composition according to claim 1 in which the lubricating oil is a mineral lubricating oil.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)
• Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

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• 0
  • GB GB3179870*[A patent/GB1355341A/en not_active Expired
• 1971
  • 1971-06-22 US US00155634A patent/US3752767A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1971-06-23 BE BE768884A patent/BE768884A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1971-06-29 FR FR7123671A patent/FR2097102B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1971-06-29 CA CA116,997A patent/CA994494A/en not_active Expired
  • 1971-06-29 NL NLAANVRAGE7108945,A patent/NL172461C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1971-06-29 SE SE08355/71A patent/SE368415B/xx unknown
  • 1971-06-29 DE DE2132336A patent/DE2132336C2/de not_active Expired

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