US3751005A - Powdered metal valve plate assembly - Google Patents

Powdered metal valve plate assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
US3751005A
US3751005A US3751005DA US3751005A US 3751005 A US3751005 A US 3751005A US 3751005D A US3751005D A US 3751005DA US 3751005 A US3751005 A US 3751005A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
valve plate
areas
valve
plate
impervious
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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English (en)
Inventor
R Early
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Westinghouse Electric Corp
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Westinghouse Electric Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by Westinghouse Electric Corp filed Critical Westinghouse Electric Corp
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Publication of US3751005A publication Critical patent/US3751005A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K27/00—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7837—Direct response valves [i.e., check valve type]
    • Y10T137/7838—Plural
    • Y10T137/7839—Dividing and recombining in a single flow path
    • Y10T137/784—Integral resilient member forms plural valves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49405—Valve or choke making
    • Y10T29/49412—Valve or choke making with assembly, disassembly or composite article making

Definitions

  • both sides of the valve plate include inwardly relieved surfaces and generally planar outwardly disposed sur faces.
  • the outwardly disposed surfaces are ground flat for properly seating gasketing material thereon.
  • Cited gasketing material maintains the machined area imper- UNITED STATES PATENTS vious, while the inwardly disposed surfaces have an outer impervious layer formed by subjecting the valve .n s r e e m t a .l 5 3 om .m m l ad C mm e w 00 0.
  • the invention relates to powdered metal articles and, more specifically, relates to sintered iron valve plates usable in compressors or the like.
  • valve plates have been formed by the compacting of, for example, iron powder in a mold or press. The formed plates were then sintered in a controlled atmosphere furnace and then given a steam oxide treatment which hardened the plates and, to a limited-depth, sealed the plates to prevent leakage by filling the pores with oxide particles. Unfortunately, the density of oxide decreased rapidly as one went from the exterior to the interior of the plates.
  • valve plates subsequent requisite machining of the valve plates in order to provide a smooth surface for the proper seating of gaskets thereon and to provide smooth and flat surfaces for the mounting of intake or discharge valves tended to remove the layer comprising the oxide seal, resulting in the machined surfaces becoming generally porous and thereby providing an area of leakage through the valve plates. Since oxide particle coating of a valve plate could not be obtained having a sufficient depth and uniformity of coating, larger size, powdered metal valve plates were not acceptable for use in compressors or the like having a fairly high dishcarge pressure.
  • the invention comprises a powdered metal valve plate which can be utilized, advantageously, in a compressor or the like with little chance of compressed gas seeping through the valve plate so as to reduce the efficiency of the compressor.
  • the valve plate comprises a powdered metal (iron powder) (MPIF Spec. No. FN-0208-S less copper) matrix which has been compressed in a mold in a press and formed into a valve plate shape and then sintered in a controlled atmosphere furnace so as to provide a compacted, cohesive member.
  • the valve plate Upon completion of the sintering operation, the valve plate is given a steam oxide treatment in another furnace and then air quenched.
  • the steam oxide treatment hardens the valve plate and seals the surfaces of the plate to provide a substantially impervious layer by filling the pores adjacent the surfacesof the plate with oxide particles.
  • the amount of iron oxide particles present decreases rapidly as one goes towards the interior of the valve plate.
  • valve plate of the present invention is provided, in the molded state, with depressed areas or inwardly inset surfaces in that portion of the valve plate which do not require flattened surfaces for seating of the gasketing material and/or valve arrangement.
  • valve plate is then machined in the areas required to be flat for facing engagement the with a gasket raised surface has sufficient thickness in these areas so that the machining, i.e., grinding in the instant case, may be completed without contacting the oxide particle coating occurring in the inwardly disposed impervious areas of the valve plate.
  • valve plate Upon completion, grinding of the valve plate is ready to receive discharge and inlet valves and the requisite gasketing that mounts with the valve plate sealably to a compressor cylinder and head assembly.
  • the gasketing is of such extent and area so as to substantially cover the entire ground surface at least on the cylinder head side of the valve plate except for a limited area where the discharge valve is mounted.
