US3728144A - Method for coating metal substrates with molten metal - Google Patents

Method for coating metal substrates with molten metal Download PDF

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Publication number
US3728144A
US3728144A US00134738A US3728144DA US3728144A US 3728144 A US3728144 A US 3728144A US 00134738 A US00134738 A US 00134738A US 3728144D A US3728144D A US 3728144DA US 3728144 A US3728144 A US 3728144A
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United States
Prior art keywords
metal
wire
coating
temperature
bath
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00134738A
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English (en)
Inventor
Poucke L Van
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Bekaert NV SA
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Bekaert NV SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/003—Apparatus
    • C23C2/0034—Details related to elements immersed in bath
    • C23C2/00342—Moving elements, e.g. pumps or mixers
    • C23C2/00344—Means for moving substrates, e.g. immersed rollers or immersed bearings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/003—Apparatus
    • C23C2/0035—Means for continuously moving substrate through, into or out of the bath
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/003—Apparatus
    • C23C2/0038—Apparatus characterised by the pre-treatment chambers located immediately upstream of the bath or occurring locally before the dipping process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
    • C23C2/0224—Two or more thermal pretreatments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C23C2/024—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by cleaning or etching

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for coating metal substrates with molten metal and to the coated metal substrates so produced. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for coating steel wires with metals, such as copper, tin, lead or aluminum; and to the coated steel wire so produced.
  • a metal substrate is subjected to a relatively large number of separate treatments.
  • steel wire is first annealed in order to obtain the desired degree of toughness and tensile strength.
  • the annealed steel wire is ordinarily pickled and rinsed, processed with a salt solution or flux, dried, dipped into the proper metallizing bath and then cooled down.
  • the purpose of the pickling step is to remove grease, dirt and the like, as well as oxides which may be formed during the heat treatment.
  • the lluxing step is employed to provide the wire with good moistening characteristics for the liquid coating to be subsequently applied.
  • a conventional process for metal coating or metallizing of the type described above suifers from a number of disadvantages. For example, oxidation which occurs during the heat treatment is disadvantageous because it requires the additional pickling step. Further, the pickling and fluxing steps are disadvantageous because the metal substrate thereafter needs to be dried.
  • a further disadvantage results from the fact that after the annealing process the substrate is subsequently cooled down to the temperature of the rinsing and washing water during the pickling, rinsing and fluxing treatments.
  • the metal substrate is thereafter passed through the metallizing bath it absorbs a substantial amount of the heat present in the metallizing bath. Consequently, it is necessary to supply the metallizing bath continuously with a large quantity of heat in order to balance the removal of heat absorbed by the substrate and to maintain the temperature of the metallizing bath at a constant level.
  • a further disadvantage of the conventional type of process results from the fact that pickling with hydrochloric or sulfuric acid entails substantial ditficulties with respect to providing the necessary apparatus for the removal of harmful vapors and used acid.
  • treatment of the metal wire with salt solutions or flux is also disadvantageous because it causes sludge deposits to form in the metallizing bath.
  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for continuous coating of a metal substrate with a molten metal wherein the metal substrate is coated with molten metal in an immersion zone maintained under vacuum. More particularly, the metal substrate under vacuum is successively annealed at an elevated temperature in a heating zone, cooled in a cooling zone and coated with the molten metal in the immersion zone.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an apparatus for continuous heat treatment and metallizing in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an apparatus for continuous heat treatment and metallizing in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Apparatus for continuous heat treatment and subsequent metallizing of a metal substrate, namely, wire 1 is illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the metal substrate which may be utilized in the present invention includes any wire, strip, plate or similar extended form of metal product which it is desired to coat with a molten metal or to metallize.
  • the metal wire 1 is fed from supply spool 2 and via guide rollers 3, 4 and 5 to a capstan 6.
  • Guide roller 4 is mounted in an immersion bath 7 containing a molten coating metal.
  • the basic metal treating operations are carried out in a vacuum chamber 8.
  • the supply spool 2 and/or capstan 6 may be mounted inside or outside the vacuum chamber 8.
