US3736941A - Cigarettes and the like - Google Patents

Cigarettes and the like Download PDF

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Publication number
US3736941A
US3736941A US00022955A US3736941DA US3736941A US 3736941 A US3736941 A US 3736941A US 00022955 A US00022955 A US 00022955A US 3736941D A US3736941D A US 3736941DA US 3736941 A US3736941 A US 3736941A
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United States
Prior art keywords
carpet
tobacco
core material
trough
support means
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00022955A
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English (en)
Inventor
D Molins
F Labbe
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Molins Machine Co Ltd
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Molins Machine Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24C—MACHINES FOR MAKING CIGARS OR CIGARETTES
    • A24C5/00—Making cigarettes; Making tipping materials for, or attaching filters or mouthpieces to, cigars or cigarettes
    • A24C5/14—Machines of the continuous-rod type
    • A24C5/18—Forming the rod
    • A24C5/1821—Forming the rod containing different tobacco mixtures, e.g. composite rods
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S131/00—Tobacco
    • Y10S131/906—Sensing condition or characteristic of continuous tobacco rod

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Cigarettes are made with a filler comprising an outer annulus of tobacco surrounding a core of a tobacco or other material different from that in the outer annulus.
  • the annulus tobacco may be showered to form a layer which is then bent into a U-section to receive the core, after which further tobacco is showered on to the U-section plus core to enclose the core in tobacco.
  • the core material may be incorporated in the filler by pneumatically rolling a carpet of an annular of tobacco round the core.
  • This invention is particularly concerned with the manufacture of cigarettes of which the filler includes a core of material different from the annulus of shredded tobacco lying just within the wrapping.
  • the filler includes a core of material different from the annulus of shredded tobacco lying just within the wrapping.
  • the basis for this is that the taste of a cigarette is determined in part by the quality of the tobacco lying in an annulus close to the wrapping.
  • the cigarette filler may include a core of different material, for example inferior tobacco or even a non-tobacco material, in a quantity which would not greatly affect the smokers appreciation of the cigarette.
  • a core of the desired core material is incorporated in the filler and is completely surrounded by the tobacco which subsequently forms an annulus just within the cigarette wrapping.
  • One possible core material for use according to this invention is reconstituted tobacco which may for example be used in the form of extruded strands.
  • Another possible material is freeze-dried tobacco which may for example consist of a mixture of tobacco dust and shredded tobacco stem and other low-quality tobacco. Freeze-dried tobacco has been found to have a relatively high filling power.
  • the core may alternatively be of non-tobacco material, for example a tasteless cellulose, one example of which is that known by the trade name CYTREL and made by Celanese Corporation.
  • FIG. 1 is a fragmentary schematic view showing part of one cigarette-making machine
  • FIG. 2 is a section on the line IIII in FIG. 1, except that the width of the chimney (i.e. the small dimension) is shown exaggerated for the sake of clarity.
  • FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C are fragmentary sections on the lines A, B and C in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary section on the line IVIV in FIG. 1, on an enlarged scale showing the final filler as it is carried into the garniture by the suction band;
  • FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 2, showing a modificatron
  • FIGS. 6A, 6B and 6C are sections on the lines A, B and C in FIG. 5;
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 are longitudinal sections (unshaded for the sake of clarity) of two possible filler arrangements made by apparatus similar to that shown in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic view similar to FIG. 1 of another different machine.
  • FIGS. 10A to 10F are enlarged sections on the lines A to F in FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 11 is a section showing a possible modification of the filler section shown in FIG. 10E;
  • FIG. 12 is a fragmentary schematic plan view of another different machine.
  • FIG. 13 is a section on the line XIII--XIII in FIG. 12;
  • FIG. 14 is a diagrammatic side fragmentary view of another different machine.
  • FIGS. 15 and 16 are plan views respectively from above and below the machine shown in FIG. 14;
  • FIG. 17 is a section on the line XVII-XVII in FIG. 14.
  • FIG. 18 is an enlarged section of the central part of FIG. 17.