  • the machined surface of the valve plate facing the cylinder side is covered by the inlet valve which maintains this machined surface substantially impervious.
  • a combination of adjacent abutting surfaces, i.e., gasketing and valves, on the machined surfaces of the valve plate and inwardly disposed unmachined surface is provided to limit the escape of high pressure gases through the valve plate. Then, any leakage that might occur is of such insignificant magnitude so as to not reduce the compressor efficiency to any significant degree.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of the valve plate taken from the compressor cylinder head side;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of the valve plate taken substantially on line II-II of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view taken in a similar manner as FIG. I, but showing the cylinder head gasket and discharge valve disposed on the valve plate;
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of the valve plate taken from the cylinder side
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view of the valve plate, intake valve and cylinder gasket taken from the cylinder side;
  • FIG. 6 is a cross sectional view taken generally on the line VI--VI of FIG. 3 but showing partially the arrangement of the valve plate in assembled condition with the compressor with which it is used.
  • valve plate 10 is provided which is formed out of a metal powder such as powdered iron.
  • the process utilized to obtain the valve plate 10 comprises first forming the valve plate 10 by compacting iron powder in a mold in a press. The formed plate is then sintered in a controlled atmosphere furnace and the valve plate 10 then given a steam oxide treatment in another furnace and air quenched.
  • the process of formation of the powdered metal valve plate 10 is considered conventional so no further reference will be given thereto, it being sufficient to state that the steam oxide treatment hardens the valve plate and fills the pores adjacent the surfaes of the with oxide particles to prevent leakage through the plate the.
  • the oxide particles sealing the outer surfaces decrease rapidly in density as one moves toward the interior of the valve plate 10 so that the interior of the valve plate 10 is permeable in nature.
  • a cylinder head side 12 of valve plate 10 (FIGS. 1 and 3) is provided with a pair of depressed, inset surfaces 14 and 16 which, due to their formation during the molding step of the formation of the valve plate 10, have a coating 18 that is oxide particle impregnated and therefore substantially impermeable and gas tight.
  • the depressed surface 14 is inset relative to a general overall planar outer surface 11 of the cylinder head side 12 of valve plate 10 and is substantially square in configuration, having sides joined together by rounded corners and a taper 19 extending from the surface 11 to the surface 14 so as to provide a smooth transition from the outer surface 11 to the depressed surface 14.
  • the inset surfaces 14 and 16 are located on the cylinder head side 12 of valve plate 10 which is partially covered by a relatively impermeable cylinder head gasket 30. Subadjacent the gasket and encompassing the remaining surface l2 and forming the outer planar surface 11 is a ground surface 32 which has been machined to a flattened condition to accommodate the gasket an the mounting of a discharge valve 34 which will be described in greater detail later.
  • Valve plate 10 includes a pair of bores 36, 36 therethrough which form the discharge ports for the valve plate 10.
  • the bores 36, 36 are situated to open in the recessed surface 16 and located substantially centrally relative a center line (not shown) extending through the valve plate 10. These bores form the means for the passage of discharge gases outwardly through the valve plate 10.
  • Valve plate 10 also includes a pair of bores 38, 38 that form the inlet ports for valve plate 10.
  • the bores 38, 38 are located to open in the area of the inset surface 14 adjacent the two inner comers thereof so as to provide a compact relationship between the discharge and inlet ports of the valve 10.
  • valve plate 10 A series of four bores 40, 40, 40 and 40 are also provided adjacent the corners of valve plate 10 to provide a mounting means for the mounting if this valve plate in its final assembly. Bolts (not shown) may conveniently pass through these bores and attach the valve plate 10 to the cylinder casting of the compressor.
  • Valve plate 10 also includes a pair of stepped bores 42, 42, opening at surface 32 which serve as a mounting means for discharge valve 34.
  • the valve plate 10 includes an obverse side 44 (FIG. 4) that includes an inwardly disposed, recessed or inset surface 46 formed when valve plate 10 was originally processed from powdered iron.
  • Inset surface 46 thereby includes a portion of the coating 18 which is substantially impermeable to the passage of gas therethrough.
