US3746976A - Self-cleaning aperture tube for coulter study apparatus - Google Patents
Self-cleaning aperture tube for coulter study apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3746976A US3746976A US00131923A US3746976DA US3746976A US 3746976 A US3746976 A US 3746976A US 00131923 A US00131923 A US 00131923A US 3746976D A US3746976D A US 3746976DA US 3746976 A US3746976 A US 3746976A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- liquid
- aperture
- container
- orifice
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000006194 liquid suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/1031—Investigating individual particles by measuring electrical or magnetic effects
- G01N15/12—Investigating individual particles by measuring electrical or magnetic effects by observing changes in resistance or impedance across apertures when traversed by individual particles, e.g. by using the Coulter principle
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/1031—Investigating individual particles by measuring electrical or magnetic effects
- G01N15/12—Investigating individual particles by measuring electrical or magnetic effects by observing changes in resistance or impedance across apertures when traversed by individual particles, e.g. by using the Coulter principle
- G01N15/13—Details pertaining to apertures
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to the art of studying the physical properties of particles carried in suspension and more particularly is concerned with improved apparatus for obtaining signals from particles passing through a scanning aperture without extraneous interference from other particles.
- One of the objects of the invention disclosed in the Related Patent was to provide an aperture tube which is self-cleaning in that the suspension in the immediate vicinity of the aperture is kept free of extraneous particles.
- eddy currents of fluid in the aperture tube at the downstream end of the primary bore occurred, and these eddy currents swirled into the secondary bore immediately adjacent the primary bore. It was believed that the fluid would be stagnant liquid substantially devoid of particles, hence not introducing appreciable extraneous signals, but while this was largely true, the action was not sufficiently perfect to satisfy the more critical demands of today's technology. A small percentage of particles were not caught by the orifice in the elongate neck of the second chamber and these sometimes produced extraneous signals by virtue of the eddy currents at the bottom of the central chamber of the aperture tube.
- the present invention provides a selfcleaning aperture tube as disclosed in the related patent, with the addition of a pump device interposed between the first and second chambers to produce a closed system in which there are no inlets or outlets other than the primary bore in the first chamber.
- the pump operates to draw the particle suspension up through the second chamber and force the same back into the first chamber, completing a circuit around this path and creating a sheath flow at the orifice.
- the flow created by the pump is such as to ensure that all particles introduced into the aperture tube are caught by the orifice of the second chamber so as to prevent the occurrence of extraneous signals.
- the primary object of the invention is to provide an improved structure which ensures that all particles passing through the primary bore are caught by the orifice provided in the second chamber of the aperture tube.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view through the apparatus of the Related Patent, with the pump device and related elements of the invention illustrated in diagrammatic form.
- FIG. 2 is a fragmentary enlarged sectional view through the apparatus in the vicinity of the aperture.
- FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view of a device operating in connection with the manometer-syphon having the improved invention associated therewith.
- a multiple chamber aperture tube or vessel 14 comprising a first or central chamber 32 and a second chamber 34 is suspended within a vessel 10.
- the suspension 16 in vessel 10 will flow through the aperture 12 and will, ideally, shoot directly into the orifice 40 and into the neck 36, to be carried thereafter along through chamber 34, conduit 46, coupling 48, outlet conduit 50 and up branch 52.
- the suspension would then continue to discharge conduit 58 by way of passage 54 of stop-cock 56.
- the apparatus of the invention includes apump and associated elements designated'generally by the reference numeral 6, which elements have been interposed between the two chambers 32, 34.
- a pair of T junctions 7, 8 have been spliced into branch 52 and conduit 62, respectively, so as to introduce the elements .6 into the flow system represented by the solid line arrows throughout the aperture tube 14.
- a conduit 2 leads through a filter 4 into pump 1 from junction 7, and conduit 3 leads out of pump 1 into junction 8.
- pump 1 ensures that all particles in suspension 16 are caught by the orifice 40 as they pass through aperture 12.
- the added flow of clean suspension fluid indicated by arrows in FIG. 2, serves further to sweep the region of secondary bore 22 free of all particles which are extraneous to those on which the sensing operation is performed.