  • the required vacuum in vacuum chamber 8 may be obtained and maintained by any conventional means, as, for example, by means of the process described in US. Pat. No. 2,384,500.
  • the vacuum may be obtained by connecting conventional pumps or other conventional equipment for producing a high vacuum, to vacuum chamber 8 by means of conduit 9.
  • a heater 10 is provided in chamber 8 to heat wire 1.
  • the heater 10 may be of any conventional design whereby Wire 1 may be heated, for example, by radiation, electron bombardment, direct resistance heating or the like.
  • Chamber 8 is also provided with cooling means 11 for cooling the heated or annealed wire 1.
  • Cooling apparatus 11 may be composed of water-cooled rollers or any other conventional suitable cooling apparatus.
  • the apparatus of the present invention may also include a means H for introducing a reducing gas such as hydrogen into the area of immersion bath 7 where the wire 1 enters and leaves the immersion bath 7.
  • FIG. 2 A second embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • supply spool 2 and guide roller 5 are mounted outside of the vacuum chamber 8.
  • the apparatus includes a plurality of smaller conduits or ports 9 which assist in maintaining a vacuum in chamber 8 in the area where wire 1 is fed from supply spool 2 to the interior of vacuum chamber 8.
  • the means H for supplying a reducing gas to the process includes a first means for supplying reducing gas to the interior of chamber 8 at the point where wire 1 enters immersion bath 7 and a second means for supplying reducing gas to a second point outside vacuum chamber 8 at the point where the wire 1 exits from the immersion bath 7.
  • the wire 1 is fed from supply spool 2 through vacuum chamber 8.
  • the vacuum in vacuum chamber 8 will be maintained in the range of about 10- to l() torr (l torr being equivalent to a pressure of 1 mm. of mercury).
  • the wire 1 after being fed from supply spool 2 is heated by heater 10 to a temperature generally above about 700 C. to thereby anneal wire 1.
  • a metallically clean surface is obtained free from oxides, grease, oil and the like; and possible gases dissolved in the metal are removed.
  • the wire 1 consists of steel with a high carbon content, the wire 1 will normally be heated to a temperature in the range of about 800 to 1000 C., e.g. 900 C., in order to obtain an austenite steel structure.
  • the heat treatment by means of heater 10 in vacuum chamber 8 produces a clean, metallic, thermically etched wire surface which may be coated with molten metal without the necessity of using the fiuxing treatment normally used in prior art processes.
  • the temperature of the wire 1 when it enters the metallizing bath is of great importance. If this temperature is too high, the danger exists that a reaction layer may be formed between the metal base of the wire 1 and the coating metal which is undesirably thick. In this case the coated wire 1 is likely to be brittle and when the coated wire is bent or folded small cracks may develop in the coating layer. Thus, a high degree of intermetallic combination or brittleness occurs when the temperature is too high so as to produce intermetallic diifusion.
  • the temperature of the wire 1 is not too low when entering the immersion bath 7. Thus, if the temperature is too low the adhesion between the wire 1 and the coating metal will be inadequate.
  • the heated annealed wire 1 is subsequently passed through cooler 11 which cools the temperature of wire 1 to the proper level.
  • the particular temperature to which wire 1 is cooled in cooler 11 depends upon the nature of the substrate as well as the nature of the coating metal which is subsequently employed. The optimum temperature for any given combination of substrate and coating metal can be readily determined and should be selected to provide an operation in which the formation of a brittle reaction layer is minimized while at the same time producing an adequate adhesion between the wire 1 and the coating metal employed.
  • the wire 1 is made of a high carbon steel it is essential for proper annealing and isothermal hardening of the wire 1 to rapidly cool it down to a temperature in the range of about 400 to 600 C., e.g. 500 C. Thereafter, a controlled cooling of the wire 1 at a lower rate of cooling may be employed if desired, with respect to the particular type of coating metal which may subsequently be employed.
  • the coating metals which can be most advantageously employed in the present invention, are metals with a low vapor pressure in the proximity of their melting temperature, such as, for example, aluminum, copper, tin and indium or alloys of these metals.