  • the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 comprises an airpervious suction band 10 which moves along the top of a narrow chimney defined by side walls 11 and 12 (FIG. 2) and end walls 13 and 14.
  • a cigarette filler (not shown) is built up beneath the suction band as it passes over the chimney, and after passing a trimmer 15 the filler is carried by the band into a garniture 16 in which the filler is enclosed in a continuous web of paper 17 carried by a garniture tape 18.
  • the filler is carried by the band 10 as a result of suction above the band; this suction is still present while the filler passes the trimmer 15, in which operation part of the filler is removed (namely the part 19 shown in FIG. 4) and the suction ends at the garniture so that the filler is allbwed to drop on to the paper web.
  • the chimney is divided into four compartments by internal walls 20, 21 and 22.
  • shredded toba'pco is carried upwards by air in the normal way to folrm an initial layer 24 of tobacco on the suction band, as shown in FIG. 3A
  • This tobacco may comprise part or all of the tobacco removed by the trimmer; that is to say, the tobacco 19 (FIG. 4) removed by the trimmer is returned for example to a small hopper (not shown) from which a measured quantity is fed continuously to the bottom of the compartment 23.
  • the second compartment 25 lying between the internal walls 20 and 21 no further tobacco is carried, but air is allowed to flow upwards freely so as to assist in settling the initial layer 24 on the band before the band reaches the next compartment 26.
  • the first layer 24 should as far as possible be allowed to settle firmly against the suction band before the band passes over the compartment 26, because the layer 24 must pass over the upper surfaces of the parts 28; the clearance between the layer 24 and the parts 28 should preferably be as small as possible.
  • the last compartment 29 is the largest. During movement over this compartment, the suction band receives more tobacco to complete the enclosure of tobacco around the core 27 and to complete the tobacco stream as shown in section in FIG. 4; as shown in FIG. 4, the tobacco showered in the compartment 29 forms side portions 30 and a complete layer portion 31 which includes the part 19 which is subsequently removed by the trimmer 15.
  • the amount of tobacco removed by the trimmer 15 may for example be 20 to 25 percent by weight of the total filler (i.e. before trimming).
  • the core may for example form approximately 20 percent by weight of the filler after trimming.
  • the tobacco delivered to the bottom end of the compartment 23 to form the initial layer 24 may be part or all of the tobacco removed by the trimmer 15 and may be fed into the compartment 23 without further winnowing having previously been winnowed during delivery into the compartment 29, for example as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,030,965.
  • the apparatus shown in FIG. also includes a suction band 32 which moves along the top of a chimney up which tobacco particles are carried by air (though it is again possible to use instead an inverted arrangement producing a downward shower under gravity).
  • the chimney has two compartments 33 and 34.
  • a layer 35 of good shredded tobacco is built up on the suction band, as shown in FIG. 6A; this tobacco may be the discard from the trimmer (not shown) as in FIG. I.
  • the compartment 34 a deeper layer of similar tobacco is built up in the same manner as in the previous example.
  • the core is not built up within the chimney but is preformed and is carried in as a continuous rod 36 guided by stationary guides 37 and 38. No tobacco is carried towards the suction band over the region of the guides 37 and 38. The tobacco flow resumes however subsequently in the compartment 34 so as to complete the formation of a filler as shown in FIG. 6C.
  • the core rod 36 may for example be extruded from reconstituted tobacco which may consist of tobacco dust with some tobacco shreds to provide a degree of cohesion. During manufacture the rod 36 may be drawn continuously from a bobbin.
  • the apparatus may be arranged to feed pre-cut sections of core rod so as to form a cigarette filler as shown in FIG. 7 or FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 7 shows an arrangement particularly suitable for filter-tipped cigarettes; here each rod section 39 extends through two cigarette lengths of the filler, but stops short of one end of each cigarette length so as to leave end portions 40 which are of good tobacco.
  • the filler is finally out at lines 41, and it will be seen that each cigarette is thus formed with one good end and one end which will show the core.