  • the inlet ports formed by bores 38, 38 open to the side 44 at the surface 46, with this surface having the general Configuration of a rounded corner rectangle of slightly greater width and length than the area encompassed by the bores 38, 38.
  • the remainder of obverse side 44 is machined flat to provide a flattened surface which is outwardly disposed relative to the inset surface 46 so that no coating 18 is present on this part of the surface of obverse side 44.
  • a thin metal plate 48 having a center portion 49 capable of flexing inwardly and outwardly and serving as the reed valve or element for sealing over 38, 38 is disposed against the side 44 of valve plate 10.
  • the thin plate 48 is of substantially the same outer dimensions as the valve plate 10 and extends over nearly the entire flattened surface 50 save for a cutout 51 that separates the main body of thin plate 48 from center portion 49.
  • the thin plate 48 since the thin plate 48 is held tightly against the valve plate 10, it serves as a gasketing means (at least in the sense of functioning as a barrier to the passage of gas through a major portion of flattened surface 50), for valve plate 10.
  • each of the bores 36, 36 each include an extension 60 placing the termination of its bore 36 at the same level as the ground, flattened surface 32.
  • each of the bores 36 is provided with a smooth and flat ground seating surface for the seating of the discharge valve 34 utilized therewith.
  • the bores 38, 38 are each provided with extension 62 that places the termination of the bores 38, 38 at the same level as machined surface 50 so that the extensions 62 provide a smooth, ground seating surface for the intake valve formed by center portion 49 of thin plate 48.
  • valve plate 10 is illustrated in an assembled relationship with the cylinder 56 with which it is utilized it can be seen that a pair of thin plate type discharge reed valve or elements 64, 64 are mounted over the bores 36, 36. These elements or reeds are spring biased by their own inherent resiliency into a sealing relationship with the termination of the extensions 60, 60.
  • the discharge reeds 64, 64 are limited in their outward movement by means of a valve stop 66, substantially rigid and fixed relative to the valve plate so that movement of the reed valve 64, 64 outwardly causes abutment of them with the valve stop 66.
  • the cylinder head gasket 30 is mounted with valve plate 10 when the valve plate 10 is in final assembled condition, with the head gasket 30 being disposed between the valve plate 10 and a cylinder head 70 (only partially shown) of the compressor 58 with which the valve plate 10 may be advantageously utilized.
  • the thin plate member 48 Disposed below and seated on the obverse side 44 of valve plate 10 is the thin plate member 48 which permits the entrance of gases to the compressor 64.
  • the conventional gasket 52 Disposed below this plate 13 the conventional gasket 52 which seals the compressor cylinder 56 relative to the plate member 48 and valve plate 10.
  • a cutout 72 on the wall of cylinder 56 of the compressor 58 permits thereed valve 49 to move inwardly relative to the cylinder 56 so that the suction stroke of a piston 74 causes the reed valve 49 to deflect inwardly relative to the cylinder 56. This permits the passage of uncompressed gas into compressor 58.
  • the reed valve 49 moves back to the position illustrated in FIG. 6 and seals over the bores 38 to prevent a flow of compressed gas from flowing outwardly of the compressor at this point.
  • valve plate 10 The flow path for unwanted gas leakage through the valve plate 10 is almost completely prevented by the arrangement described. Since the recessed surfaces and gasket means (including the thin plate 48) substantially overlap relative to one another going from one side to the other of the valve plate 10, nearly all leakage gas must take a tortuous path to escape through the valve plate. Thus, a substantially gas tight sintered metal valve plate assemblage is provided for use with a compressor or the like.
  • a substantially impervious sintered metal valve plate and sealing means assembly for preventing the leakage of high pressure gas through said valve plate; said valve plate having opposing generally planar surfaces which include at least first and second areas, said first areas being distinct from said second areas by defining a generally planar machined surface for facing engagement with said sealing means substantially preventing the passage of gas through said first areas; said second areas being depressed from the plane of said first areas and having a gas-impervious surface layer, said second areas including substantially all of said opposing surface not in facing engagement with said sealing means whereby, the assembled plate and sealing means is substantially gas-impervious.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Check Valves (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
US3751005D 1971-11-30 1971-11-30 Powdered metal valve plate assembly Expired - Lifetime US3751005A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US20329971A 1971-11-30 1971-11-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3751005A true US3751005A (en) 1973-08-07

