US2046036A - Method of coating ferrous bodies with other metals - Google Patents
Method of coating ferrous bodies with other metals Download PDFInfo
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- US2046036A US2046036A US707290A US70729034A US2046036A US 2046036 A US2046036 A US 2046036A US 707290 A US707290 A US 707290A US 70729034 A US70729034 A US 70729034A US 2046036 A US2046036 A US 2046036A
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- coating
- ferrous
- metal
- bath
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 50
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 50
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title description 42
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title description 39
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 24
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title description 8
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 13
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/003—Apparatus
- C23C2/0034—Details related to elements immersed in bath
- C23C2/00348—Fixed work supports or guides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/003—Apparatus
- C23C2/0038—Apparatus characterised by the pre-treatment chambers located immediately upstream of the bath or occurring locally before the dipping process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/024—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by cleaning or etching
Definitions
- the acid baths remove the oxides of iron, but the ferrous bodies, after passing through them, contain impurities on their surfaces, which the acids have not removed, such as carbon, residual moisture, occluded air, etc.
- the carbon does not solder with the metals used for coatings, and the oxygen of air or occluded water produces oxides that remain incrusted in the coatings.
- the con sequence is that the metallic layers obtained are not continuous, but show pores or gaps that impair the quality ofthe coating.
- the coating comprises a metal with the characteristics of aluminium
- these superficial impurities of the ferrous body prevent the adherence of any coating and are the cause of the failure of the many attempts made to cover ferrous objects with aluminium.
- ferrous objects enter the bath of molten metal at a very lowtemperature, and must be heated to the temperature necessary for union by remaining for a more or less long time in the mass of molten metal.
- the bath of molten metal When working with metals of high melting point, like zinc or aluminium, or with objects of a relatively large mass or thickness, or when it is desired to increase the output of the plant, the bath of molten metal must be of extraordinary size, and furnaces of large dimensions are required in order to hold the considerable quantity of metal. These furnaces are costly to install and repair, and they are expensive to. operate because of the great waste of heat radiated from their large surfaces.
- metallized ferrous products without the aforesaid disadvantages, and in which all the impurities present on the surface of the objects that hinder or prevent perfect metallization are completely removed, may be is produced without pores, oxides or gaps, and
- the output of coated metal may be increased by lengthening the time of the preliminary treatment at high temperatures, without the necessity of increasing the length orv number of the baths of metal. Because the cost of installation and operation for the preliminary treatment is small, a production much higher than that secured by modern plants can be obtained at a small cost, and thereby a great increase in the output is secured with the same mechanical equipment as exists at present.
- the rolls or bundles of wire, strips or sheets must be cleaned as effectively as possible to remove from their. surface the oxides and other impurities, such as grease, etc.
- they are treated with acid and alkaline solutions, in the usual way, followed by washing and drying. They are then fitted into any mechanical device that causes them to pass in a continuous, uniform and constant manner, through a furnace or apparatus that is the subject of this invention.
- This furnace or apparatus is composed of three parts or zones, through which the wire, strip or sheet must pass successively and in the same order as described.
- Figures 1' tween the surface of the bath and the drawing roller 5.
- the wiper 6 consisting essentially of a metallic member having an orifice I 4, through which passes the wire, strip or sheet.
- Parts A or B are maintained, by any source of heat, at the temperatures to be specified later.
- Ammonium chloride (NHiCl) vapours at red heat or at 500 to. i00 C. are found to be particnlarly advantageous in practice.
- the ammonium chloride may be introduced int-o the apparatus by any process, for instance, in a. solid state into the interior of the retort 9, by raising the plug III.
- the temperature of the retort 2 must be so graduated as to generate a continucus'emission
- vapours of NH4C1 leave the retort through the conduit I I, which likewise communicates with the hollow body I, through which they circulate continuously and issue at the open end I2.
- the chloride or chlorides of iron formed according to the Equation I are maintained in a state of vapour and do not condense upon the walls of the hollow body I, but are eliminated together with the other vapours or gases through the open end I2.