  • the good" end is intended to be the un-tipped end of the cigarette (i.e.
  • the good end portions 40 ensure that the smokers first puff will be satisfactory; subsequently as the burning proceeds along the cigarette, the taste is determined by the quality of the annulus of tobacco around the core.
  • FIG. 8 the core rod is fed in short sections 42 each of which ends short of the cut lines 43. This is particularly suitable for un-tipped cigarettes. It will be appreciated that the core rods 39 and 42 should be fed in timed relation to the cutter which subsequently cuts the continuous cigarette rod on the lines 41 and 43 respectively.
  • FIGS. 9 and A to 10F show a different machine.
  • a band 56 moves along the bottom ofa chute 58 down which good tobacco is showered (preferably with the aid of a downward air flow) to build up an initial layer 60 of which the edges are turned up slightly by means of forming rails 62.
  • the band 56 runs on side walls 64 defining a suction chamber 66; as a result of the suction the layer 60 is held firmly against the band 56.
  • the band 56 After leaving the chute 58, the band 56 passes round a pulley 68 and then continues along the top of a chimney 70 and finally returns round a second roller (not shown).
  • the cross-sections of the forming rails 62 change progressively from the shapes shown in FIG. 10A to the shapes shown in FIG. 10B, thus bending the edges of the layer 60 as shown to form approximately a U-shape.
  • the width of the layer 60 during this part of the forming operation reduces for example from 12.5 mm (in FIG. 10A) to 8.5 mm (in FIG. 10B). This bending outwards of the edges of the layer 60 is assisted by the centrifugal force, while a forming needle 72 (aided by suction through the band) holds the middle section of the layer against the band.
  • a central slot 73 in the needle allows air to flow through the needle; alternatively the needle may be made of an air-pervious material. It will be appreciated that the interior 69 of the pulley 68 may form a continuation of the suction chamber 66 or may alternatively have increased suction if necessary.
  • a core is formed continuously for insertion into the U, as shown in, FIG. 10C.
  • This core is formed by showering core matefial (for example inferior quality tobacco) by means of air up a chimney 74 to build up a core stream 75 (see FIG. 10C).
  • the core stream builds up against the undersurface of an air-pervious band 76 and is carried by suction past a trimmer 78 and then transferred to a tape 80.
  • thetape is curved in section, being supported in a concave groove in a base block 82 (see particularly FIG. 10C).
  • a scraper 84 helps to remove the core stream from the band 76, and an extension of the scraper serves as a tongue which progressively compresses the core stream into a slightly oval cross-section (see FIG. 10C).
  • FIG. 10C shows the core stream 75 just before it is placed into the hollow of the tobacco layer 60.
  • the layer 60 remains with approximately the same cross-section while it passes roundthe pulley 68.
  • the middle of the layer is held against the band 56 with the assistance of the forming needle 72 until just before the section shown in FIG. 10C, where, the tongue 84 enters the hollow of the layer 60 to guide the core stream 75 into position.
  • Air flow up the chimney 70 carries firstly a shower of tobacco shorts (for example to the right of the dotted line 88) to form a layer comprises mainly side portions 90 and 92 filling in the spaces on opposite sides of the core.
  • a shower of good tobacco to the left of the dotted line 88.
  • a layer 94 (FIG. 10F) is formed.
  • Part of this layer is preferably removed at about the line 96 by means ofa trimmer (not shown) which moves up and down automatically in response to signals from a filler monitoring system (for example as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,088,468).
  • the tobacco fed into the chute 58 to form the initial layer 60 may be part or all of the tobacco removed by the trimmer (not shown) downstream of the chimney 70.
  • the initial layer may be formed by the stage of FIG. B or 10C into a deeper U shape, as shown in FIG. 11, so as largely to avoid the side portions 90 and 92 which require to be formed by shorts in FIG. 10E.
  • the deeper side portions 98 of the modified initial layer shown in FIG. 11 give more support to the core 75.