- the sheath flow 5 will be of proper strength to ensure that all particles pass directly into orifice 40.
- a particle measuring apparatus including a container of particulate liquid suspension to be tested, an aperture tube extending into said container, a vacuum source for moving the liquid from the container into and through the aperture tube, a first electrode in the container and a second electrode in the aperture tube to establish an electrical field between said container and the aperture tube, and a detector, the aperture tube having a first and a second chamber, the first chamber having an aperture in communication with the liquid suspension in the container, said second chamber having an orifice provided therein at a point closely spaced from and directly opposite the interior of said aperture, means connecting said second chamber to said vacuum source and means to'initially fill the first chamber with particle free liquid and the second chamber with the liquid suspension, the improvement comprising, a conduit extending between said chambers to provide a closed path for liquid flow therebetween, a pump interposed in said conduit to create liquid flow about said path, and a filter member in said conduit, whereby the suspension will flow from the container through the aperture and the orifice into said second chamber to mix with the liquid already therein and circul
- An aperture tube for use in particle measuring apparatus including a container of particulate liquid suspension into which the aperture tube extends, said tube including a first and a second chamber, the first chamber having an aperture in communication with the liquid suspension, said second chamber having an orifice provided therein at a location directly opposite the interior of said aperture, means for connecting said second chamber to an external source of vacuum, conduit means extending between said chambers to provide a closed path for liquid flow therebetween, a pump interposed in said conduit means to create liquid flow about said path, and a filter member in said conduit means, whereby the suspension will flow through said aperture in the first chamber and through said orifice in the second chamber and then through said conduit and said pump and said filter member where the particles from the suspension are removed before the same is forced into the first chamber and returned through said orifice.
- An aperture tube as claimed in claim 3 in which an elongate neck extends from said second chamber into said first chamber and said orifice is provided in said neck.
- a particle measuring apparatus which responds to the changes of electrical impedance due to the displacement of electrolyte by particles suspended therein in an aperture which constricts an electric field, including a container of liquid suspension to be tested, a dualchamber aperture tube having a first and a second chamber extending into said container, a vacuum source for moving the liquid from the container into and through the aperture tube, a first electrode in the container and a second electrode in the aperture tube to establish the electric field, and a detector, the first chamber having an aperture forming a communication between said container and said first chamber, the second chamber having an orifice forming a communication between said first and said second chambers, said orifice being positioned close to and directly opposite said aperture, the improvement comprising, means for preventing particles from the contents of the container from being transferred to suspension in the contents of the first chamber.
- said means comprise a conduit extending between said chambers to provide a closed path for liquid flow therebetween, a pump interposed in said conduit to create liquid circulation about said path, and a filter for removing particles from the circulating liquid, such that the volume of liquid which flows into said orifice is the sum of the circulation about said closed path plus the flow from said container into said first chamber.
- said filling means comprise a two-way stopcock and an open-close stopcock, said two-way stopcock being adapted to apply vacuum either to said first or said second chamberor to neither, said open-close stopcock being adapted to connect one chamber to a reservoir of suspension liquid.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13192371A | 1971-04-07 | 1971-04-07 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3746976A true US3746976A (en) | 1973-07-17 |