- the section of the hcilow body I must be formed according to the section of the wire, strip or sheet or other continue-us ferrous body which is to be coated with aluminium, and in such a way that an empty space is left around the ferrous object. This space must be as small as possible to facilitate the transfer of heat to the ferrous object, and yet sufficiently ample for the gases and vapours to circulate and bathe it easily.
- section can also he formed so as to allow several continuous ferrous objects to circulate through it simultaneously, for instance, several wires, strips or sheets at the same time.
- ammoniunr chloride its compo- 5 nents
- hydrochloric acid and ammonia may :be employed mixed such proportions as to produce ammonium chloride in a quantity sufficient to remove the impurities from the ferrous surface.
- the wire, strip or sheet becomes heated by passing through the region or zone A at red heat.
- the increase in temperature that the ferrous object acquires by passing at a constant speed through this zone depends on the time it remains therein. This time should be'sueh that, when the ferrous object leaves the zone in order to enter the molten metal bath, its temperature shall be that necessary to unite rapidly with the 20 molten metal when wetted by it, and without requiring it to pass through a considerab-ie mass of the metal as is required in the known methods of metal coating by heat.
- This part of the apparatus comprises essentially a receptacle or crucible l containing the aluminium or aluminium alloy 3 in a molten state.
- the wire, stripor sheet, guided by the plunger 2 comes out from the bath of aiuminium or aluminium alloy coated with a continuous film of molten metal, and enters the co-oling zone C. 55
- the liquid film quickly solidifies, and the combination of the metals of the film with the iron base is quickly interrupted.
- the oxide impurities that may have come from the metallic bath are removed from 6 the surface, and the coating is smoothed
- Many devices may be used for this purpose.
- good results are obtained by using a metallic member Ii provided with an opening l4, like a wire drawer, through which passes the wire, strip or sheet.
- the opening of the wire-drawer should be of a section slightly larger than that of the wire, strip or sheet; and the member may radiate heat at such a rate that the aluminium or aluminium alloy carried along by the wire, 70 strip or sheet is kept in the said space in a pasty state and the wire strip or sheet slips through it.
- it may be said to constitute a device for smoothing out of aiurnini. v1 or aluminium alloy, proceeding from the metal bath.
- the metals that may be employed in a molten state for obtaining metallic coatings on ferrous objects, in accordance with this process, may vary; it should be understood that this invention refers to the process, independently of what metals or alloys may be adopted. The explanation ofwhat 'has been done with the aluminium has only been given by way of example.
- a method of coating a ferrous body with a metal which consists in subjecting said body to an atmosphere of vapors of ammonium chloride at a temperature ranging from 500 C. to 700 C., and then applying thereto a coating of molten metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum alloys, tin and zinc.
- a method of coating a ferrous body with a metal which consists in subjecting said body to an atmosphere of vapors of ammonium chloride at a temperature ranging from'500" C. to 700 C., passing said body through a bath of molten coating metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum alloys, tin and zinc, the' surface of which is not in contact with the ammonium chloride, and then smoothing and cooling.
- a method of coating a ferrous body with a metal which consists in subjecting said body to an atmosphere of vapors of hydrochloric acid and ammonia at a temperature ranging from 500 C. to 700 C. and in proportions to produce ammonium chloride in a quantity suflicient to remove the impurities from the surface of the ferrous body, passing said body through a bath of molten coating metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum alloys, tin and zinc, the surface of which is not in contact with the hydrochloric acid and ammonia and then smoothing and cooling.
- a method of coating a ferrous body with a metal which consists in subjecting said body to an atmosphere of vapors of ammonium chloride at a temperature ranging from 500 C. to 700 C., passing said body through a bath of molten coating metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum alloys, tin and zinc, the surface of which is separated from contact with the ammonium chloride vapors by a mass of protecting material in a powdered state, and then smoothing and cooling.