  • an approximately flat layer 100 is formed by the shorts showered up the chimney 70; alternatively the initial shorts feed may be omitted, and the chimney 70 may serve to shower only good tobacco.
  • the initial width of the layer when substantially flat i.e. as shown in FIG. 10A
  • the core may be formed in any other manner, for example by extrusion, and may be fed into the hollow of the layer 60 in the manner described and shown in F IGS5-8.
  • FIG. 12 shows an arrangement in which a carpet of tobacco is carried by a horizontal perforated band 44 and is rolled by the action of air in a stationary inverted trough 45 which extends obliquely across the band.
  • the carpet consists of a narrow strip 46 of core material, for example low quality tobacco or tobacco shorts, and a wider strip 47 of good tobacco.
  • the direction of movement of the band 44 is shown by the arrow 48 in FIG. 12.
  • the carpet of tobacco is rolled progressively from the left, so that the core material ends up at the center of the roll, as shown at 54.
  • the final cigarette filler 52 is carried away along the right-hand edge of the band and may be held in a compressed state by suction below the band.
  • the trough 45 is shown with a uniform section. It may alternatively increase progressively in width and depth towards its right-hand end.
  • the carpet may be formed on the band in various possible ways. For example, it may be showered on to the band either by gravity or by being carried pneumatically, or it may be transferred on to the band straight from a conventional carded drum; in the case of pneumatic showering the apparatus need not necessarily be in the orientation shown but could be in any desired orientation, while in the other cases the apparatus could for example simply be inverted.
  • the filler rolling apparatus shown in FIG. 12 could also be used to form a cigarette filler consisting of a substantially uniform blend of tobacco, that is to say without a core of different material.
  • FIGS. 14 to 18 illustrate extensions of the principal of the example shown in FIGS. 12 and 13.
  • a carpet of tobacco carried by an air pervious band 102 with the aid of suction is rolled into a continuous cigarette filler in a trough 104 in substantially the same way as in the previous example.
  • the compressed air which produces the rolling action within the trough is delivered from a box 106 via an inclined nozzle 108 (see FIG. 18).
  • the final tobacco stream is fed from the band 102 to a garniture 110 by means of a suction wheel 111.
  • a web 112 is wrapped round the tobacco stream to produce a continuous cigarette rod.
  • the tobacco carpet is carried by suction below the band 102, having been formed by showering down a narrow chute 1 l4 (preferably with the aid of a downward air flow through the chute). As shown in FIG. 15, the chute 114 extends obliquely across the band 102.
  • the carpet on the band 102 consists of a narrow strip 116 of core material and a wider strip 118 of good tobacco. These strips are formed by showering the core material and good tobacco respectively through zones 120 and 122 in the chute 114; these zones may be separated by a partition wall 124, but that is not essential.
  • a suction box 126 Between the upper and lower runs of the band 102 there is a suction box 126 (see FIG. 17), and there is also suction is a drum 128 round which the band passes. Within the drum 128 there is a quarter-circular shutter disc 130 which is so arranged that it can move bodily in the direction of the axis of the drum 128. Between the shutter disc 130 and the adjacent end of the drum 128 there is no suction (or insufficient suction) to hold the tobacco carpet against centrifugal force, so that a narrow strip 132 is discarded. The width of this strip varies according to the position of the shutter disc at any given moment.
  • a control may be included to vary the position of the disc in response, for example, to signals from a scanning device monitoring the final density of the cigarette rod.
  • the shutter disc may be moved by means 133 responsive to the pressure in air cell 134 (FIG. 14); the pressure in the cell varies in accordance with the pressure drop through the carpet.
  • the suction box 126 between the upper and lower runs of the band 102 reduces progressively from the right-hand end of the trough 104 to the left-hand end.
  • trough 104 increases in depth and in width, from the right to the left, as the roll of tobacco builds up.