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US3751005D Expired - Lifetime US3751005A (en) 1971-11-30 1971-11-30 Powdered metal valve plate assembly

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US3751005A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
JP (1) JPS5127485B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
AU (1) AU461754B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
CA (1) CA951286A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3883114A (en) * 1973-03-26 1975-05-13 Rexnord Inc Valve body
US3911546A (en) * 1974-06-28 1975-10-14 Black & Decker Mfg Co Method of forming head member having integral valve seats for reed valve
US4325680A (en) * 1980-01-23 1982-04-20 Necchi Societa Per Azioni Valve system for encapsulated motor-compressor units
EP0077895A1 (de) * 1981-09-04 1983-05-04 WABCO Westinghouse Fahrzeugbremsen GmbH Ventilplatte für Verdichter
GB2163834A (en) * 1984-08-29 1986-03-05 Dowty Boulton Paul Ltd Fluid valve means and method of manufacture
WO1994023189A1 (en) * 1993-03-30 1994-10-13 Murray United Development Corporation Rotary internal combustion engine
US5857839A (en) * 1993-08-10 1999-01-12 Sanden Corporation Compressor having noise and vibration reducing reed valve
WO2003040563A1 (en) * 2001-11-09 2003-05-15 Lg Electronics Inc. Discharge valve and compressor using the same
US6767193B2 (en) * 2001-05-01 2004-07-27 Calsonic Kansei Corporation Piston type compressor
US20050001387A1 (en) * 2002-03-29 2005-01-06 Katsunori Matsuki Gasket
US20060024516A1 (en) * 2004-07-29 2006-02-02 Caterpillar Inc. Steam oxidation of powder metal parts
US20070196217A1 (en) * 2006-02-21 2007-08-23 Danfoss Compressors Gmbh Cylinder head arrangement for a piston compressor
US20070221274A1 (en) * 2006-03-27 2007-09-27 Danfoss Compressors Gmbh Valve plate for a reciprocating compressor
US20080277008A1 (en) * 2001-10-05 2008-11-13 Carrier Corporation Multi-port suction reed vavle with optimized tips
US20110103937A1 (en) * 2008-05-08 2011-05-05 Ribas Jfernando Antonio Jr Discharge valve arrangement for a hermetic compressor
US20130084201A1 (en) * 2011-09-29 2013-04-04 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Compressor
US9644625B2 (en) 2010-12-08 2017-05-09 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Compressor
DE102021121592A1 (de) 2021-08-19 2023-02-23 Fbz Gmbh Geräuscharmer Kolbenkompressor

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS51115308A (en) * 1975-04-03 1976-10-09 Mitsubishi Metal Corp Sintered valve seat plate used for refrigeration compressor
JPS62190175U (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * 1986-05-26 1987-12-03
JPS6343074A (ja) * 1986-08-07 1988-02-24 Arai Pump Mfg Co Ltd 樹脂リ−ド弁の製造方法
BRPI1105143B1 (pt) * 2011-12-15 2021-07-27 Embraco Indústria De Compressores E Soluções Em Refrigeração Ltda Conjunto de válvulas de sucção para compressor alternativo

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1780121A (en) * 1926-12-03 1930-10-28 Kulair Corp Valve mechanism for pumps
US2402950A (en) * 1943-04-13 1946-07-02 Merlyn M Culver Molded part and method of forming same
US2752943A (en) * 1952-09-15 1956-07-03 American Motors Corp Refrigerating apparatus
US2974682A (en) * 1959-06-11 1961-03-14 Internat Heater Company Reversing valve for heat pumps
US3123096A (en) * 1964-03-03 Oxygen compressor feather valve
US3200838A (en) * 1962-12-31 1965-08-17 Mcculloch Corp Reed valves
US3370786A (en) * 1966-04-19 1968-02-27 Ingersoll Rand Co Multifinger dual valve
US3583672A (en) * 1968-12-10 1971-06-08 Federal Mogul Corp Composite high-temperature valve and method of making the same
US3683965A (en) * 1970-04-08 1972-08-15 Materials Technology Corp Adjustable choke valve