- a method of coating a ferrous body with a metal which consists in subjecting said body to an atmosphere of vapors of hydrochloric acid and ammonia at a temperature ranging from 500 C. to 700 C. and in proportions to produce ammonium chloride in a quantity sufficient to remove the impurities from the surface of the ferrous body, passing said body through a bath of molten coating metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum alloys, tin and zinc, the surface of which is separated from contact with the vapors of the hydrochloric acid and ammonia by a mass of protecting material in a powdered state, and then smoothing and cooling.
- a method of coating a ferrous body with a metal which consists in subjecting said body to an atmosphere of vapors of ammonium chloride at a temperature ranging from 500 C. to 700 C., passing said body through a bath of molten coating metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum alloys, tin and zinc.
- a method of coating a ferrous body with a metal which consists in subjecting said body to an atmosphere of vapors of hydrochloric acid and ammonia at a temperature ranging from 500 C. to 700 C., and in proportions to produce ammonium chloride in a quantity sufflcient to remove the impurities from the surface of the ferrous body, passing said body through a bath of molten coating metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum alloys, tin and zinc, the surface of which is not in contact with the hydrochloric acid and ammonia, and then cooling said body and smoothing the coating thereon, said smoothing step being carried on by passing the coated body in wiping contact with a body of said coating metal in a pasty state.
- a method of coating a ferrous body with a metal which consists of subjecting the said body to an atmosphere of vapors of ammonium chloride at a temperature ranging from 500 C. to 700 C., passing said body through a bath of molten coating metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum alloys, tin and 'zinc, the surface of which is separated from contact with the ammonium chloride vapors by a mass of protecting material in a powdered state, and then cooling said body and smoothing the coating thereon, said smoothing step being carried on by passing the coated body in wiping contact with a body of said coating metal in a pasty state.
- molten coating metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum alloys, tin and 'zinc
- a method of coating a ferrous body with a metal which consists in subjecting said body to an atmosphere of vapors of hydrochloric acid and ammonia at a temperature ranging from 500 C. to 700 C., and in proportions to produce ammonium chloride in a quantity sufficient to remove the impurities from the surface of the ferrous body, passing said body through a bath of molten coating metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum alloys, tin and zinc, the surface of which is separated from contact with the vapors of the hydrochloric acid and ammonia by a mass ofprotecting material in a powdered state, and then cooling said body and smoothing the coating thereon, said smoothing step being carried on by passing the coated body in wiping contact with a body of said coating metal in a pasty state.
- a method of coating a ferrous body with a metal which consists in simultaneously and chemically decarburizing and deoxidizing the surface of the ferrous body at a temperature varying from 500 C. to 700 C. to remove all of the impuritirs on the surface of the body that prevent perfect metallization, removing in vaporous form the reaction products formed by the decarburizing and deoxidizing, and then applyingto the surface of said ferrous body, while it is in a decarburized and deoxidized state and free from oxides and impurities, a-molten coating of metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum alloys, tin and zinc, whereby a continuous soldering on a surface of pure iron and a coating without pores, oxides or gaps is obtained.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Description
June 1936- A. o. RODRIGUEZ 2,046,036
METHOD OF COATING FERROUS BODIES WITH OTHER METALS Filed Jan. 19, 1954 I a I IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlIIIIIIIIII/d .Jnvezzfor: flhselmo O. Rodriguez Patented June 30, 1936 UNITED STATES METHOD OF COATING FERROUS BODIES NVITH OTHER. METALS Anselmo Ortiz Rodriguez. Valverde-Leganes Badaioz, Spain Application January 19, 1934,Serial No. 707,290 In Spain February 24, 1933 10 Claims. (Cl. 91-703) Some of the methods previously used for coating ferrous bodies with other metals, such as tin, zinc, etc., by heat, consist essentially in causing the said bodies, previously deoxidized by being passed through acid baths, to pass through and be wetted by the molten metal contained in a crucible.
These methods have the following disadvantages:
The acid baths remove the oxides of iron, but the ferrous bodies, after passing through them, contain impurities on their surfaces, which the acids have not removed, such as carbon, residual moisture, occluded air, etc. The carbon does not solder with the metals used for coatings, and the oxygen of air or occluded water produces oxides that remain incrusted in the coatings. The con sequence is that the metallic layers obtained are not continuous, but show pores or gaps that impair the quality ofthe coating.