  • apparatus for making a cigarette filler stream comprising a. support means movable along a predetermined path,
  • a trough arranged obliquely across the support means and extending obliquely downstream from the side of the support means adjacent the core material
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said support means is elongated, has a variable width and is airpermeable and moves along a path including a curved section, said apparatus further comprising suction means to hold said carpet on said support means as it passes along said curved section, and an adjustable shutter means adjacent to the said curved section responsive to filler density detecting means to vary the proportion of the width of said support means through which air is drawn by the suction whereby the amount of particles thrown off by centrifugal force from one edge of said carpet as said support means passes along said curved section can be controlled.
  • Apparatus for making a cigarette filler stream comprising a core of core material surrounded by an annulus of tobacco particles, the apparatus comprising a. support means movable along a predetermined path,
  • prising 4 A method of making cigarettes and the like comprising b. continuously feeding said carpet along a path pasta trough extending obliquely across the carpet in a downstream direction from the side of the carpet containing the core material strip, and
  • a method of making cigarettes and the like com a. forming a carpet comprising strips lying side-byside on a moving support, said strips comprising annulus tobacco particles and core material particles, respectively,

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US00022955A 1969-04-02 1970-03-26 Cigarettes and the like Expired - Lifetime US3736941A (en)

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JP (1) JPS4924238B1 (de)
DE (2) DE2015387C2 (de)
FR (1) FR2038159B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1305900A (de)

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US3880171A (en) * 1971-12-09 1975-04-29 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Production of smoking articles
US3941036A (en) * 1972-01-07 1976-03-02 Molins Limited Continuous filter rod making machines
US3955584A (en) * 1973-07-12 1976-05-11 Molins Limited Tobacco reclaiming apparatus in cigarette making
US3957062A (en) * 1973-06-29 1976-05-18 Molins Limited Cigarette making machines
US4009722A (en) * 1974-09-26 1977-03-01 Hauni-Werke Korber & Co., Kg Method and machine for making cigarettes with composite fillers
US4041959A (en) * 1975-10-08 1977-08-16 Amf Incorporated Braid forming method and apparatus
US4207906A (en) * 1977-12-30 1980-06-17 B.A.T. Company Limited Method of making a cigarette
US4219031A (en) * 1979-03-05 1980-08-26 Philip Morris Incorporated Smoking product having core of fibrillar carbonized matter
US4306573A (en) * 1978-01-09 1981-12-22 Hauni-Werke K/rber & Co. KG Method and apparatus for producing rod-like tobacco fillers
US4367758A (en) * 1979-11-16 1983-01-11 G.D Societa Per Azioni Cigarette manufacturing machine of the continuous rod type
US4372326A (en) * 1980-05-26 1983-02-08 G. D. Societa' Per Azioni Manufacturing machine for producing two continuous cigarette rods
US4516585A (en) * 1982-09-02 1985-05-14 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Method and apparatus for producing a multiple-blend cigarette
US4543967A (en) * 1981-06-03 1985-10-01 Molins Plc Cigarette manufacture
US4580579A (en) * 1983-01-26 1986-04-08 Hauni-Werke Korber & Co. Kg Method and apparatus for producing a composite tobacco filler
US4593704A (en) * 1982-12-02 1986-06-10 Hauni-Werke Korber & Co. Kg. Method of and apparatus for building a composite tobacco stream
EP0202835A1 (de) * 1985-05-15 1986-11-26 Rothmans, Benson & Hedges Inc. Zigaretten aus unterschiedlichen Materialien
US4630618A (en) * 1982-08-05 1986-12-23 Imperial Group Plc Apparatus and method for forming a rod of smokeable material
US4651754A (en) * 1983-11-02 1987-03-24 Hauni-Werke Korber & Co. Kg. Apparatus for building a stream from particles of smokable material
EP0226368A2 (de) * 1985-12-04 1987-06-24 Rothmans, Benson & Hedges Inc. Skulptierte Zigarette