  • the temperature of the coating metal in the bath 7 is preferably 'kept at a temperature level that is approximately 1 to 50 C. higher than the melting temperature. In this way only a small amount of metal will be lost through evaporation with the result that the amount of metal deposition on the walls of vacuum chamber 8 is minimized and further the best coating layers with the lowest percentages of intermetallic combinations are obtained.
  • the following table lists the melting temperatures, the vapor pressure and evaporation speeds of a number of metals with low vapor pressures which may be utilized in the present invention:
  • the coating layers obtained by the process of the present invention are of a high quality with respect to adhesion of the metal coating and resistance to chipping, as well as uniformity of coating thickness.
  • a mild steel wire i.e., a wire with a low carbon content; namely 0.10% was passed through a bath filled with molten aluminum.
  • the temperature of the molten aluminum was about 670 C. and the vacuum maintained above the bath was about 5 10- torr.
  • the mild steel wire was first annealed at a temperature of about 850 C. and subsequently cooled down to a temperature of about 500 C. just before it was passed into the molten aluminum bath.
  • the bath contained 0.0% silicon; in a second test, the bath contained 2.0% silicon; and in a third test, the bath contained 4.0% silicon. All of the wires coated in the above experiments were found to have a qualitatively good coating layer.
  • the present invention carried out as described above was found to have the following advantages over the processes of the prior art. First, it was found that in carrying out the heat treatment under vacuum no oxidation occurred; and further, that any grease and the like evaporated at the elevated temperature and reduced pressure employed. Further it was found that the metal substrate after annealing remains in a thermically etched state and is in excellent condition for thorough moistening in the molten metal bath. Also, it was found that it was not necessary to pickle, rinse, flux and dry the wire after annealing and before metal coating. In addition, since it was found possible to eliminate the pickling step there is no longer any danger or special equipment involved in the removal of harmful gases. Further, since no fluxing process was required, no sludge deposits were produced in the metallizing bath.
  • a process for continuous coating of a metal substrate with a molten metal comprising annealing a substrate at an elevated temperature in a heating zone maintained under vacuum, cooling the annealed substrate in a cooling zone maintained under vacuum and coating the cooled annealed metal substrate 6 with a molten metal in an immersion zone maintained under vacuum.
  • said substrate is a carbon steel wire which is annealed at a temperature in the range of about 700 to 1000 C. in said heating zone and cooled to a temperature in the range of about 400 to 600 C. in said cooling zone.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
US00134738A 1970-04-24 1971-04-16 Method for coating metal substrates with molten metal Expired - Lifetime US3728144A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL707006051A NL141933B (nl) 1970-04-24 1970-04-24 Werkwijze voor het bekleden van een langgerekt metalen voorwerp met metaal, alsmede voorwerpen bekleed volgens deze werkwijze.