In the case in which the coating comprises a metal with the characteristics of aluminium, these superficial impurities of the ferrous body prevent the adherence of any coating and are the cause of the failure of the many attempts made to cover ferrous objects with aluminium.
In these prior methods ferrous objects enter the bath of molten metal at a very lowtemperature, and must be heated to the temperature necessary for union by remaining for a more or less long time in the mass of molten metal. When working with metals of high melting point, like zinc or aluminium, or with objects of a relatively large mass or thickness, or when it is desired to increase the output of the plant, the bath of molten metal must be of extraordinary size, and furnaces of large dimensions are required in order to hold the considerable quantity of metal. These furnaces are costly to install and repair, and they are expensive to. operate because of the great waste of heat radiated from their large surfaces.
I have found that metallized ferrous products without the aforesaid disadvantages, and in which all the impurities present on the surface of the objects that hinder or prevent perfect metallization are completely removed, may be is produced without pores, oxides or gaps, and
therefore of better quality.
2. Because the ferrous object enters the bath at a temperature very near that of the bath, the latter is not cooled, and the object does not.
need to stay in the mass of the metal more than the time necessary for it to be wetted thereby. Thus, both the size and the number of baths of molten metal are greatly reduced, and a similar reduction is effected in the cost of the crucibles, the quantity of metal necessary, the cost of repairs and renewals, the radiant surface, etc.
3. The output of coated metal may be increased by lengthening the time of the preliminary treatment at high temperatures, without the necessity of increasing the length orv number of the baths of metal. Because the cost of installation and operation for the preliminary treatment is small, a production much higher than that secured by modern plants can be obtained at a small cost, and thereby a great increase in the output is secured with the same mechanical equipment as exists at present.
Hereinafter and by way of example the process is described as it may be applied to the production of aluminium-coated ferrous bodies susceptible of being mechanically produced in a continuous manner, such as wire, strips, sheets, etc.
First, the rolls or bundles of wire, strips or sheets must be cleaned as effectively as possible to remove from their. surface the oxides and other impurities, such as grease, etc. For example, they are treated with acid and alkaline solutions, in the usual way, followed by washing and drying. They are then fitted into any mechanical device that causes them to pass in a continuous, uniform and constant manner, through a furnace or apparatus that is the subject of this invention.
This furnace or apparatus is composed of three parts or zones, through which the wire, strip or sheet must pass successively and in the same order as described.
A. Purifying and heating part or zone.
B. Metallization part or zone.
C. Cooling part or zone.
Referring to the attached drawing, Figures 1' tween the surface of the bath and the drawing roller 5. In this zone is the wiper 6, consisting essentially of a metallic member having an orifice I 4, through which passes the wire, strip or sheet.
Parts A or B are maintained, by any source of heat, at the temperatures to be specified later.
and are fixed in the interior of a furnace of refractory material. 5
In the system formed by the three foregoing parts, the wire, strip or sheet I, coming from the reel], enters the hollow body I.
To remove the impurities from the ferrous object, it is passed'through an atmosphere of gases or vapours that circulate continuously through the interior of the body I and are produced within or outside of that body by any process.
The chemical name of these gases or vapours must be such that i they combine with the impurities of thewire, strip or sheet, forming compounds which are volatile at the temperature of the zone A, in order that they maybe continuously eliminated from this zone in a state of vapour and, do not form deposits, the accumulation of which would impede the emcient working of the system.
Ammonium chloride (NHiCl) vapours, at red heat or at 500 to. i00 C. are found to be particnlarly advantageous in practice.
The ammonium chloride may be introduced int-o the apparatus by any process, for instance, in a. solid state into the interior of the retort 9, by raising the plug III.
The temperature of the retort 2 must be so graduated as to generate a continucus'emission,
as regular as possible, of the NHlCi vapours.
The vapours of NH4C1 leave the retort through the conduit I I, which likewise communicates with the hollow body I, through which they circulate continuously and issue at the open end I2.