US4870748A (en) * 1987-07-17 1989-10-03 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. Apparatus for assembling elements of a smoking article
US5052413A (en) * 1987-02-27 1991-10-01 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Method for making a smoking article and components for use therein
US5088507A (en) * 1987-07-17 1992-02-18 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Apparatus for assembling components of a smoking article
US5154190A (en) * 1990-08-17 1992-10-13 Korber Ag Apparatus for building a tobacco stream
US5509923A (en) * 1989-08-16 1996-04-23 Raychem Corporation Device for dissecting, grasping, or cutting an object
US5626152A (en) * 1992-08-26 1997-05-06 Molins Plc Cigarette making machine
US6186315B1 (en) * 1997-08-02 2001-02-13 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Apparatus for transporting a stream of particulate material
US6202648B1 (en) * 1998-01-17 2001-03-20 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Method of and apparatus for making a cigarette rod with an insert
US20010015209A1 (en) * 2000-02-18 2001-08-23 Dietmar Zielke Method of and apparatus for recovering and recycling tobacco dust
US20050066986A1 (en) * 2003-09-30 2005-03-31 Nestor Timothy Brian Smokable rod for a cigarette
US20050066985A1 (en) * 2003-09-30 2005-03-31 Borschke August Joseph Smokable rod for a cigarette
US20050081869A1 (en) * 1997-06-19 2005-04-21 Biggs Philip J. Smoking article

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DE2506839C2 (de) * 1975-02-18 1987-04-23 Hauni-Werke Körber & Co KG, 2050 Hamburg Vorrichtung zum Bilden eines Tabakfüllstromes
US4434804A (en) * 1980-06-21 1984-03-06 Imperial Group Limited Smoking article
JPS5779044U (de) * 1980-10-31 1982-05-15
DE3342122A1 (de) * 1982-12-02 1984-06-07 Hauni-Werke Körber & Co KG, 2050 Hamburg Verfahren und vorrichtung zum bilden eines tabakstranges
DE3342123A1 (de) * 1982-12-02 1984-06-07 Hauni-Werke Körber & Co KG, 2050 Hamburg Vorrichtung zum bilden eines tabakstranges
NL8503427A (nl) * 1984-12-19 1986-07-16 Tobacco Res & Dev Sigaret en werkwijze voor het vervaardigen daarvan.
GB8502651D0 (en) * 1985-02-01 1985-03-06 British American Tobacco Co Smoking articles
GB8718949D0 (en) * 1987-08-11 1987-09-16 Rothmans Benson & Hedges Tobacco blend formation
IT1244317B (it) * 1989-11-25 1994-07-08 Koerber Ag Procedimento e dispositivo per produrre un filone di tabacco
DE4009657C2 (de) * 1990-03-26 1994-04-07 Bat Cigarettenfab Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung koaxialer Tabak- oder Filterstränge
DE19854364A1 (de) 1998-11-25 2000-05-31 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen koaxialer Zigaretten
DE102009021811A1 (de) * 2009-05-18 2010-11-25 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Saugstrangförderer und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Stranges der tabakverarbeitenden Industrie
DE102012101021B3 (de) * 2012-02-08 2013-08-01 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Verteilervorrichtung und Verfahren zum Beschicken einer Strangmaschine der Tabak verarbeitenden Industrie

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US1183618A (en) * 1915-06-14 1916-05-16 Herbert Oppenheim Feeding mechanism for cigarette-machines.
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US2660778A (en) * 1950-09-18 1953-12-01 Theodore C Gerner Method for repairing bell housing assemblies
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Cited By (38)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3880171A (en) * 1971-12-09 1975-04-29 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Production of smoking articles
US3941036A (en) * 1972-01-07 1976-03-02 Molins Limited Continuous filter rod making machines
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US3955584A (en) * 1973-07-12 1976-05-11 Molins Limited Tobacco reclaiming apparatus in cigarette making
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1305900A (de) 1973-02-07
JPS4924238B1 (de) 1974-06-21
DE2015387C2 (de) 1983-06-30
FR2038159B1 (de) 1976-02-06
DE2015387A1 (de) 1970-12-03
DE2066155B1 (de) 1981-01-08
FR2038159A1 (de) 1971-01-08

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