Family
ID=22451620
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00131923A Expired - Lifetime US3746976A (en) | 1971-04-07 | 1971-04-07 | Self-cleaning aperture tube for coulter study apparatus |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3746976A (xx) |
JP (1) | JPS5326518B1 (xx) |
CA (2) | CA941450A (xx) |
CH (1) | CH552804A (xx) |
DE (1) | DE2215486C3 (xx) |
FR (1) | FR2132670B1 (xx) |
GB (1) | GB1341366A (xx) |
NL (1) | NL165844C (xx) |
SE (1) | SE380350B (xx) |
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2445411A1 (de) * | 1973-09-26 | 1975-05-07 | Coulter Electronics | Teilchenmessgeraet, fensterroehre und elektrolyt-speisevorrichtung fuer teilchenmessgeraete |
US3930736A (en) * | 1974-07-01 | 1976-01-06 | Coulter Electronics, Inc. | Aperture tube with attached thief |
US4001678A (en) * | 1974-05-16 | 1977-01-04 | Berg Robert H | Displacement metering with independent ancillary flow |
US4014611A (en) * | 1975-04-30 | 1977-03-29 | Coulter Electronics, Inc. | Aperture module for use in particle testing apparatus |
US4090128A (en) * | 1977-02-15 | 1978-05-16 | Coulter Electronics, Inc. | Aperture module for use in particle testing apparatus |
FR2380549A1 (fr) * | 1977-02-15 | 1978-09-08 | Coulter Electronics | Module a ouverture avec electrode perforee pour la detection electronique de particules |
US4180091A (en) * | 1977-11-18 | 1979-12-25 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Purging means for aperture of blood cell counter |
US4237416A (en) * | 1977-03-22 | 1980-12-02 | Becton Dickinson And Company | Apparatus for counting and sizing particles suspended in a liquid electrolyte |
DE3133373A1 (de) * | 1980-08-26 | 1982-07-22 | Coulter Electronics, Inc., 33010 Hialeah, Fla. | Vorrichtung zur untersuchung von teilchen |
DE3233055A1 (de) * | 1982-09-06 | 1984-03-08 | Coulter Electronics, Inc., 33010 Hialeah, Fla. | Optische durchflussvorrichtung zur untersuchung von in einer fluessigkeitsstroemung suspendierten teilchen |
US4503385A (en) * | 1983-07-11 | 1985-03-05 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Apparatus and method for regulating sheath fluid flow in a hydrodynamically focused fluid flow system |
US4710021A (en) * | 1983-10-14 | 1987-12-01 | Sequoia-Turner Corporation | Particulate matter analyzing apparatus and method |
US5094818A (en) * | 1989-05-04 | 1992-03-10 | Exact Science, Inc. | Self-filling anti-siphon flow system for particle analysis |
US5402062A (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1995-03-28 | Abbott Laboratories | Mechanical capture of count wafer for particle analysis |
US5432992A (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1995-07-18 | Abbott Laboratories | Method of making count probe with removable count wafer |
US5500992A (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1996-03-26 | Abbott Laboratories | Method of making stress relieved count probe |
US5882599A (en) * | 1994-03-15 | 1999-03-16 | Counting Technology Limited | Diluter |
US5895869A (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 1999-04-20 | Mwi, Inc. | Method and apparatus for analyzing particulate matter |
US6111398A (en) * | 1997-07-03 | 2000-08-29 | Coulter International Corp. | Method and apparatus for sensing and characterizing particles |
US6175227B1 (en) | 1997-07-03 | 2001-01-16 | Coulter International Corp. | Potential-sensing method and apparatus for sensing and characterizing particles by the Coulter principle |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS61124850A (ja) * | 1984-11-21 | 1986-06-12 | Eruma Kogaku Kk | 超純水の不純物測定装置 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3299354A (en) * | 1962-07-05 | 1967-01-17 | Coulter Electronics | Aperture tube structure for particle study apparatus |
US3583209A (en) * | 1969-02-27 | 1971-06-08 | Automation Prod | Method of and apparatus for measuring mass of a material |
-
1971
- 1971-04-07 US US00131923A patent/US3746976A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1972
- 1972-03-29 GB GB1473572A patent/GB1341366A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-03-29 JP JP3155472A patent/JPS5326518B1/ja active Pending
- 1972-03-29 CH CH464672A patent/CH552804A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-03-29 CA CA138,461A patent/CA941450A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-03-29 SE SE7204199A patent/SE380350B/xx unknown
- 1972-03-29 DE DE2215486A patent/DE2215486C3/de not_active Expired