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3123096A (en) * 1964-03-03 Oxygen compressor feather valve
US1780121A (en) * 1926-12-03 1930-10-28 Kulair Corp Valve mechanism for pumps
US2402950A (en) * 1943-04-13 1946-07-02 Merlyn M Culver Molded part and method of forming same
US2752943A (en) * 1952-09-15 1956-07-03 American Motors Corp Refrigerating apparatus
US2974682A (en) * 1959-06-11 1961-03-14 Internat Heater Company Reversing valve for heat pumps
US3200838A (en) * 1962-12-31 1965-08-17 Mcculloch Corp Reed valves
US3370786A (en) * 1966-04-19 1968-02-27 Ingersoll Rand Co Multifinger dual valve
US3583672A (en) * 1968-12-10 1971-06-08 Federal Mogul Corp Composite high-temperature valve and method of making the same
US3683965A (en) * 1970-04-08 1972-08-15 Materials Technology Corp Adjustable choke valve

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3883114A (en) * 1973-03-26 1975-05-13 Rexnord Inc Valve body
US3911546A (en) * 1974-06-28 1975-10-14 Black & Decker Mfg Co Method of forming head member having integral valve seats for reed valve
US4325680A (en) * 1980-01-23 1982-04-20 Necchi Societa Per Azioni Valve system for encapsulated motor-compressor units
EP0077895A1 (de) * 1981-09-04 1983-05-04 WABCO Westinghouse Fahrzeugbremsen GmbH Ventilplatte für Verdichter
GB2163834A (en) * 1984-08-29 1986-03-05 Dowty Boulton Paul Ltd Fluid valve means and method of manufacture
WO1994023189A1 (en) * 1993-03-30 1994-10-13 Murray United Development Corporation Rotary internal combustion engine
US5857839A (en) * 1993-08-10 1999-01-12 Sanden Corporation Compressor having noise and vibration reducing reed valve
US6767193B2 (en) * 2001-05-01 2004-07-27 Calsonic Kansei Corporation Piston type compressor
US7850437B2 (en) 2001-10-05 2010-12-14 Carrier Corporation Multi-port suction reed valve with optimized tips
US20080277008A1 (en) * 2001-10-05 2008-11-13 Carrier Corporation Multi-port suction reed vavle with optimized tips
WO2003040563A1 (en) * 2001-11-09 2003-05-15 Lg Electronics Inc. Discharge valve and compressor using the same
US20060175764A1 (en) * 2002-03-29 2006-08-10 Katsunori Matsuki Gasket
US20050001387A1 (en) * 2002-03-29 2005-01-06 Katsunori Matsuki Gasket
US20070246896A1 (en) * 2002-03-29 2007-10-25 Katsunori Matsuki Gasket
US20060024516A1 (en) * 2004-07-29 2006-02-02 Caterpillar Inc. Steam oxidation of powder metal parts
US7520940B2 (en) * 2004-07-29 2009-04-21 Caterpillar Inc. Steam oxidation of powder metal parts
US20070196217A1 (en) * 2006-02-21 2007-08-23 Danfoss Compressors Gmbh Cylinder head arrangement for a piston compressor
CN103696949B (zh) * 2006-02-21 2017-04-26 思科普有限责任公司 活塞式压缩机的气缸盖装置
US20070221274A1 (en) * 2006-03-27 2007-09-27 Danfoss Compressors Gmbh Valve plate for a reciprocating compressor
DE102006016253A1 (de) 2006-03-31 2007-10-04 Danfoss Compressors Gmbh Ventilplatte für einen Hubkolbenverdichter
DE102006016253B4 (de) 2006-03-31 2018-03-01 Secop Gmbh Ventilplatte für einen Hubkolbenverdichter
US20110103937A1 (en) * 2008-05-08 2011-05-05 Ribas Jfernando Antonio Jr Discharge valve arrangement for a hermetic compressor
US9644625B2 (en) 2010-12-08 2017-05-09 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Compressor
DE112011104324B4 (de) * 2010-12-08 2019-01-17 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Kompressor
US20130084201A1 (en) * 2011-09-29 2013-04-04 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Compressor
US9243621B2 (en) * 2011-09-29 2016-01-26 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Compressor having suction reed valve and valve plate arrangement
DE102021121592A1 (de) 2021-08-19 2023-02-23 Fbz Gmbh Geräuscharmer Kolbenkompressor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4864526A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1973-09-06
JPS5127485B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1976-08-13
AU461754B2 (en) 1975-06-05
AU4805572A (en) 1974-04-26
CA951286A (en) 1974-07-16

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