At a temperature of 500 to 700 C. corresponding to that of the hollow 330th I, a reaction is set up between the NH4C1 vapours and the iron of the wire, strip or sheet, accordingto the equation:
2NH4Cl+Fe=FeCh+2NH3+Hz (Equation I) The ammonia. in a nascent state combines with the carbon of the ferrous material used according to the equation:
body I, the chloride or chlorides of iron formed according to the Equation I are maintained in a state of vapour and do not condense upon the walls of the hollow body I, but are eliminated together with the other vapours or gases through the open end I2.
The section of the hcilow body I must be formed according to the section of the wire, strip or sheet or other continue-us ferrous body which is to be coated with aluminium, and in such a way that an empty space is left around the ferrous object. This space must be as small as possible to facilitate the transfer of heat to the ferrous object, and yet sufficiently ample for the gases and vapours to circulate and bathe it easily.
section can also he formed so as to allow several continuous ferrous objects to circulate through it simultaneously, for instance, several wires, strips or sheets at the same time.
Instead of ammoniunr chloride, its compo- 5 nents, hydrochloric acid and ammonia may :be employed mixed such proportions as to produce ammonium chloride in a quantity sufficient to remove the impurities from the ferrous surface. 7
simultaneously with the foregoing chemical treatment, the wire, strip or sheet becomes heated by passing through the region or zone A at red heat. The increase in temperature that the ferrous object acquires by passing at a constant speed through this zone, depends on the time it remains therein. This time should be'sueh that, when the ferrous object leaves the zone in order to enter the molten metal bath, its temperature shall be that necessary to unite rapidly with the 20 molten metal when wetted by it, and without requiring it to pass through a considerab-ie mass of the metal as is required in the known methods of metal coating by heat.
Several methods can be 'used to increase the 20 time duringwhich the object remains in zone A. In practice, good results can be obtained if the time of heating is increased by increasing the length of zone A. If the speed of passage of the object is increased, there will result an increase in the production per hour.
The wire, strip or sheet, with its surface free from impurities, and at a temperature approximating that of the metallic bath, leaves the body I and enters the zone B, or the aluminium-coating zone.
This part of the apparatus comprises essentially a receptacle or crucible l containing the aluminium or aluminium alloy 3 in a molten state.
To prevent the oxidizing of the wire, strip or sheet between its exit from the hollow body I and its entrance into the mass of metallic bath, several methods may be used. For example, devices may be employed which maintain an at mosphere of the NH4Cl vapours around the wire, strip or sheet until it penetrates into the metal bath; protecting materials, such as reducing or inert bodies I3, in a powdered or liquid state, that prevent air from reaching the wire. strip or sheet may be used; or inert or reducing gases may be employed.
The wire, stripor sheet, guided by the plunger 2, comes out from the bath of aiuminium or aluminium alloy coated with a continuous film of molten metal, and enters the co-oling zone C. 55
In this zone, the liquid film quickly solidifies, and the combination of the metals of the film with the iron base is quickly interrupted. At the same time, the oxide impurities that may have come from the metallic bath are removed from 6 the surface, and the coating is smoothed Many devices may be used for this purpose. In practice, good results are obtained by using a metallic member Ii provided with an opening l4, like a wire drawer, through which passes the wire, strip or sheet. The opening of the wire-drawer should be of a section slightly larger than that of the wire, strip or sheet; and the member may radiate heat at such a rate that the aluminium or aluminium alloy carried along by the wire, 70 strip or sheet is kept in the said space in a pasty state and the wire strip or sheet slips through it. Thus, in the end, it may be said to constitute a device for smoothing out of aiurnini. v1 or aluminium alloy, proceeding from the metal bath.
The metals that may be employed in a molten state for obtaining metallic coatings on ferrous objects, in accordance with this process, may vary; it should be understood that this invention refers to the process, independently of what metals or alloys may be adopted. The explanation ofwhat 'has been done with the aluminium has only been given by way of example.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature'of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:
1. A method of coating a ferrous body with a metal, which consists in subjecting said body to an atmosphere of vapors of ammonium chloride at a temperature ranging from 500 C. to 700 C., and then applying thereto a coating of molten metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum alloys, tin and zinc.