- 1972-03-29 FR FR727211029A patent/FR2132670B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-03-29 NL NL7204208.A patent/NL165844C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1978
- 1978-02-01 CA CA295,998A patent/CA1042511B/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3299354A (en) * | 1962-07-05 | 1967-01-17 | Coulter Electronics | Aperture tube structure for particle study apparatus |
US3583209A (en) * | 1969-02-27 | 1971-06-08 | Automation Prod | Method of and apparatus for measuring mass of a material |
Cited By (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2445411A1 (de) * | 1973-09-26 | 1975-05-07 | Coulter Electronics | Teilchenmessgeraet, fensterroehre und elektrolyt-speisevorrichtung fuer teilchenmessgeraete |
US3902115A (en) * | 1973-09-26 | 1975-08-26 | Coulter Electronics | Self-cleaning aperture tube for coulter study apparatus and electrolyte supply system therefor |
US4001678A (en) * | 1974-05-16 | 1977-01-04 | Berg Robert H | Displacement metering with independent ancillary flow |
US3930736A (en) * | 1974-07-01 | 1976-01-06 | Coulter Electronics, Inc. | Aperture tube with attached thief |
US4014611A (en) * | 1975-04-30 | 1977-03-29 | Coulter Electronics, Inc. | Aperture module for use in particle testing apparatus |
US4090128A (en) * | 1977-02-15 | 1978-05-16 | Coulter Electronics, Inc. | Aperture module for use in particle testing apparatus |
FR2380549A1 (fr) * | 1977-02-15 | 1978-09-08 | Coulter Electronics | Module a ouverture avec electrode perforee pour la detection electronique de particules |
US4237416A (en) * | 1977-03-22 | 1980-12-02 | Becton Dickinson And Company | Apparatus for counting and sizing particles suspended in a liquid electrolyte |
US4180091A (en) * | 1977-11-18 | 1979-12-25 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Purging means for aperture of blood cell counter |
US4361803A (en) * | 1980-08-26 | 1982-11-30 | Coulter Electronics, Inc. | Apparatus for recirculating sweep flow electrolyte without a pump |
DE3133373A1 (de) * | 1980-08-26 | 1982-07-22 | Coulter Electronics, Inc., 33010 Hialeah, Fla. | Vorrichtung zur untersuchung von teilchen |
DE3233055A1 (de) * | 1982-09-06 | 1984-03-08 | Coulter Electronics, Inc., 33010 Hialeah, Fla. | Optische durchflussvorrichtung zur untersuchung von in einer fluessigkeitsstroemung suspendierten teilchen |
US4503385A (en) * | 1983-07-11 | 1985-03-05 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Apparatus and method for regulating sheath fluid flow in a hydrodynamically focused fluid flow system |
US4710021A (en) * | 1983-10-14 | 1987-12-01 | Sequoia-Turner Corporation | Particulate matter analyzing apparatus and method |
US5094818A (en) * | 1989-05-04 | 1992-03-10 | Exact Science, Inc. | Self-filling anti-siphon flow system for particle analysis |
US5432992A (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1995-07-18 | Abbott Laboratories | Method of making count probe with removable count wafer |
US5402062A (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1995-03-28 | Abbott Laboratories | Mechanical capture of count wafer for particle analysis |
US5500992A (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1996-03-26 | Abbott Laboratories | Method of making stress relieved count probe |
US5882599A (en) * | 1994-03-15 | 1999-03-16 | Counting Technology Limited | Diluter |
US5895869A (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 1999-04-20 | Mwi, Inc. | Method and apparatus for analyzing particulate matter |
US5983735A (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 1999-11-16 | Mwi, Inc. | Method and apparatus for analyzing particulate matter |
US6111398A (en) * | 1997-07-03 | 2000-08-29 | Coulter International Corp. | Method and apparatus for sensing and characterizing particles |
US6175227B1 (en) | 1997-07-03 | 2001-01-16 | Coulter International Corp. | Potential-sensing method and apparatus for sensing and characterizing particles by the Coulter principle |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL165844B (nl) | 1980-12-15 |
CA941450A (en) | 1974-02-05 |
SE380350B (sv) | 1975-11-03 |
FR2132670B1 (xx) | 1973-06-29 |
NL165844C (nl) | 1981-05-15 |
DE2215486C3 (de) | 1980-09-18 |
GB1341366A (en) | 1973-12-19 |
DE2215486A1 (de) | 1972-10-12 |
JPS5326518B1 (xx) | 1978-08-02 |
CH552804A (fr) | 1974-08-15 |
DE2215486B2 (de) | 1980-01-24 |
CA1042511B (en) | 1978-11-14 |
FR2132670A1 (xx) | 1972-11-24 |
NL7204208A (xx) | 1972-10-10 |
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