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Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3728144A (fr)
BE (1) BE764601A (fr)
DE (1) DE2119920C3 (fr)
FR (1) FR2086302B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1325941A (fr)
LU (1) LU63017A1 (fr)
NL (1) NL141933B (fr)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3907965A (en) * 1973-06-28 1975-09-23 Nippon Kokan Kk Method of preventing surface flaws on steel strip produced in pre-treatment furnace of continuous hot-dipping process
US3914466A (en) * 1974-01-25 1975-10-21 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Method for coating an article
US4053663A (en) * 1972-08-09 1977-10-11 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Method of treating ferrous strand for coating with aluminum-zinc alloys
US4478892A (en) * 1983-03-16 1984-10-23 National Steel Corporation Method of and apparatus for hot dip coating of steel strip
US4675214A (en) * 1986-05-20 1987-06-23 Kilbane Farrell M Hot dip aluminum coated chromium alloy steel
US4800135A (en) * 1986-05-20 1989-01-24 Armco Inc. Hot dip aluminum coated chromium alloy steel
US5480731A (en) * 1992-03-27 1996-01-02 The Louis Berkman Company Hot dip terne coated roofing material
US5491036A (en) * 1992-03-27 1996-02-13 The Louis Berkman Company Coated strip
US5695822A (en) * 1993-04-05 1997-12-09 The Louis Berkman Company Method for coating a metal strip
US6016596A (en) * 1997-05-21 2000-01-25 Rodgers; John Mounting apparatus and method of use
US6080497A (en) * 1992-03-27 2000-06-27 The Louis Berkman Company Corrosion-resistant coated copper metal and method for making the same
US20030062070A1 (en) * 2001-10-01 2003-04-03 Swain Robert F. Method and apparatus for removing polymeric coatings from optical fiber
US20030061837A1 (en) * 2001-10-01 2003-04-03 Swain Robert F. Method and apparatus for removing polymeric coatings from optical fiber in a non-oxidizing environment
WO2003078676A1 (fr) * 2002-03-18 2003-09-25 Karl Merz Procede et dispositif d'alfination de pieces
US6652990B2 (en) 1992-03-27 2003-11-25 The Louis Berkman Company Corrosion-resistant coated metal and method for making the same
US6794060B2 (en) 1992-03-27 2004-09-21 The Louis Berkman Company Corrosion-resistant coated metal and method for making the same
US20040214029A1 (en) * 1992-03-27 2004-10-28 The Louis Berkman Company, An Ohio Corporation Corrosion-resistant coated copper and method for making the same
JP2013077612A (ja) * 2011-09-29 2013-04-25 Neturen Co Ltd 太陽電池用リード線の製造方法及び設備
US20180042394A1 (en) * 2015-02-23 2018-02-15 Agro Holding Gmbh Method for producing an upholstery spring, upholstery spring, mattress, and upholstered furniture
US11018270B2 (en) * 2018-03-08 2021-05-25 Lg Electronics Inc. Flux coating device and method for solar cell panel, and apparatus for attaching interconnector of solar cell panel

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6179755A (ja) * 1984-09-28 1986-04-23 Nisshin Steel Co Ltd 溶融めつき真空蒸着めつき兼用の連続めつき装置
FR2720079B1 (fr) * 1994-05-19 1996-06-21 Lorraine Laminage Procédé de revêtement d'aluminium par trempe à chaud d'une pièce, notamment d'une bande, en acier contenant au moins 0,1 % en poids de manganèse, notamment en acier inoxydable et/ou allié.

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2111826A (en) * 1935-12-09 1938-03-22 Northwestern Barb Wire Company Galvanizing process
GB676198A (en) * 1946-07-31 1952-07-23 Michel Alferieff Process for coating metallic objects with other metals

Cited By (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4053663A (en) * 1972-08-09 1977-10-11 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Method of treating ferrous strand for coating with aluminum-zinc alloys
US3907965A (en) * 1973-06-28 1975-09-23 Nippon Kokan Kk Method of preventing surface flaws on steel strip produced in pre-treatment furnace of continuous hot-dipping process
US3914466A (en) * 1974-01-25 1975-10-21 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Method for coating an article
US4478892A (en) * 1983-03-16 1984-10-23 National Steel Corporation Method of and apparatus for hot dip coating of steel strip