2. A method of coating a ferrous body with a metal, which consists in subjecting said body to an atmosphere of vapors of ammonium chloride at a temperature ranging from'500" C. to 700 C., passing said body through a bath of molten coating metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum alloys, tin and zinc, the' surface of which is not in contact with the ammonium chloride, and then smoothing and cooling.
3. A method of coating a ferrous body with a metal, which consists in subjecting said body to an atmosphere of vapors of hydrochloric acid and ammonia at a temperature ranging from 500 C. to 700 C. and in proportions to produce ammonium chloride in a quantity suflicient to remove the impurities from the surface of the ferrous body, passing said body through a bath of molten coating metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum alloys, tin and zinc, the surface of which is not in contact with the hydrochloric acid and ammonia and then smoothing and cooling.
4. A method of coating a ferrous body with a metal, which consists in subjecting said body to an atmosphere of vapors of ammonium chloride at a temperature ranging from 500 C. to 700 C., passing said body through a bath of molten coating metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum alloys, tin and zinc, the surface of which is separated from contact with the ammonium chloride vapors by a mass of protecting material in a powdered state, and then smoothing and cooling.
5. A method of coating a ferrous body with a metal, which consists in subjecting said body to an atmosphere of vapors of hydrochloric acid and ammonia at a temperature ranging from 500 C. to 700 C. and in proportions to produce ammonium chloride in a quantity sufficient to remove the impurities from the surface of the ferrous body, passing said body through a bath of molten coating metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum alloys, tin and zinc, the surface of which is separated from contact with the vapors of the hydrochloric acid and ammonia by a mass of protecting material in a powdered state, and then smoothing and cooling.
6. A method of coating a ferrous body with a metal, which consists in subjecting said body to an atmosphere of vapors of ammonium chloride at a temperature ranging from 500 C. to 700 C., passing said body through a bath of molten coating metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum alloys, tin and zinc.
the surface of which is not in contact with the ammonium chloride, and then cooling said body and smoothing the coating thereon, said smoothing step being carried on by passing the coated body in wiping contact with a body of said coating metal in a pasty state.
7. A method of coating a ferrous body with a metal, which consists in subjecting said body to an atmosphere of vapors of hydrochloric acid and ammonia at a temperature ranging from 500 C. to 700 C., and in proportions to produce ammonium chloride in a quantity sufflcient to remove the impurities from the surface of the ferrous body, passing said body through a bath of molten coating metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum alloys, tin and zinc, the surface of which is not in contact with the hydrochloric acid and ammonia, and then cooling said body and smoothing the coating thereon, said smoothing step being carried on by passing the coated body in wiping contact with a body of said coating metal in a pasty state.
8. A method of coating a ferrous body with a metal, which consists of subjecting the said body to an atmosphere of vapors of ammonium chloride at a temperature ranging from 500 C. to 700 C., passing said body through a bath of molten coating metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum alloys, tin and 'zinc, the surface of which is separated from contact with the ammonium chloride vapors by a mass of protecting material in a powdered state, and then cooling said body and smoothing the coating thereon, said smoothing step being carried on by passing the coated body in wiping contact with a body of said coating metal in a pasty state.
9. A method of coating a ferrous body with a metal, which consists in subjecting said body to an atmosphere of vapors of hydrochloric acid and ammonia at a temperature ranging from 500 C. to 700 C., and in proportions to produce ammonium chloride in a quantity sufficient to remove the impurities from the surface of the ferrous body, passing said body through a bath of molten coating metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum alloys, tin and zinc, the surface of which is separated from contact with the vapors of the hydrochloric acid and ammonia by a mass ofprotecting material in a powdered state, and then cooling said body and smoothing the coating thereon, said smoothing step being carried on by passing the coated body in wiping contact with a body of said coating metal in a pasty state.