US4675214A (en) * 1986-05-20 1987-06-23 Kilbane Farrell M Hot dip aluminum coated chromium alloy steel
US4800135A (en) * 1986-05-20 1989-01-24 Armco Inc. Hot dip aluminum coated chromium alloy steel
US6794060B2 (en) 1992-03-27 2004-09-21 The Louis Berkman Company Corrosion-resistant coated metal and method for making the same
US7575647B2 (en) 1992-03-27 2009-08-18 The Louis Berkman Co. Corrosion-resistant fuel tank
US5520964A (en) * 1992-03-27 1996-05-28 The Louis Berkman Company Method of coating a metal strip
US5616424A (en) * 1992-03-27 1997-04-01 The Louis Berkman Company Corrosion-resistant coated metal strip
US5667849A (en) * 1992-03-27 1997-09-16 The Louis Berkman Company Method for coating a metal strip
US5491036A (en) * 1992-03-27 1996-02-13 The Louis Berkman Company Coated strip
US20070104975A1 (en) * 1992-03-27 2007-05-10 The Louis Berkman Company Corrosion-resistant coated copper and method for making the same
US6080497A (en) * 1992-03-27 2000-06-27 The Louis Berkman Company Corrosion-resistant coated copper metal and method for making the same
US20070023111A1 (en) * 1992-03-27 2007-02-01 The Louis Berkman Company, A Corporation Of Ohio Corrosion-resistant fuel tank
US7045221B2 (en) 1992-03-27 2006-05-16 The Louis Berkman Company Corrosion-resistant coated copper and method for making the same
US6861159B2 (en) 1992-03-27 2005-03-01 The Louis Berkman Company Corrosion-resistant coated copper and method for making the same
US6652990B2 (en) 1992-03-27 2003-11-25 The Louis Berkman Company Corrosion-resistant coated metal and method for making the same
US5480731A (en) * 1992-03-27 1996-01-02 The Louis Berkman Company Hot dip terne coated roofing material
US20040214029A1 (en) * 1992-03-27 2004-10-28 The Louis Berkman Company, An Ohio Corporation Corrosion-resistant coated copper and method for making the same
US20040213916A1 (en) * 1992-03-27 2004-10-28 The Louis Berkman Company, A Corporation Of Ohio Corrosion-resistant fuel tank
US6811891B2 (en) 1992-03-27 2004-11-02 The Louis Berkman Company Corrosion-resistant coated metal and method for making the same
US6858322B2 (en) 1992-03-27 2005-02-22 The Louis Berkman Company Corrosion-resistant fuel tank
US5695822A (en) * 1993-04-05 1997-12-09 The Louis Berkman Company Method for coating a metal strip
US6016596A (en) * 1997-05-21 2000-01-25 Rodgers; John Mounting apparatus and method of use
US7003985B2 (en) 2001-10-01 2006-02-28 Swain Robert F Method and apparatus for removing polymeric coatings from optical fiber in a non-oxidizing environment
US20030061837A1 (en) * 2001-10-01 2003-04-03 Swain Robert F. Method and apparatus for removing polymeric coatings from optical fiber in a non-oxidizing environment
US20030062070A1 (en) * 2001-10-01 2003-04-03 Swain Robert F. Method and apparatus for removing polymeric coatings from optical fiber
WO2003078676A1 (fr) * 2002-03-18 2003-09-25 Karl Merz Procede et dispositif d'alfination de pieces
JP2013077612A (ja) * 2011-09-29 2013-04-25 Neturen Co Ltd 太陽電池用リード線の製造方法及び設備
WO2013047909A3 (fr) * 2011-09-29 2013-07-18 Neturen Co., Ltd. Procédé et appareil de fabrication de câble conducteur pour cellule solaire
CN103918035A (zh) * 2011-09-29 2014-07-09 高周波热錬株式会社 用于制造太阳能电池用导线的方法和设备
CN103918035B (zh) * 2011-09-29 2016-06-08 高周波热錬株式会社 用于制造太阳能电池用导线的方法和设备
US9991410B2 (en) 2011-09-29 2018-06-05 Neturen Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for manufacturing lead wire for solar cell
US20180042394A1 (en) * 2015-02-23 2018-02-15 Agro Holding Gmbh Method for producing an upholstery spring, upholstery spring, mattress, and upholstered furniture
US11018270B2 (en) * 2018-03-08 2021-05-25 Lg Electronics Inc. Flux coating device and method for solar cell panel, and apparatus for attaching interconnector of solar cell panel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2086302B1 (fr) 1974-02-15
NL7006051A (fr) 1971-10-26
NL141933B (nl) 1974-04-16
BE764601A (nl) 1971-08-16
DE2119920B2 (de) 1974-02-14
LU63017A1 (fr) 1971-08-26
DE2119920A1 (de) 1971-11-11
DE2119920C3 (de) 1974-10-03
FR2086302A1 (fr) 1971-12-31
GB1325941A (en) 1973-08-08

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