10. A method of coating a ferrous body with a metal, which consists in simultaneously and chemically decarburizing and deoxidizing the surface of the ferrous body at a temperature varying from 500 C. to 700 C. to remove all of the impuritirs on the surface of the body that prevent perfect metallization, removing in vaporous form the reaction products formed by the decarburizing and deoxidizing, and then applyingto the surface of said ferrous body, while it is in a decarburized and deoxidized state and free from oxides and impurities, a-molten coating of metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum alloys, tin and zinc, whereby a continuous soldering on a surface of pure iron and a coating without pores, oxides or gaps is obtained.
ANSELMO ORTIZ RODRIGUEZ.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES432212X | 1933-02-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2046036A true US2046036A (en) | 1936-06-30 |
Family
ID=8245329
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US707290A Expired - Lifetime US2046036A (en) | 1933-02-24 | 1934-01-19 | Method of coating ferrous bodies with other metals |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2046036A (en) |
BE (1) | BE400959A (en) |
DE (1) | DE630872C (en) |
GB (1) | GB432212A (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2437919A (en) * | 1945-07-19 | 1948-03-16 | American Rolling Mill Co | Process and means for improving the adherence of aluminum coatings |
US2444422A (en) * | 1942-09-07 | 1948-07-06 | Specialties Dev Corp | Producing aluminum-coated iron or steel |
US2459161A (en) * | 1945-01-13 | 1949-01-18 | American Steel & Wire Co | Metal coating |
US2876137A (en) * | 1955-04-12 | 1959-03-03 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Method of plating metal with magnesium |
US2935420A (en) * | 1958-02-17 | 1960-05-03 | Herbert E Linden | Method of coating metals |
US3457097A (en) * | 1964-02-10 | 1969-07-22 | Yawata Seitetsu Kk | Method of coating ferrous metal with molten aluminum |
US4634609A (en) * | 1985-06-18 | 1987-01-06 | Hussey Copper, Ltd. | Process and apparatus for coating |
EP0480739A2 (en) * | 1990-10-11 | 1992-04-15 | Totoku Electric Co., Ltd. | Process of producing a hot dipped wire |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2852314A1 (en) * | 1978-12-04 | 1980-06-26 | Hoechst Ag | METHOD FOR PRODUCING ETHYLENE |
-
0
- BE BE400959D patent/BE400959A/xx unknown
-
1934
- 1934-01-19 US US707290A patent/US2046036A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1934-01-23 GB GB2346/34A patent/GB432212A/en not_active Expired
- 1934-01-31 DE DEO21081D patent/DE630872C/en not_active Expired
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2444422A (en) * | 1942-09-07 | 1948-07-06 | Specialties Dev Corp | Producing aluminum-coated iron or steel |
US2459161A (en) * | 1945-01-13 | 1949-01-18 | American Steel & Wire Co | Metal coating |
US2437919A (en) * | 1945-07-19 | 1948-03-16 | American Rolling Mill Co | Process and means for improving the adherence of aluminum coatings |
US2876137A (en) * | 1955-04-12 | 1959-03-03 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Method of plating metal with magnesium |
US2935420A (en) * | 1958-02-17 | 1960-05-03 | Herbert E Linden | Method of coating metals |
US3457097A (en) * | 1964-02-10 | 1969-07-22 | Yawata Seitetsu Kk | Method of coating ferrous metal with molten aluminum |
US4634609A (en) * | 1985-06-18 | 1987-01-06 | Hussey Copper, Ltd. | Process and apparatus for coating |
EP0480739A2 (en) * | 1990-10-11 | 1992-04-15 | Totoku Electric Co., Ltd. | Process of producing a hot dipped wire |
EP0480739A3 (en) * | 1990-10-11 | 1992-08-05 | Totoku Electric Co., Ltd. | Process of producing a hot dipped wire |
US5472740A (en) * | 1990-10-11 | 1995-12-05 | Totoku Electric Co., Ltd. | Process of producing a hot dipped wire from a base wire, with the absence of iron-based, iron oxide-based and iron hydroxide-based minute particles on surfaces of the base wire |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB432212A (en) | 1935-07-23 |
DE630872C (en) | 1936-06-08 |
BE400959A (en) |
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